科技英语被动语态的特点及翻译方法省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖PPT课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,科技英语被动语态特点及翻译方法,1/17,科技英语中被动语态特点,被动语态是一个动词形式,表示动词主语与该动词所表,示动作之间主动和被动关系。当主语是动作执行者,即,主语为施事者时动词用主动语态,假如主语是动作承受者,也称受事者时动词使用被动语态。被动语态把所要论证、说,明科技问题放在句子主语位置上,就更能引发人们注,意。另外,被动语态比主动语态更少主观色彩,这正是科技作,品所需要。所以在科技英语中,凡是在不需要或不可能指,出行为主体场所,或者在需要突出行为客体场所都使被,动句。,2/17,科技英语中被动语态特点,被动语态普通用在以下情形,：,1.为了突出叙述话题,将所要论证、说明科技问题放,在句子主语位置,引发人们注意,预示话题发展方向。如:,Gears are used to transmit power positively from one,shaft to,anothers by means of successively engaging,teeth.,Much progress has been made in electrical engineering,in less thana century.,3/17,科技英语中被动语态特点,2.无须或无法指出动作发出者。如:,To get all the stages off the ground,a first big push is,needed.,Much of the energy is absorbed as the sun s rays pass,through our,atmosphere.,3.语篇连贯要求使用被动语态。如:,He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded,by the,audience.,4/17,科技英语中被动语态特点,4.在被动语态句中施动者能够不直接出现,从而给人以对,事不对人感觉,不至于感到说话人有一个盛气凌人感觉,使措辞得当,语气委婉。如:,All of the attention must be given to possible uses of,atomic energy.,Account should be taken of the low melting point of this,substance.,5/17,被动语态翻译准则和方法,在对科技英语进行翻译时要注意其特点,它不像翻译文学作品,要求译,出原作者格调、笔调,保持原作艺术形象。笔者认为,翻译时应遵照,“忠实”和“通顺”两个准则。“忠实”即译文应忠实于原文,准确地、完整,地、科学地表示原文内容,译者不得任意对原文内容加以歪曲、增删、,遗漏和篡改,不做主观渲染,不用带感情色彩词汇。“通顺”是说译文应,当符合汉字语法要求,使读者看起来通俗易懂。在科技翻译中,要到达,融会贯通,必须了解相关科技知识,掌握同一事物中英文表示方式。,单纯靠对语言把握也能传达双方语言信息,但利用语言灵活性尤其,是选词准确性会受到很大限制。要处理这个问题,翻译人员就要主动主,动地熟悉这个科技领域相关知识。,6/17,被动语态翻译准则和方法,1.译成汉语主动句。,(1)用“人们”、“大家”、“有些人”、“我们”等含有泛指意,义词作主语,从而使汉语译文呈“兼语式”句式。,The mechanism of fever production is not completely,understood.,人们还不完全清楚发烧产生机理。,Sun is known to rise in the east.,我们都知道,太阳从东方升起。,He was seen to have turned off the current.,有些人看见他把电流断开了。,7/17,被动语态翻译准则和方法,(2)由 it 引导主语从句,译成无人称或不定人称句。,It is said that the production of transistor radios was increased sixtimes from 1970 to 1974.,听说从 1970 年至 1974 年间,晶体管收音机产量增加了五倍。,It is demonstrated that the conductivity of silver is higher than that,of cipper.,已经证实银导电率比铜导电率高。,这类句型还有:,It is reported/supposed/must be admitted/pointed out that,据报道/据推测/必须认可/必须指出,It is believed/generally considered/well-known that,有些人相信/大家认为/众所周知,8/17,被动语态翻译准则和方法,(3)当被动语态中主语为无生命名词或由 under、in、,on 等少数几个介词短语组成时,译成主动句。,That computer is under repair.,那台计算机正在修理。,A new design method is on trial.,这种新设计方法正在试用。,This kind of electronic equipment is in great demand.,这种电子设备需求量很大。,The plan is being carried out.,计划正在实施。