高考定语从句复习市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,定语从句,The attributive clause,第1页,（一）定义及相关术语,1.定语从句：,修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句。定语从句普通紧跟在它所修饰先行词之后。,第2页,2.先行词：,被定语从句修饰词叫先行词。,3.关系词：,引导定语从句词叫关系词。,第3页,定语从句,在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，它作用相当于一个形容词,所以也叫形容词性从句.被修饰名词,词组或代词即,先行词,。,定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词,（,关系代词,或,关系副词,）,引出。,第4页,For exampleThis is,a book,which,tells about,space rocket technology.,先行词,关系代词,定语从句,第5页,关系词相关系代词和关系副词,关系代词有:,that,which,who,whom,whose,as,等,关系副词有:,when,where,why,第6页,关系词通常有以下三个作用：,A.,引导定语从句,；B.,代替先行词,；C.,在定语从句中担当一个成份。,The man,who,is shaking hands,with my father is a policeman.,第7页,（二）关系代词引导定语从句,1.,who,指人，在定语从句中作主语。,The boys,who,are playing football,are from Class One.,Those,who,want to go to the museum,must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.,第8页,Yesterday I helped an old man,who,had lost his way,.,That is the teacher,who,teaches us physics.,第9页,2.,whom,指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。,Mr Liu is the person,whom),you talked about on the,bus,.,Li Ming is just the boy,(whom),I want to see.,第10页,The professor,(whom),you are waiting for,has come.,The girl,(whom),the teacher often praises,is our monitor.,第11页,注意：,关系代词,whom,在口语或非正式文体中常可用,who,来代替，也可省略。,The man,(whom/who),you met just now,is my old,friend.,第12页,3.,which,指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。,Football is a game,which,is liked by most boys,.,The factory,which,makes computers,is far away from here.,第13页,He likes to read books,which,are written by foreign writers,.,The house,which,is by the lake,looks nice.,This is the pen,(which),he bought yesterday,.,The film,(which),they went to see last night,was not interesting at all.,第14页,4,that,指人时，相当于,who 或,whom,；,指物时，相当于,which,。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略,。,The number of people,that/who,come to visit this city each,year,reaches one million.,第15页,Where is the man,that/whom,I saw this morning,?,The person,that/whom,you introduced to me,is very kind.,The season,that/which,comes after spring,is summer.,第16页,Yesterday I received a letter,that/which,came from,Australia,.,第17页,5.,whose,通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。,I visited a scientist,whose,name is known all over the,country,.,He has a friend,whose,father is a doctor,第18页,I once lived in the house,whose,roof has fallen in,.,注意,：,指物时，惯用以下结构来代替：,The classroom,whose,door is broken,will soon be repaired.,The classroom the door,of which,is broken,will soon be repaired.,第19页,Do you like the book,whose,cover is yellow,?,Do you like the book the cover,of which,is yellow,?,第20页,（三）“,介词+关系代词,”引导定语从句,关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句经常由“,介词+关系代词,”引出。,The school,(which/that),he once studied in,is very famous.,第21页,The school,in which,he once studied,is very famous.,This is the boy(whom/who/that),I played tennis with,yesterday,.,This is the boy,with whom,I played tennis yesterday,第22页,Well go to hear the famous singer,(whom/who/that),we have often talked about,.,Well go to hear the famous singer,about whom,we have often talked,.,第23页,The manager,whose,company I work in,pays much attention to,improving our working conditions.,The manager,in whose,company I work,pays much attention to,improving our working conditions.,第24页,注意,：,1.,含有介词短语动词普通不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词后面。,如：,look for,look after,take care of,等。,This is the watch,(which/that),I am looking for,.,第25页,The babies,after,whom,the nurse is looking are very healthy.,The babies,(whom/who/that),the nurse is looking,after,are,very healthy.,第26页,.,若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用,whom,，,不可用,who,that,；,关系代词指物时只可用,which,，,不可用,that,。,关系代词是全部格时用,whose,。,The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.,第27页,The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour.,The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.,The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.,第28页,.