中考英语复习--语法知识盘点-第1讲-名词市赛课公开课一等奖省名师优质课获奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第一部分语法知识盘点,第,1,讲,名词,第1页,一、依据句意及汉语提醒完成句子。,1.He has a special _(能力)to write with two hands at,the same time.,ability,speech,development,2.David is always confident enough to make a _(演,讲)in front of many people.,tomatoes,subject,3.Doctors say that too much pressure is not good for a childs,_(发展).,4.Grandma went to the market and bought some meat,eggs,and _(西红柿)for lunch.,5.My favorite _(科目)is English.,第2页,二、用括号内所给单词适当形式填空。,1.We will go to senior high school in two _(month),time.,months,cities,photos,2.How many _(city)have you been to?,3.My grandma is interested in taking _(photo)with,her mobile phone.,couples,differences,4.Xijin Ferry(西津渡)is one of new _(couple),favourite places to take their wedding pictures.,5.Therere some _(different)between them.,第3页,考情透析：,在广东省中考英语试卷中，名词部分主要考查,是名词数改变,(,尤其是可数名词复数不规则改变,)、可,数名词与不可数名词区分、名词全部格使用方法及名词词义,辨析等。就近三年广东省中考英语试题来,看，单项填空题主要,是考查名词单复数和名词全部格，完形填空题主要考查词义辨,析，短文填空题主要考查名词使用方法。,第4页,可数名词,不可数名词,分单、复数两,种形式,deskdesks,busbuses,没有复数形式,tea,meat,前面可用基,数词、不定冠,词修饰,three boys,an orange,不能够被基数词和不,定冠词直接修饰，若,表示数量可用“量词,不可数名词”,a piece of paper,two cups of tea,可数名词,复数前可用,many，some，,any 修饰,many teachers,some friends,可用 much，some，any,修饰,much bread,some milk,可数名词和不可数名词,第5页,注意：,有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但意义,有所不一样。如：,work(,工作,)a wo,rk(,著作,),glass(,玻璃,)a glass(,玻璃杯,),paper(,纸,)a pap,er(,报纸；文件；试卷,),tea(,茶,)a tea(,一个茶,)(,表示种类,),wood(,木头,)a wood(,小树林,),room(,空间,)a room(,房间,),chicken(,鸡肉,)a chick,en(,小鸡,),第6页,light(,光，光线,)a lig,ht(,电灯,),fish(,鱼肉,)fish,es(,各种各样鱼,),exercise(,锻炼，运动,)exercise,s(,习题,),life(,生活,)lives(,生命,),orange(,橘子汁,)an ora,nge(,橘子,),time(,时间,)times(,倍,/,次数,),hand(,帮助,)a hand(,手,),radio(,无线电,)a rad,io(,收音机,),第7页,情况,组成方法,例词,普通名词,加-s,capcaps dogdogs,以 s，x，sh，ch 等,结尾词,加-es,busbuses boxboxes,wishwishes watchwatches,以辅音字母,y”结尾词,变 y 为 i，再加-es,familyfamilies storystories,以 f 或 fe 结尾词,普通变 f 或 fe 为,v，再加-es,leafleaves lifelives,wifewives,以 o 结尾词,o 前为辅音音素,时加-es，o 前为,元音音素时加-s,tomatotomatoes heroheroes,radioradios,例外：photophotos,pianopianos,可数名词复数形式,第8页,情况,组成方法,例词,复合,名词,后一个词变,为复数,tooth-brushtooth-brushes film-goerfilm-goers,两部分都变,复数,man doctormen doctors woman teacherwomen,teachers,特殊,名词,改变内部元,音字母,footfeet toothteeth manmen,mousemice,词尾加-ren,childchildren,单复数同形,ChineseChinese sheepsheep deerdeer,meansmeans,(续表),第9页,注意：,1.,“,数词,名词形容词,”,组成复合形容词，中,间名词须用单数形式。如：,five-year-old 5,岁大,a five-pound note,一张,5 英镑纸币,a six-fo,ot-deep hole,一个,6 英尺深洞,a ten-story-high building,一幢,10 层高楼房,a two-inch-thic,k dictionary,一本,2 英寸厚字典,第10页,2.,以,-s,结尾,名词，有作单数使用，有作复数使用。,(1),以,-s,结尾学科类名词，普通是不可数名词。如：,maths，,physics,，,politic,s,等。,(2),表示由两部分组成物体名词，其形式上可数，若表,达详细数目时，要借助量词,(,如：,pair)来表示，其单复数形式取,决于量词单复数形式。