人教版新目标八年级下册-unit-8-复习.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,重点句型,Why dont sb.do,sth,.?,2.How about,结构,3.tooto,结构,【,重点词汇,】,1.improve,作不及物动词，表示“改进，改善”例如：,His work is improving slowly.,他的工作提高得很慢。,His health is improving.,他的健康正在好转。,也可作及物动词，表示“使某物改进，改善”。,例如：,He studies harder to improve his English.他更加努力提高英语水平了。,This is not good enough.I want to improve it.这还不够好，我要加以改进。,2.remember v.记住，记起,I cant remember your name.我记不起你的名字。,As far as I can remember，this is the third time weve met.我记得这是我们第三次会面了。,remember doing sth表示“记得做某事”；动名词doing具有完成的意义,I remember taking(having taken)the medicine at the right time.,我记得已按时服过药了。（吃过了）,remember to do sth表示“记住去做某事”；不定式to do表示未做的动作,I remember to take the medicine at the right time.我记住要按照服药。（还没吃）,3.tooto，这个短语虽然是肯定的形式，但是表达的是否定的意思：“太以至于（不能）”。如：,He is too old to work.他太老了，不能工作了。,The box is too heavy for the little girl to carry.这箱子太重，小女孩搬不动。,如在too前面或者后面有否定词not，则整个句子表达肯定。如：,This question is not too difficult to answer.这道题不太难回答。,He is too clever not to see that.他很聪明，不会不懂这一点。,4.spendon在上花（时间或金钱）如：,He spends a lot of money on books.他花许多钱买书。,I spend half an hour on my homework every day.我每天要花费半小时做作业。,I always spend weekends with my family.我经常和我的家人一起过周末。,spend(in)doingsth.花(时间或金钱等)做某事。如：,The government will spend money looking after the patients.政府要花钱去照料那些病人,Dont touch that pot；its very hot.不要摸那口锅，它很烫。,常用短语：,in touch with有联系；对某事熟悉,lose touch 失去联系，停止联系,out of touch 无联系；生疏,7.native 本地的，本族的，本国的,Chinese is our native language.汉语是我们的母语。,Its a native fruit.这是一种当地产的水果。,ones native country/land 本国，祖国,native place 出生地,ones native language 本国语，本族语,反义词：foreign 外国的；外交的；外国产的；外来的,8.increase 增加，增大，增多,Travel increases ones knowledge of the world.旅游提高一个人对世界的认识。,He increased the size of his farm year by year.他逐年扩大他的农场规模。,The population of this town has increased by,5 percent.这个镇的人口已经增长了5%。常用短语：increase by 增加了,increase to 增加到,9.support 支持；继续；养活,He has a large family to support.他有一大家子人要养活。,He was supported home by the man.他被那个人扶回了家。,support还可作名词，表示“拥护；支持”,There is strong public support for the change.公众大力支持这一变革。,10.enough意为“充足，足够”,enough作副词，可用于修饰形容词、副词、动词等，通常置于被修饰语之后。,I dont know him well enough to ask him for help.我和他不够熟悉，不好请他帮忙。,This room is big enough for five of us to live in.这房间给我们5个人住够大了。,enough还可作形容词，用于修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，置于名词前或后均可。,Do you have enough time?你的时间够用吗？,We have money enough to buy the house.我们有足够的钱买这所房子。,11.take care of 表示“照顾，照料，爱惜”是及物的动词短语。,During the illness of their mother the children were taken care of by a neighbor.,在孩子们的母亲患病期间，他们由一位邻居照顾。,A good car should last you a long time if you take care of it.如果你爱惜的话，一部好汽车会让你长时间使用。,She ought to take care of her health more than she does.她该比现在更注意健康。,【重难点分析】,1.Why dont you do sth.?,这是给别人提建议，建议某人做什么事情的句型。如：,Why dont we come more often?咱们为什么不经常来这里呢?,Why dont you do it this way?为什么不用这种方法做呢?,Why dont you have another try?为什么不再试一次呢?,Why dont you buy a book for your father?给你爸爸买本书怎么样？,这个句子还可以写成Why not do?如：,Why not get her a camera?为什么不给她买个相机呢？,这个句型还有发出礼貌地邀请的用法。如：,Why dont you have a drink of tea?请喝茶。=Why not have a drink of tea?,2.How/What about?表示“怎么样/好吗？”,这个句型是询问听话这一方对某事物的看法或者意见。about是个介词，它后面要接名词或者doing。如：,How about his playing football?他足球踢得怎么样？,What about swimming with us?和我们一起游泳怎么样？,How about her English?她的英语怎样？