“介词+关系代词”,前还可有,some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few,等代词或者数词,。,He loves his parents deeply,both of whom,are very kind to,him,.,第29页,In the basket there are quite many apples,some of which,have gone bad,.,There are forty students in our class in all,most of whom,are,from big cities,.,第30页,Up to now,he has written ten stories,three of which,are,about country life,.,第31页,归纳：,that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。,which,指物，作主语或宾语。,who,whom,指人,who,作主语,whom,作宾语。,that,which,whom,在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。,1)A plane is a machine _ can fly.,2)The car _ my uncle,bought last week was stolen.,3)The students _ dont study hard,will not pass the exam.,4)The woman _ you saw in,the park is our English teacher.,5)He talked happily about the men and books_,_ interested him greatly in the school.,which/that,which/that/,who/that,whom/that/,that,第32页,1.That book that you want,it,is on the desk.,2.Is this factory that we visited last week?,the one,This factory is,the one,that we visited last week?,3.He is the person for whom you are looking.,for,4.The person to whom you talked is Lily.,The person whom you talked to is Lily.,归纳：,1,定语从句要防止成份重复,2,定语从句要防止漏用先行词,3,含有介词短语动词普通不拆开,第33页,Join two sentences into one:,The boy,is my brother.,He,helped me.,1.,The boy,who helped me is my brother.,The film,is interesting.,They saw,it,last night.,2.,The film,they saw last night is interesting.,The students,will not pass the exam.,They,dont work hard.,3.,The students,who dont work hard will not pass,the exam.,第34页,Fill in the gaps:,1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle,_ were in the fields.,2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in,front of our school gate.,3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.,4.This is the second novel _ I have ever read.,5.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten,me.,6.Who is the man _ is reading under the tree?,7.My hometown is not the same one _ it used,to be twenty years ago.,that,that,that/,that/,that,that,that,第35页,以下情况只能用,that,1 先行词现有指人又有指物,2 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，有the,only,the very 等修饰时,3 先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,等不定代词,4 主句是以,who/which,开头特殊疑问句时,5当先行词在定语从句中作表语时,第36页,Corrections:,1.The man just said hello to me is my chemistry,teacher.,who,2.Who is the comrade you just shook hands with him.,3.Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.,(where,which,),4.This is the best dictionary which I have ever used.,(which,that,),5.The house where we live in is not very large.,(where,which/that,),6.The house that it was built in 1970 stayed up in,the earthquake.,第37页,“介词关系代词”即“介词,whom/which”引,导定语从句应注意：,1介词选取最少要考虑以下两个原因,A.与先行词搭配关系,1）I will never forget the day _ I,joined the army.,2)I will never forget the days _ I,worked in the school.,3)I will never forget the year _ my son,went to college.,4)I got home at 7:00 p.m.yesterday,_,most people had had supper.,on which,during which,in which,by which,第38页,B.,与谓语动词搭配习惯,1）Have you found the book _ I paid,29 US dollars?,2)Have you found the book I spent,29 US dollars?,3)Have you found the book _ we,learnt a lot?,4)Have you found the book _ she,often talks?,for which,on which,from which,about which,第39页,2.“介词,whom/which”与“whom/which/that/,介词,”转换。,1）,The chair,on which,she is sitting is made of wood.,The chair,(which/that),she is sitting on is made,of wood.,2)Is this the book which you are,looking for,?,介词for不能与 look分开。,3.,way作先行词,1)The way,(in which/that),he looks at the problems,is wrong.,第40页,4.表所相关系及整体中一部分或全部时，用介,词of,有时可用whose转换。