如：a pair o,f trousers,一条裤子,(3),以复数形式出现书名、剧名、报纸,、杂志名词，看作,单数名词。如：,The New York Times,(,纽约时报,),；,The,Arabian Nights,(,一千零一夜,),第11页,(4),以,-s 结尾表示,国家、组织或企业名称专有名词，通常,被看作单数。如：,the United States(,美利坚合众国,),；,the United,Nations(,联合国,),(5),以,-s 结尾表示,群岛、山脉、瀑布等自然景观专有名词，,通常被看作复数。如：,the Huangguoshu Falls(,黄果树瀑布,),；,the,Olympic Games(,奥林匹克运动会,),3.,集体名词以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如：,po,lice,people,class,family,team,group,cattle,等。集体名词强调每一个个体成,员时，是复数,概念，做主语时谓语动词用复数形式；假如强调,整个团体，则视为单数概念；做主语时谓语动词用单数形式。,第12页,类型,英语,汉译,例词,个数单,位词,piece,张；片；块,a piece of advice two pieces of advice,drop,滴,a drop of ink three drops of ink,pile,堆,a pile of wood four piles of wood,容器单,位词cup,杯,a cup of coffee seven cups of coffee,glass,(玻璃)杯,a glass of milk eight glasses of milk,bottle,瓶,a bottle of juice nine bottles of juice,box,盒；箱,a box of chalk ten boxes of chalk,bag,袋,a bag of flour eleven bags of flour,度量衡,单位词,pound,磅,a pound of meat fourteen pounds of meat,kilo,千克,a kilo of oil two kilos of oil,不可数名词计量,不可数名词数量要借助一个量词来表示，其结构为,“,数,词/冠词量词of不可数名词,”,。量词是可数名词且数词大,于 1 时，量词需变为复数形式。以下表：,第13页,注意：,1.,不可数名词不能与,a/an 或者数词直接连用，但特,指某物时可与,the,连用。,2.,不可数名词表示数量时，可用,a,lot of/lots of,much,little,a,little,some,any,no,等修饰。如：,I want some water.,我想要一些水。,3.,常考不可数名词有：,ad,vice(,提议,),furniture(,家俱,),fun,(,乐趣,),information(,信息,),paper(,纸,),news(,新闻,),progress(进,步),weather(,天气,),money(,钱,)等。,第14页,类型,组成方法,例词,有生命名词,(人或动物),在词尾加,“,s,”,Toms book the girls ear-ring,the dogs ears the heros name,以 s，es 结尾复,数名词只加“”,the students desks,the teachers office,不以(e)s 结尾,复数名词加“s”,mens clothes Childrens Day,Womens Day sheeps wool,无生命,名词,时间、世,界、国家、,城市等,普通在词尾加“s”,Chinas capital,the worlds population,todays news,其它,普通用 of 结构,a map of the world the legs of,the table a way of life,名词全部格,第15页,注意：,1.,用,and 连接两个并列名,词全部格：,(1),当,and,连接两个,并列单数名词表示共相关系时，只,在最终一个名词后加,“s”,。如：,Mary and her sisters bedroom,玛丽和她姐姐共有卧室,Lily and Lucys mother,莉莉和露西妈妈,(2),当,and,连接两个,并列名词表示分别拥有各自物品,时，两个名词都在词尾加,“s”,表示所相关系。如：,Toms and Marys bags,汤姆和玛丽他们各自包,第16页,2.,表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在表示职业,名词或是姓氏后加上,“s”,代表场所。如：,a tailors,裁缝铺；,a barbers,剪发店；,a doctors,诊所；,my,sisters,我姐姐家；,a stationers,文具店；,Chaplins,卓别林家,3.,双重全部格,“,全部物,of,s,结构,”,或,“,全部物,of,名词性物主代词,”,。如：,a friend of my fathers,我父亲一个朋友,a pen of mine,我一支钢笔,第17页,附：广东省中考英语常考名词短语,best friend,最好朋友,family tree,家谱,half an hour,半小时,high school,中学,long jump,跳远,theme park,主题公园,primary school,小学,railway station,火车站,family name,姓,full name,全名,healthy eating,健康饮食,high jump,跳高,mobile phone,可移动电话,pen friend,笔友,place of interest,名胜古迹,table tennis,乒乓球,第18页,digital camera,数码相机,junk food,垃圾食品,pocket money,零用钱,nature reserve,自然保护区,summer camp,夏令营,finishing line,终点线,Spring Festival,春节,swimming pool,游泳池,phone number,电话号码,第19页,1.The broken _ may cut into your hand if you touch,it.You should be careful.