,9/17,被动语态翻译准则和方法,(4)当 need、want、require 等动词后接主动形式动名,词,表示被动意义时,译成主动句。,This device needs repairing.,这套设备需要修理。,This phenomenon is worth mentioning.,这一现象值得一提。,10/17,被动语态翻译准则和方法,2.译成汉语被动句。,(1)译成显著“被”字句,通常带有“by+动作发出者”或“bealled”。,The number of TTL devices that one TTL output will drive is called,anout.,一个 TTL输出所能驱动 TTL装置数量被称为输出能力。Gears are used in place of belt drivers and other forms of friction,rivers.,齿轮(传动)被用来代替带传动及其它一些摩擦传动形势。,In this case,the molecule is polarized by the field.,扎起这种情况下,该分子被场极化了。,11/17,被动语态翻译准则和方法,(2)译成“由、由组成、用、用于”等,通常带有,“be made up,of”、“be composed of”、“be used in/to”。,The magnetic field is produced by an electric current.,磁场由电流产生。,Usually alloy is composed of a base metal(the,largest part of the,alloy)and a smaller amount of other metals.,通常,合金由一个贱金属(合金中最多那部分)和少许其它金属组成。,They are used to support and position a shaft and to reduce the,friction created by the rotating part,particularly when under load.,它们用于轴支承、定位,并降低由转动件带来摩擦,尤其是在,载荷作用下。,12/17,被动语态翻译准则和方法,(3)译成判断句式“是”。假如英语句子本身所强调是与某一,静态动作相关详细情况,如时间、地点、方式、方法等;或着重说一,件事情是“怎样做”、“什么时候、什么地点做”等,这时我们就能够把,这些情况放在“是”这种判断句式中,使之突出。这种判断句式能,够清楚地表示作者意图和客观事实。,Everything in the world is built up from atoms.,世间万物都是由原子组成。,The AIDS virus was found in human white blood cells in 1983.,艾滋病病毒是 1983 年在人体白血球内发觉。,Iron is extracted form the ore of the blast furnace.,铁是用高炉从铁矿中提炼出来。,13/17,被动语态翻译准则和方法,(4)在谓语动词前面添加“给予”、“加以”、“受到”、“得以”等词。,The translation technique should be paid enough attention to.,翻译技巧应给予足够重视。,Other mistakes of this dictionary will be corrected in the next,edition.,这本辞典其它错误将在下一版中给予修正。,Coal and oil are the remains of plants and animals.Crude mineralores and,crude oil must be purified before they can be used.,煤和石油是动植物残骸。原矿石和原油必须加以精炼才能使用。,The temperature must be controlled to produce the desired qualities,in the,steel.,为了得到(人们)想要性能,热处理时钢温度必须加以控制。,Technology have been rapidly developed because of the discovery of,electricity.,因为电发觉,科学技术得以快速发展。,Teachers should be respected.,教师应受到尊重。,14/17,被动语态翻译准则和方法,3.译成汉语无主句。,当无法知道或无法说出动作发出者时,往往能够把英语被动语态译,成汉语无主句。,To get all the stages off the ground,a first big push is needed.,为了使火箭各级全部离开地面,需要有一个巨大第一推进力。,Work is done,when an object is lifted.,当举起一个物体时,就做了功。,Attention must be paid to safety in handling radio active materials.,处理放射性材料时必须注意安全。,15/17,被动语态翻译准则和方法,总之,英语中被动语态翻译不能一概采取所谓“语言等值”顺译法,而必须依据汉语语法和习惯,发挥汉语优势,用规范化汉语表示方,式,忠实而恰当地反应出原作语言真实涵义,使译文形式与原文内容,辨证地统一起来,才能收到良好翻译效果。,16/17,谢谢,观赏,Make Presentation much more fun,17/17,