,1)There are 100 teachers in our school,_,60 are women teachers.,2)He has three children,two _ work as,teachers.,3)That table has four legs,all _ are,very short.,4)Im painting a house,the roof _ is,round.,Im painting a house,whose roof,is.,5)They live in a house,_ windows face,south.,They live in a house,the windows_,_ face south.,of whom,of whom,of which,of which,whose,of which,第41页,用介词关系代词填空,1 The boy was staying in the room _,window he could climb down.,2.Hes the man _ I learnt the news.,3.Whos the comrade _ you just shook,hands.,4.There are 52 students in our class,_,nearly 40 are League members.,5.I know a lady the husband _ is a,Nobel Prize winner.,6.Do you know the driver who caused the traffic,accident _ a man was killed.,7.This is the way _ she studies English.,through whose,from whom,with whom,of whom,of whom,in which,in which,第42页,8.The 5 yuan_ he bought the book was,given by his friend.,9.The story about Shakespeare,_ this is,one example,is well written.,10.The old man always wears his glasses _,_ he cant see anything.,11.The key_ she was opening the door broke.,12.The library _ we often go on Sundays,is not far from our school.,13.No one know the reason _ she is,leaving so early.,14.At last they came to a river _ a new,bridge is being built.,for which,of which,without,which,with which,to which,for which,over which,第43页,关系代词引导定语从句：,Complete the following sentences:,1.Is this the school _ you visited,last year?,Is this school _ _ you visited last year?,2.He is one of the students who _ good at maths.,He is the only one of the students who _ good,at maths.,3.The girl _ I think was honest lied to me.,The girl _ I think to be honest lied to me.,4.China is no longer _ she was 10 years ago.,China is no longer the country _ she was 10,years ago.,(that/which),the one,are,is,who,whom,what,that,第44页,5.The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from,_ _ you bought last month.,The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from,_ you bought last month.,6.Do you still remember the hotel _ _ we,lived last summer holiday?,Do you still remember the park _we,visited last summer holiday?,7.This is the room _ my grandmother,used to lived in.,This is the room _ _ my grandmother,used to lived.,the one,what,in which,(that/which),(which/that),in which,第45页,8.He has two sons,and both of _ work as actors.,He has two sons,both of _ work as actors.,9.China has hundreds of islands,_ _ Taiwan,is the largest.,China has hundreds of islands,the largest_,_ is Taiwan.,10.This is the house _ _ the window was,broken yesterday.,This is the house _ window was broken,yesterday.,11.He is the teacher _ _ help we have,made great progress.,them,whom,of which,of,which,of which,whose,with whose,第46页,（四）关系副词引导定语从句,1.when,指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。,I still remember the day,when,I first came to this school,.,The time,when,we got together finally arrived,.,第47页,October 1,1949 was the day,when,the Peoples Republic of China was founded,.,Do you remember the years,when,he lived in the countryside with his grandparents,.,第48页,2.,where,指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。,Shanghai is the city,where,I was born,.,I visited the farm,where,a lot of cows were raised,.,The house,where,I lived ten years ago,has been pulled down.,第49页,Is this the place,where,they fought the enemy,?,3.,why,指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。,Please tell me,the reason,why,you missed the plane,.,The reason,why,he was punished,is unknown to us.,第50页,I dont know,the reason,why,he looks unhappy today,.,注意：,关系副词引导定语从句经常能够用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句来表示。,From the years,when/in which,he was going to primary school in the country,he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.,第51页,Fill in the blanks.,1.I still remember the day _ we spent in,the forest.,2.I still remember the day _ I first,came to Beijing.,3.The factory _ we will visit is large.,4.The factory _ his father works is large.,5.Ill never forget the time _ we work,on the farm.,6.This is the house _ we lived last year.,that/which,when/on which,that/which,where,when/at which,where/in which,归纳:关系副词when,指时间,关系副词,where,指地点,在定语从句中作,状语,。即使先行词是时间地点,若,作从句中宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.,第52页,（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,A.,限制性定语从句,形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺乏定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表示不完整。