grammar语法市公开课特等奖市赛课微课一等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 1 Module 4,Grammar and usage,To-infinitive,and,Verb-ing form as a noun,第1页,Part 1,To-infinitive,第2页,不定式在句子中能够充当哪些成份？,1、作,主语,To run,is a good habit.(=It is a good habit to run.),2、作,表语,Our plan is,to build a bridge,over the river.,3、作,宾语,I want,to buy,a dictionary.,4、作,定语,He has a chance,to go abroad.,5、作,状语,To finish the work,he had to get up early.,6、作,补语,I ask us,to help him,.,第3页,*不定式作主语常见句型：,a)It is+adj.(easy,important,necessary,difficult,)+不定式,b)It is+n.(a pity,a pleasure,ones duty,a shame)+不定式,c)It takes/needs/requires+some time(hours,months,days,patience,)+不定式,It requires patience to,be a good teacher.,“,Its my duty to,teach you how to use this library.”said the librarian.,第4页,*,不定式做表语,（,to do as a predictive）,Our most important task now is,to make a plan,.,当句子主语是,hope,wish,aim,idea,policy,question,suggestion,task,duty,job,purpose等或者主语是,what引导名词性从句,时，后面能够,用不定式做表语,说明主语所包含内容。,注：,作表语不定式都带to，但当主语部分有实义动词do时，to能够省略。,Now the only thing we can,do,is,wait,.,The first thing she did was run to her coach to say thanks.,eg.,第5页,*不定式做宾语（to do as an object）,eg.The cat said“Remember,not to take it,next time!”(Tips:,不定式否定:,not to do,),1)能够直接用不定式作宾语动词很多，如,agree,afford,tend,ask,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,learn,intend,manage,offer,plan,promise,refuse,want,wish,年天津卷12题：I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody,but the managers plan is unfair.,A.to sound B.to be sounded C.sounding D.to have sounded,第6页,只有少数介词如,but,except,besides,等后面能够跟不定式作宾语.,但,假如but 或 except 所在句子里谓语动词含有do,does,did 时，通常省略to,。,We have no choice but,_,.,We can,do,nothing but,_,.(wait),to wait,wait,注意,：,第7页,*不定式做宾语补足语 （,to do,as an object complement）,You should get them,to help you,.,(They will help you.),They believed him,to be honest,.,(He was honest.),(惯用于此结构动词有:,get,ask,force,order,tell,invite,allow,wish,want,like,expect,advise,beg等,。,),*但在谓语动词,believe,find,think,feel,consider,suppose,imagine,prove,等后面 跟to be作宾补,不跟to do,第8页,Tips:,有些动词后面须接,不带to,不定式做宾语补足语,惯用动词有:,make,let,have,see;hear,watch,notice,feel;look at,listen to;help,observe,等,不过句子变成被动语态后,不定式成为句子主语补足语,需带to.,第9页,The boss,made,her,work,long hours.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾补,She,主语,was made,谓语,to work,主补,long hours(by her boss).,第10页,全国卷(I)No.18,While watching television,_.,A.The doorbell rang,B.The doorbell rings,C.We heard the doorbell ring,D.We heard the doorbell rings,福建卷No.23,If anyone happens to drop in while Im out,_ him or her leave a message.,A.have B.get C.ask D.tell,第11页,She told me _(be)cheerful and _(look)on the bright side.,We had nothing _(do)but _(watch)TV.,to be,look,to do,watch,Tips:,当两个不定式,and,or,expect,but,than或rather than,连接起来时，第二个不定式,符号省略。,第12页,5.to do as an attributive,能带不定式作宾语动词其同源名词能够带不定式作定语。常见有,attempt,decision,promise,plan等,He has not kept his promise _(write)to his parents regularly.,不定式能够在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。以下几类情况惯用不定式作定语：,She made a decision _(go)abroad for a year.,to write,to go,第13页,常与不定式搭配形容词，其,同源名词普通能够用不定式作定语。,常见有ability,determination,anxiety,eagerness等,His eagerness to finish his,homework was quite clear.,序数词,形容词最高级或被only,last,next等修饰名词能够用不定式作定语。,She was the only person to survive after the earthquake.,第14页,Tips:,不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰名词有意义上,主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系，假如该不定式是不及物动词，它后面需要加上适当介词,。,Hes always the first to come and,the last to leave.(=The first comes and the last leaves.)(,主谓关系,),I have no time to listen to your excuse.(,同位关系,),She has a meeting to attend.