(,年广东,),A.glass,C.candle,点拨,选,A,B.glasses,D.candles,考查可数名词单复数。句意：假如你触摸坏,了玻璃杯，它可能会划伤你手。你应该小心。,glass,玻璃；,玻璃杯；,glasses,为,glass,复数，,candle,蜡烛，结合句中,it,可知应用单数形式，故选,A。,第20页,2.Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous _ in,American _.(,年广东,),A.symbol;culture,C.symbols;culture,B.symbol;cultures,D.symbols;cultures,点拨,选,C,考查名词单复数。句意：米老鼠是美国文化,最著名象征之一。,one of,形容词最高级名,词复数，意为,“,最,之一,”,，所以，,symbol,应该用复数,symbols,，同时,culture,为不可数名词，故选,C。,第21页,3.Times magazine says that smart Lego has become one of,_ favorite toys.(,年佛山,),A.child,B.children,C.childrens,点拨,选,C,考查名词全部格。句意：时代杂志说智能乐高,(,积木游戏,),已经成为孩子们最喜欢玩具之一。,child,单数；,children,复数；,childrens,名词全部格。依据句意可知，这里需填,名词全部格做定语修饰,favorite toys,。故选,C。,第22页,4.Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her,husband on _ Day.(,年广东,),A.Woman,B.Women,C.Womans,D.Womens,点拨,选,D,考查名词全部格。句意：凯瑟琳在妇女节收到,来自她丈夫一打玫瑰，她是如此兴奋。,Woman,妇女,(,单数,)；,Women,妇女,(,复数,),；,Womans(,单数全部格,),；,Womens复数全部,格),。妇女节，是全部妇女节日，用复数全部格。故选,D。,第23页,5.Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef,vegetables and,_.(,年广州,),A.some rice,C.a little rices,点拨,选,A,B.a few rice,D.a rice,考查不可数名词。句意：昨天晚饭我吃了一块,牛肉、蔬菜和一些米饭。,rice,“,米,”,，为不可数名词。不可数名,词前面不能加不定冠词,a/an,，也没有复数形式，所以排除选项,C,和,D,。,a few,“,一些,”,，只修饰可数名词，故排除选项,B。,some一些,”,，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。故,选,A,。,第24页,6.The customers are pleased with the _ of the,restaurant.(,年梅州,),A.balance,B.experience,C.surface,D.service,点拨,选,D,考查名词词义辨析。句意：用户们对餐馆服,务很满意。,balance,平衡；,experience,经验，经历；,surface 表面；,service,服务。由常识可知，用户到餐馆消费，对其服务满意，,故选,D,。,第25页,7.Mum,Ive heard that we cant eat _ these days.Is,it true?,Take it easy.It is safe to eat cooked meat.(,年广东,),A.chicken,B.chickens,C.a chicken,D.the chicken,点拨,选,A,考查名词单复数。,chicken,鸡肉，为不可数名,词，故不能够加冠词,a,，后也不能加,-s,，泛指吃鸡肉也不需要加,冠词,the,，故选,A。,第26页,8.I am very thirsty now.,Would you like some _,？,(,年梅州,),A.tea,B.fish,C.noodles,D.potatoes,点拨,选,A,考查名词词义辨析。由前句,“,我现在口渴极,了,”,可,知，对方提议,“,你想要喝点茶吗？,”,。,tea 不可数名词，,意为“,茶,”,符合句意。而,fish,“,鱼；鱼肉,”,，,noodles,“,面条,”,，,potatoes,“,土豆,”,，均与句意不符。,第27页,9.The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many,_ there.(,年广东,),A.bird,B.duck,C.sheep,D.rabbit,点拨,选,C,考查名词单复数。,many,后应用可数名词,复,数，,bird,duck,rabbit,复数形式是在后边加,-s,。只有,sheep,单复,数同形，故选,C。,第28页,10._ school is quite near the bus station.(,年茂名,),A.Ted and Toms,B.Teds and Toms,C.Ted and Tom,点拨,选,A,考查名词全部格。句意：泰德和汤姆学校非,常靠近公共汽车站。,Ted and Toms,意为,“泰德和汤姆两个人共,有”,；,Teds and Toms,意为,“,泰德和汤姆两个人分别拥有,”；,Ted and Tom,意为,“,泰德和汤姆两个人,”,。,school,为单数形式，,可知两个人在同一所学校，故选,A,。,第29页,11.What are the _ doing there?,They are busy _ their science experiments.(,年,深圳,),A.boys students;to do,C.boys students;doing,B.boy students;to do,D.boy students;doing,点拨,选,D,考查名词单复数。,boy,修饰名词变为复数,时，,boy,依然用单数，只把被修饰名词变为复数；又因为,be b,usy,后应接,doing sth.,，故选,D。,第30页,