,第53页,B.,非限制性定语从句,只是对先行词补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表示完整意思。,译法上译成先行词定语“,”通常译成主句并列句。,第54页,关系词使用上,A作宾语时可省略,B不可省略,A可用,that,B不用,that,A可用,who,代替,whom,B不可用,who代替,whom,第55页,Great changes are taking place in the city,where/in which,they live,.,The reason,why/for which,he refused the invitation,is,quite clear.,第56页,The teacher told me that Tom was the only person,that,I could,depend on,.,China is a country,which,has a long history,.,In the street I saw a man,who,was from Africa,.,限制性定语从句举例：,第57页,非限制性定语从句举例：,His mother,who,loves him very much,is strict with him.,China,which,was founded in 1949,is becoming more and more powerful.,第58页,Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall,in which,many important meetings are held every year,.,第59页,注意区分以下几组句子不一样含义1.Her brother,who,is now a soldier,always encourages her to,go to college.,她那当兵哥哥总是勉励她上大学.（意含：她还有其它哥哥。）,第60页,Her brother,who,is now a soldier,always encourages her,to go to college.,她哥哥是当兵，他总是勉励她上大学。（意含：她只有一个哥哥。）,第61页,2.All the books,that,have pictures in them,are well written.,全部里面带插图书都写得很好。（意含：不带插图书则不一定写得好。）,第62页,All the books,which,have pictures in them,are well written.,全部书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含：没有不带插图书。）,第63页,（一）限制性定语从句中只能用,that,引导定语从句情况,1.,当先行词是,everything,anything,nothing(something,除,外),all,none,few,little,some,等代词时，或当先行词受,every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much,等代词修饰时。,第64页,Have you taken down,everything,that,Mr.Li said,?,There seems to be,nothing,that,is impossible to him in the,world,.,All,that,can be done,has been done.,第65页,There is,little,that,I can do for you,.,He stayed in the library and looked up,any information,that,they needed,.,第66页,Any man that/who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.,注意,：,当先行词指人时，也可用关系代词,who,，,All the guests,that/who,were invited to her wedding,were,important people.,Any man,that/who,has a sense of duty,wont do such a thing.,第67页,2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。,The first place,that,they visited in London,was the Big Ben.,第68页,3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。,This is,the bestfilm,that,I have ever seen,.,第69页,4,当先行词被,the very,the only,修饰时,。,This is,the very dictionary,that,I want to buy,.,After the fire in his house,the old car is,the only thing,that,he owns,.,第70页,注意,：,当先行词指人时，通惯用关系代词,who,。,Wang Hua is,the only person,in our school,who,will attend the,meeting,.,第71页,5.当先行词前面有,who,which,等疑问代词时,。,Who is the man,that,is standing by the gate,?,Which is the T-shirt,that,fits me most,?,第72页,6.当先行词为人与非人时。,They talked about,the persons and things,that,they,remembered at school,Look at,the man and his donkey,that,are walking up the,street,.,第73页,（二）关系代词as和which 引导定语从句,as和,which,引导非限制性定语从句时，其使用方法有相同之处，也有不一样之处。详细情况是,1.,as,和,which,都能够在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。,第74页,He married her,as/which,was natural,.,He is honest,as/which,we can see,.,第75页,2.,as,引导非限制性定语从句能够放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还能够分割主句。,which,引导非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 经常有“正如、正像”含义。,As,is known to all,China is a developing country.,第76页,He is from the south,as,we can know from his accent,.,John,as,you know,is a famous writer.,Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times,which,I dont believe,.,第77页,注意：,当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上因果关系时，关系词往往只用,which,。如：,Tom was late for school again and again,which,made his,teacher very angry,.,These tables are made of metal,which,made them very heavy,.,第78页,3.当先行词受,such,the same,修饰时，关系词惯用as。,Ive never heard,such,stories,as,he tells,.,He is not,such,a fool,as,he looks,.,This is,the same,dictionary as I lost last week.,第79页,注意,：,当先行词受,the same,修饰时，偶然也用,that,引导定语从句，但与,as,引导定语从句意思有区分。,She wore,the same,dress,that,she wore at Marys wedding,.,She wore,the same,dress,as,her younger sister wore,.,第80页,(三)以,the way,为先行词限制性定语从句通常由,in which,或,that,引导，而且通常能够省略。,The way,(that/in which),he answered the questions,was,surprising.,第81页,I dont like,the way,(that/in which),you laugh at her,.,（四）关系代词与关系副词选择