（=attend a meeting),Theres nothing to worry,about,.(=worry about nothing)(,动宾关系,),第15页,*to do as an adverbial,不定式作状语，,表示目标、结果、原因、条件等。,so as to,(不能放句首,),to,in order to,作目标状语,年辽宁卷22题：All these gifts must be mailed,immediately _ in time for Christmas.,in order to have received B.in order to receive,C.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving,在soas to,suchas to,only to 结构中不定式作结果状语，其中only to用于表示意想不到结果。,He hurried to the station only _ that the train had gone.,A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found,第16页,enough to,tooto结构,The boy isnt old enough to go to school.,=The boy is too young to go to school.,形容词（glad,happy,lucky,fortunate,surprised,angry,anxious,ready,quick,slow,cruel,clever等）+不定式结构作原因,状语,Im glad to meet you.,第17页,*不定式 作插入语,，用来说明说话人,态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，,如to be frank（坦白地说），to be sure（确实）等。,To tell you the truth,I hate you.,The order,to start the general attack,soon came.,第18页,不定式复合结构:,以it为形式主语或形式宾语引导复合结构，如前面形容词指行为性质就用：,for sb.to do sth.,这种复合结构在句中可作主、表、宾、定、状等。,It is necessary,for us,to go there.(主语),There is no need,for him,to leave,.(定语),My suggestion is,for you,to do the job.(表语),第19页,假如该形容词是指行为性质，同时又指行为人，则用,of sb.to do sth.,。这种句式中惯用形容词有：right,wrong,brave,careful,careless,clever,wise,stupid,cruel,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,silly等。,Its very kind,of you,to come to see me.,It was foolish,of him,to believe her.,I think it wise,of her,not to accept their offer.,第20页,Tips:连接代（副）词+不定式包含,whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how,（,不包含,why/if），在句中起名词作用，通常跟在tell,know,show,decide,learn,wonder,explain等动词后作主、宾或表语。,No one can tell me,where to,find John.,When to,the exam is still unknown.,The problem is,how to,get enough money.,第21页,动词不定式形式,John said that he had run in order,to catch,the bus.,（普通式主动态）He hated,to be misunderstood,by others.,(普通式被动态)He pretended,to be listening,attentively.,(进行式),第22页,He intended,to have told,you that.,(完成式主动态)This work of art seemed,to have been created,long ago.,(完成式被动态)Were happy,to have been working,with you.,(完成进行式),第23页,不定式完成式：to have+V-ed,组成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。,年江苏卷No.25,-Is Bob still performing?,-Im afraid not.He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.,A.to have left B.to leave,C.to have been D.to be left,第24页,年四川卷No.26,The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in.,A.hold B.holding C.held D.to be held,The book is said,to have been translated,into many languages.,当不定式逻辑主语是不定式所表示,动作承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。,不定式被动式分为普通式被动to be V-ed和完成式被动to have been V-ed,第25页,The question is difficult,to answer,.,=The question is difficult for me to answer.,=It is difficult for me to answer the question.,He is hard,to get along with,.,=It is hard to get along with him.,第26页,用动词不定式翻译以下各句并指出功效,1.是否执行该计划还没有讨论.,2.为了使自己被听明白,他举了个简单例子来阐述该关键点.,3.当妈妈进来时他假装正在复习功课.,4.他慌忙赶到火车站结果却发觉那趟车已经开走了.,Whether to carry,out the plan hasnt been discussed yet.,To make,himself understood,he gave an example to illustrate his point.,He pretended,to be going,over his lessons when his mother came in.,He hurried to the station,only,to find,the train had already left.,第27页,5.你任务就是校对这篇文章并指犯错误.,6.他给了儿子一张纸画.,7.这个问题极难回答.,8.有些人看见他在谋杀案发生前进入那栋楼.,Your task is,to proofread,the article and,point,out any mistakes in it.,He gave his son a piece of paper,to draw,on.,The question is hard,to answer,.Its hard for the question,to be answered,.,He was seen,to enter,the building before the murder happened/was committed.,第28页,Part 2,Verb-ing form as a noun,第29页,1、,主语,Nodding,the head means agreement,.,点头表示同意。