高中英语语法填空精华省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖PPT课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,第四章 语法填空（Grammatical Cloze）,第,1,、,2,课时,给提醒词语法填空题解题技巧,不给提醒词语法填空题解题技巧,1/27,题型介绍,语法填空又称为开放式语篇填空，本题型分两种情况：,一个,为,已给单词提醒,，,一个,为,不给单词提醒,。这种命题形式将过去以句子为关键语法单项选择变成以语篇为关键语法填空。这一转变表达了新课改由,语法知识到语法技能,语法教学观念转变以及当今高考英语改革趋势：突出语篇，强调在语篇中测试学生英语语言知识和技能。,高考广东卷率先使用该命题形式，各个省区相继采取这种方式。2月份国家考试中心公布考试说明宣告从开始，新课标高考全国卷也将以语法填空替换使用了几十年之久单项选择。,2/27,先学任务&Warming up:,（全国III卷）,阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当内容,(,1个单词,),或括号内单词正确形式。,In much of Asia,especially the so-called“rice bowl”cultures of China,Japan,Korea,41,Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.,Chopsticks are usually two long,thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic,animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might,42,(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal,43,(create)special designs.,and,be made,to create,3/27,The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots,44,(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.Over time,45,the population grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which,46,(gradual)turned into chopsticks.,Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,47,lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the,48,(develop)of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and,49,(be)too violent for use at the table.,Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat,50,their hands.,using,as/when,gradually,who,development,were,with,4/27,Step1:解题步骤,1）通读全文，搞清文章大意，搞清主题、时态。,2）依照语义、语法，参考常考知识点，进行填空。,注意：时态、语态、性、数、格问题。,3）通读全文，复查验证。,5/27,Step2:知识点准备,1）定语从句：,关系代词,：which,that,who,whose,as;（注意as 引导定语从句“such.as、the same.as”）,关系副词,:when,where,why;,非限制性,定语从句引导词：which,as;,介词+关系代词,：介词+which,6/27,2）状语从句：,时间、目标、条件、原因、地点和让步状语从句。,时间状语从句，尤其是 as，since，while，when，before，until 等连接词；,when/where 引导状语从句；,让步状语从句倒装；as和though引导让步状语从句可将表语提前；,非谓语动词：现在分词（表主动和进行），过去分词（表被动和完成），动词不定式（表未来和目标）；,7/27,3）名词性从句：,名词性从句主要考查语序、时态和引导词。,复习重点：,隶属连词whether，if 和 that 使用方法（whether和or not连用，that没有意义，不充当成份）；,连接代词和连接副词选择,8/27,4）时态、语态：,现在完成时、普通过去时、过去进行时、未来完成时、完成进行时等，多和语态一起考查。,普通现在时和普通过去时区分,现在完成时和普通过去时区分,普通过去时和过去完成时区分,普通现在时和现在进行时以及普通过去时同过去进行时区分,“系动词+过去分词”使用方法，如：get lost；remain unknown 等形式使用方法,进行时态被动语态及主动表被动使用方法,9/27,5）其它：,倒装语序、主谓一致关系、强调结构等。,it 作形式主语、形式宾语；,there be 句型；,it is/was+被强调部分+that/who强调句型；,情态动词使用方法；,主谓一致和时态语态结合,10/27,Step3：语法填空题出题方式,1.给出提醒词语法填空：,主要考查：,1）名词（单、复、全部格）,2）动词（时态语态数；doing-done-to do）,3）形容词、副词（原级、比较级、最高级、转换）,4）代词（性、数、格）,5）词类转换(名形副动）,11/27,2.未给提醒词语法填空。,考查：冠、代、介、连、及一些副词（多为固定搭配）。,3.解题关键：,1）把握大意；,2）找关键词（1看横线前后词；2.找出句中主语、谓语、连词）；,4.标准,既要符合语意，又要合乎语法！,12/27,Step4：语法填空题解题技巧,1.考查名词（n.）,技巧：注意名词形式改变。名词形式改变主要有,单数、复数、全部格,改变。比如：,There are many students living at school,the_,_,_(child)houses are all far from schoo1,当堂导练：,1）Do you know how many _,_,(novel)are there on the shelf?,2）In face of various _,_,_(nature)disasters,what can we do to survive?,3）He had a toothache,so he went to the _,_,(dentist).,一、给提醒词语法填空题,children,s,novel,s,natural,dentists,13/27,2.考查动词（v.）,技巧：注意动词形式改变。动词形式改变比较多，有谓语改变(,时态、语态、语气,)，有非谓语改变(,to do,doing,done,)。比如：,A talk_(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang,当堂导练：,1)Asking about ones income _(view)impolite.,2)Over time,many changes _(take place)in our country.,3)The teacher entered the lab,_(follow)by some students.,4)Some students entered the lab,_(follow)the teacher.,5)His words encouraged me to work harder _(achieve)my goal.,to be given,is viewed,have taken place,followed,following,to achieve,14/27,3.考查形容词（adj.）、副词（adv.）,技巧：1）,形容词变为副词,、副词变为形容词；,2）形容词变成其,比较级或最高级,（组成比较级和最高级方式，或经过加后缀,-,er和,-,est，或在词加moreless和mostleast，且形容词绝对最高级还要冠以the）；,3）形容词变成其,相反意义,adj.或adv.，比如：,I am_(tall)than Liu WenHe is the tallest students in my class,Lious lost his wallet yesterday，so he was very_(happiness),less tall,unhappy,15/27,当堂导练：,1)After retirement,the old man lived in the countryside _(peaceful).,2)Compared with those children living in the countryside,we are _,_,_(happy).,3)He is the athlete who jumps _,_,_(far)in the world.,4)He was _(able)to finish this job by himself,so please help him.,5)Many other actors are _(badly)off than me at present,peacefully,happier,farthest,unable,worse,16/27,4.考查代词（pron.）,技巧：注意代词形式改变。