,3.When did Joe get it?乔是什么时候收到的礼物？,On his sixth birthday.在他6岁生日时。,(1)on ones birthday表示“在某人的岁生日时”，要用序数词。,On his tenth birthday，his parents gave him a new bike as birthday present.,在他10岁生日那天，他的父母给他买了一辆新的自行车作为生日礼物。,(2)介词on表示“在具体的某一天或某一天的上、下午”。,We will have a party on Christmas Day.圣诞节那天，我们将要举行一个晚会。,4.Is it someone in your family?是你家里的什么人吗?,句中it用来确指身份不明的人。如,-Who is it?是谁呀?,-Its me，Mary是我，玛丽。,Who is at the door?谁在门口?,-Its the postman是邮递员。(主语是who，身份不明，故用it指代),Mr Smith is at the doorHe wants to see you,史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。(主语是Mr Smith，身份明确，故用he指代),5.The movie was boring，I fell asleep half way through it.这部电影令人厌烦。在放映了一半时我就睡着了。,(1)boring表示“令人厌烦的”，bored表示“厌烦的”,The book was boring.When he read the book，he felt bored.这本书很令人厌烦。当他读的时候，觉得很烦。,bored在这里是过去分词作形容词用，许多动词的现在分词和过去分词均可作形容词，区别在于过去分词有被动意味，常指“对感到”，主语通常是“人”，后面多接介词；而现在分词有主动意味，指“使人的”，常用作表语，而主语通常是“物”。例如：,He is interested in science.他对科学很感兴趣。,The story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。,I was surprised at his answer.我对他的回答感到吃惊。,The result is surprising结果使人吃惊。,(2)fall asleep意为“睡着了”，fall是连系动词，asleep是形容词，作表语。,When he was reading，he fell asleep.他看书时睡着了。,6.In the USA，some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buying them gifts.在美国，一些人要求他们的家人和朋友把钱捐给慈善机构而不是给他们买礼物。,(1)本句中两个to，第一个to为不定式符号，后为动词原形，第二个to作介词。例如：,The teacher asked me to take the books to the classroom老师让我把书拿到教室里去。,(2)rather than表示“与其(不如)，不是(而是)”是连词词组，当主句有动词不定式，rather than后可接不带to的动词不定式，也可以用动名词形式。例如：,Things fall to the earth rather than go up into the air东西落到地面上而不是飞向天空。,These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty 这些鞋子谈不上漂亮但穿起来很舒服。,I rather than you，should do the work该做这工作的是我，而不是你。,I think Ill have a cold drink rather than milk.我想喝冷饮，不想喝牛奶。,The color seems like yellow rather than green.这颜色看上去更像黄色而不像绿色。,7.People dont,need,to,spend,too much money.,人们不需要花费太多的钱。,(1)need在本句中作实义动词，表示“需要”，有人称、数和时态的变化，其后常接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。,Do you need any help?你需要帮助吗？（名词I can give you some help.Do you need it?我可以帮助你，你需要吗？（代词）,I need to go right now你需要现在就走。（不定式）,need表示“必须”，还可作情态动词，没有人称、数和时态的变化，接动词原形作谓语，直接加not构成否定形式。只用在否定句和疑问句中。,例如：I neednt finish that work today.,我今天不必把那项工作做完。,Need you go right now?你一定得现在走吗？,(2)too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。There is too much time left.还剩下太多的时间。,8.Later，the same gift may be given away to someone else后来，同样的礼品可能被赠送给别人。,该句为含有情态动词的被动语态。give away表示“赠送，捐赠”是固定的短语动词。,例如：He has decided to give all his money away to charity.他已决定把所有的钱都捐赠给慈善机构。,Ive given the books away to a library.,我已经把那些书捐赠给一家图书馆。,Her little boy had cried so heavily when they had given the dog away.,他们把狗送给别人时，她的小儿子哭得很厉害。,They are giving away free toys when you spend more than$30 in the store.,如果你在那家商店消费超过30美元，他们免费赠送玩具。,9.Twenty-four singers from across China recently competed by singing a number of popular English songs来自全中国的24名歌手最近通过唱若干首流行英语歌曲来比赛。,(1)句中“by+动名词”表示“通过某种方式或手段”，在句中作方式状语。,I did not think she would do any good by coming over.我认为她过来不会有什么好处。,There is nothing to gain by waiting.等待将一无所获。,He taught himself to play the violin by practising all night.通过整夜练习他自学拉小提琴。,(2)a number of表示“许多，大量，若干”是量词词组，其后只跟可数名词。,The parents were invited to see the program，and a number“people came，too,父母应邀来看节目，不少人也来了。