,2、,宾语,Would you mind my,closing,the windows?,3、,表语,His job is,selling,newspapers.,4,、,定语,This is a,swimming,pool,.,V-ing在句子当中能够充当哪些成份？,5.补语,He kept me,waiting,so long.,6.,状语,Walking,in the street,I met my teacher.,第30页,作主语，能够直接放在句首，也能够用先行代词it作为形式主语，而把动名词后置。,Seeing is believing.(眼见为实),Collecting stamps,is,a good hobby.,(单个动名词短语作主语时，动词用单数),第31页,动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法：,It is no use(good)+动名词,：做某事没用(不好),Its no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收),Its no good spitting in public.,There is no+动名词,(=It is impossible to do sth.),There is no knowing what may happen.（未来事无法知道）,第32页,年上海卷No.32,He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he could not risk _ the good opportunity.A.to lose B.losing C.to be lost D.being lost,年北京卷No.35.,I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _ talking while she works.A.working;stopping,B.to work;stopping C.working;to stop,D.To work;to stop,第33页,作宾语,A.作及物动词宾语,(stand,admit,dislike,imagine,delay,consider,mind,understand,avoid,enjoy,practise,miss,finish,keep,suggest,appreciate,),年江苏卷N0.32,-There is a story here in the paper,about a 110-year-old man.,-My goodness!I cant imagine _ that old.,A.to be B.to have been C.being D.having been,第34页,Tips,:有些动词（continue,prefer,begin,hate,like,start,love）后面既能够接不定式作宾语，也能够接动名词作宾语，意义差异不大。通常认为用动名词泛指普通倾向性，用不定式则表示特定或详细某一个动作。,I,like swimming,but I dont,like to swim,in winter,.,I,prefer to,drive,rather than,to be driven.,I,prefer,driving,to,riding.,第35页,年北京卷No.30,When asked by police,he said that,he remembered _ at the party,but not _.,A.to arrive,leaving B.to arrive,to leave,C.arriving,leaving D.arriving,to leave,第36页,B.作介词宾语,年浙江卷No.3,The president spoke at the business,meeting for nearly an hour without _ his notes.A.bringing up B.referring to,C.looking for D.trying on,be used to doing,习惯于做；,look forward to doing,期望做；,devote ones life to doing,致力于做；,spend time(in)doing,花时间做；,be fond of doing,喜爱做；,be good at doing,擅长做；,be proud of doing,为做而自豪；,be tired of doing,对做感到厌倦；,feel like doing,欲想做；,第37页,go on doing,继续做（原来事）；,keep on doing,不停地做；,what about doing,做怎么样；,think of doing,考虑做；,be interested in doing,对做感兴趣；,have some difficulty/trouble(in)doing,做某事有困难；,be busy(in)doing,忙于做；,instead of doing,做而不做,年江苏卷No.23,Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _ jokes.,A.turning up B.putting up,C.making up D.showing up,第38页,作定语,动名词可作前置定语，表示所修饰词用途或目标，可用for改写；而现在分词作定语时，可用定语从句改写。,swimming pool,waiting room,walking stick,a sleeping bag =a bagfor sleeping,a sleeping child=a child,who is sleeping,第39页,作同位语,Thats the queens full-time job,laying eggs.,这就是蚁后专职员作产卵。,2动名词逻辑主语,Do you mind my/me smoking here?,His coming made me very happy.,第40页,现在分词形式,He sat in a chair,reading,a novel.,(普通式主动态),Being exhausted,by work,he fell asleep quickly.(普通式被动态),Having finished,his homework,he went playing.(完成式主动态),All this,having been settled,he went home.(完成式被动态),第41页,In order to improve English,_,A.Jennys father bought her a lot of tapes,B.Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself,C.a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny,D.a lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father,Fishing is his favorite hobby,and_.,hed like to collect coins,too.,B.he feels like collecting coins,too,C.to collect coins is also his hobby,D.collecting coins also gives him great pleasure.,B,D,第42页,用动名词翻译以下各句,1.与他人友好相处很主要因为你工作中需要合作精神.,2.计划成功取决于你提供大量资金.,3.据我所知安眠药不能长久服用,不然你会上瘾.,4.他在战争中差点被打死(escape/miss).,第43页,5.我简直无法想象他被捉弄成那样.,6.他太固执了,劝他改变主意没用.,7.新定单意味着你要加班,但我不是有意处罚你.,8.你作文需要修改方便你能在竞赛里获奖.,第44页,