代词形式改变通常是与人称改变相关三大类五小类，即,人称代词,(主格和宾格)、,物主代词,(形容词性和名词性)、,反身代词,。另外还有几个不定代词形式改变，如no onenone、otheranother等。,The king decided to see the painter by_(he),当堂导练：,1）Firstly,we must understand the language when we hear _（it）spoken.,2）I patiently walked to the library,took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax _(I).,himself,it,myself,17/27,5.考查词性转换,技巧：1）,名词与形容词,相互转换；2）,形容词副词,相互转换；3）,动词与名词,相互转换,比如：,We must notice the _,_,_(important)of protecting the environment.,当堂导练：,1）But a recent study saw things quite _,_,_(different).,2）The order in which they finished would decide the order of their _,_,_(appear)in the Chinese calendar.,3）,so Im very careful not to give out my _,_,_(person)information.,importance,differently,appearance,personal,18/27,1.考查冠词art.）,1)假如空格后是,单数可数名词,，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填不定冠词(,a,an,);,2)假如空格后是,序数词、最高级,或提及,上文提到过人或物,等时，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填定冠词(,the,)。比如：,Jackie likes to drive at_,_,high speed,当堂导练：,1)They both are trying their best to realize _same dreamentering the key university.,2)Reciting more texts is _,_,_useful way to broaden your vocabulary.,二、未给提醒词语法填空题,a,the,a,19/27,2.考查介词或副词,惯用介词有,in，at，on，of，before，during,等，通常考查固定搭配；副词量比较多，如：,however，never，yet，much,等，但考查得较少。比如：,Just then,he saw a blackboard in_,_,_ of him,The USconsists _fifty states,front,of,20/27,当堂导练：,1）Old Tom,s grand,-,daughter used to visit him _ Saturday afternoons2）Though Liu Qiang did the same work _ Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay _ Zhang Wen,3）Television is now playing a very important role _ our life.,4）It was in this very room that I gave birth _ Linda seventeen years ago.,on,as,than,in,to,21/27,3.考查连词、副词、关联短语,惯用连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等；惯用关联短语有bothand，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also等。,表示,并列,：and,or等；,表示,因果,：so,for,therefore,thus等；,表示,递进,：,further,furthermore,moreover,in addition等;,表示,转折,：but,nevertheless,however,yet,while,although,though等。,Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_his family was too poor,_,_,_Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre,for,Both,22/27,It was only one day left,_,_,_,his father had no idea to answer him,当堂导练：,1)I asked my classmates about her interest _,_,then I made my final decision.,2)If a family has many children,the middle one sometimes gets lost in the crowd.The youngest child,_,often gets special treatment.,however,and,however,23/27,4.考查it、从句引导词(what、that、who、which、when、where等),I like _ when my parents are friendly to me.,He did not do_,_,his father had asked him to do,Those_,_,_want to go to the village must sign here,当堂导练：,1）One day,he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.,2）Some people say that oldest children,_ are smart and strong-willed,are very likely to succeed.,3）I admired the painting,and Ted said he would like me to have _ as a gift from him.,4）_ he wants is a bicycle.,it,what,who,that,who,it,What,24/27,5.考查固定搭配,依据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否组成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。,The children were playing on the ground，enjoying_,_,_,_,dirty but happy,His boss was_,_,_angry as to fire him,当堂导练：,1）Mrs Baker was ill,so her daughter had to ask for a leave to take,_,_,of her,2）Ive never heard _,_,_ stories as he told.,3）Mr Smith took a plane to London of taking a train,themselves,so,care,such,instead,25/27,Step5:巩固练习,People _1_(live)in different countries made different kinds of words.Today there are about fifteen hundred _2_（language）in the world.Each contains many thousands of words.A very large dictionary,for example,contains four _3_ five hundred thousand words.But we do not need _4_ these.To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words._5_ you leave school,you will learn only one thousand or more.,The words you know are called your vocabulary.You should try to make your vocabulary _6_(big).Read as many books as we can.There are a lot of books _7_(write)in easy English.You will enjoy them.When you meet _8_ new word,look it _9_ in your dictionary.Your dictionary is your _10_(much)useful book.,living,languages,or,all,Before,bigger,written,a,up,most,26/27,Step6:自辅落实,Finish the two exercises on the learning sheet.,27/27,