,There were a number of people out this afternoon今天下午许多人出去了。,A number of accidents always occur on such days在这种日子里常常有事故发生。,10.If there were new words in a song，I looked them up in the dictionary.如果在歌曲里有生词，我就查字典。,这是一个含有条件状语从句的主从复合句。主句中look up表示“(在词典、书籍中)查找”。,按照英语习惯用法，“查字典”为look up the words in the dictionary，不说look up the dictionary。另外，look up是“动副”结构的及物的短语动词，名词作宾语置于副词前后皆可，代词作宾语要置于副词之前。,If you dont know the meaning of a word，look it up in a good dictionary,如果你不知道一个词的意义，就去查一本好词典。,Will you look up a train for me in the timetable?,你可不可以帮我在行车时刻表中查找一个列车车次?,11.As you go to your home by the ocean may you never forget those sweet hours that we spent in the Red River Valley and the love we exchanged mid the flowers当你通过海洋到你家时，祝你永远不会忘记我们一起在红河谷度过的那些甜蜜时光以及我们一起在花丛中交换的爱情。,这是一个含有时间状语从句的主从复合句，主句中又含有两个定语从句。hours和love既在主句中作forget的并列宾语，又分别是其后定语从句所修饰的先行词。在前一个定语从句中，关系代词that既引导定语从句，又在从句中作spent的宾语；在第二个定语从句的主语we前，省略了既引导定语从句，又在从句中作exchanged宾语的关系代词that或which。主句中may用倒装语序表示祝愿。例如：,May you succeed!祝你成功!,May you be happy!祝你幸福!,May God bless you!愿上帝保佑你!,as用作连接词表示时间关系，用来引导时间状语从句，意思也是“当的时候”，往往可与when或while通用，但它着重指主句和从句中的动作或事情相并发生。例如：,I saw him as he was getting off the bus当他下公共汽车时，我看见了他。,As he walked on，he felt himself getting more and more tired.他继续往前走的时候，感到越来越疲乏。,As the day went on，the weather got worse随着时间的推移，天气变得更糟。,I was coming in as he was going out.我进来时他正出去。,My pen trembles as I write it.我一边写，笔一边颤抖。,Helen heard the story as she washed.海伦洗衣服的时候听到这个故事。,As I left the house I remembered the key.当我们离开房间的时候，我想起了钥匙。,【词语辨析】,1.spend，cost，take，pay表“花费”,(1)spend的主语必须是“人”，宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等 如：,He spends much money on books 他平时将很多钱用在买书上。,He spent a lot of money（in）buying a new car他花很多钱买了一辆新车。,(2)cost的主语必须是“物”或“事”，表示“费用”、“耗费”，后接life，money，health，time等，侧重于“花费”的代价。如：,The book cost him one dollar 这本书用了他一美元。,It costs you 12 pounds to go to London by ship乘船到伦敦要用12英镑。,(3)take表示“花费”时，其主语一般是“一件事”，有时主语也可以是人，它说明事情完成“花费了”。如：,It took me ten minutes to go to the post office到邮局用用了我十分钟时间。,It takes a lot of money to buy a house as big as that 买一座像那样的房子要花很多钱。,(4)pay的基本意思是“支付”，作为及物动词，宾语可以是“人”、钱”，如：,He paid the taxi and hurried to the station他付了出租车的钱，急忙向车站赶去。,They had to pay two hundred francs他得付一百法郎。,Well pay you in a few days几天后我会给你钱。,(5)pay for的宾语为“物”、“事”，for表示支付的原因。如：,Youll have to pay me ten dollars a week for your meals 你得每周付给我十美元饭钱。,注意：下面两句中 pay for的意义不同。,Of course we have to pay for what we buy 当然我们买东西得付钱。,Dont worry about money；Ill pay for you别担心钱，我会替你付的。,2.other与else两者都有“别的，其他的”的含义，但用法有区别：,(1)other是形容词，用于名词的前面；else作副词或形容词用时，常修饰不定代词或疑问代词，并置于其后。,Some are playing football.Other students(或用代词Others)are watching.,一些学生在踢足球，其他的学生在观看。,What else can you see in the classroom?在教室里你还能看见其他的什么东西？,(2)other与else有时可相互转换。,He is taller than any other student in his class.,=He is taller than anybody else in his class.他比班里的其他学生都要高。,What else can you see?=What other things can you see?你还能看见其他东西吗？,3receive与accept两者都做“收到”讲，但具体含义有所不同。,(1)receive的意思是“接到”“收到”“受到”。它指“接”“收”的动作或事实，并不包含接收者本人是否“接受”的意思。,I received a letter from my mother.我收到了母亲的一封信。,We received a warm welcome there.我们在那里受到了热烈的欢迎。,(2)accept的意思是“接受”“领受”“承认”“接纳”。指经过考虑，同意或愿意接受强调“收到”的结果是“接受”了。,We received the present，but we did not accept it.我们收到了那份礼物，但没有接受它。,He accepted the invitation with pleasure.他愉快地接受了邀请。,So much for today,