选修六第三单元知识点.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Language Points,Reading,1/53,1,abuse,n,&vt.,滥用；虐待,典例,:1),The book is about the abuse of power.,这本书讲述是权力滥用问题。,2),他从不滥用特权。,He never abuses his privilege.,拓展,:,drug abusechild abuse,abuse of power,abuse ones power,滥用毒品,虐待儿童,滥用权力,滥用某人权力,2/53,2.Why do you think some adolescents start,smoking?,adolescent/Teenager,baby/infant,child(British)/kids(American),toddler,youth,婴儿,年幼孩子,13,到,19,岁人,会走路小孩,男性青年,3/53,My adolescent life,我青少年时期,adolescence,青春期,The period of adolescence is very,important in forming ones character.,青春期对人性格形成是非常主要。,4/53,3,Do you think smoking should be banned?,你认为应该,禁止吸烟吗？,ban,(1),vt,.,禁止；取缔,政府已经禁止化学武器使用。,(2),n,.,禁令；训斥,(,常与,on/against,连用,),The police lifted the ban against parking in the,street.,The government has banned the use of chemical,weapons警察取消了不准在这条街停车禁令。,5/53,拓展,:,ban sb.from(doing)sth.,禁止某人做某事,利用,用适当介词填空,He was banned _ driving for three,months after the,accident,.,The government announced the ban,_ drink-driving,(,醉驾,),from,on/against,6/53,知识拓展,ban.from doing,禁止,做,lift/remove the ban on,解禁,place/put.under a ban,禁止,under a ban,被禁止；被逐出门,7/53,4.I think my long and active life must be,due to,the healthy life I live.,due,to,因为,;,由,引发,;,因为 如,:,她缺席是由暴风雨引发。,Her absence was due to the storm.,知识拓展,:,表示因果关系单词和短语,because of,介词短语“因为”,较口语化,owing,to,介词短语“因为”,较正式,thanks,to,介词短语“因为”,“,多亏了”,as a,result,of,介词短语“因为”,as a result,副词短语“所以”,8/53,9/53,5.I became,addicted,to cigarettes.,become/get/be addicted to sth./doing sth.,表示,“对某事,/,做某事上瘾”,该短语中,to,是介词,后接名词或动名词形式。如：,孩子们对计算机游戏上了瘾。,The children are addicted to computer games.,10/53,addict,vt.(1),使沉溺,;,癖好,(2),使,成瘾,热衷于,addict oneself to,沉溺于,醉心于,be addicted to sth./doing sth.,癖好,热衷,He became addicted to the drug.,他染上了毒瘾。,addict,n.(1),上了瘾人,a work addict,工作狂,film addict,电影迷,(2),吸毒者,addiction,n.,沉湎、成瘾,addictive,adj.,使人上瘾,11/53,The parents felt helpless when they,found their son had _ love stories,for long.,addicted,addicted to,C.addicted himself,D.been addicted to,D,12/53,6.This means that after a while you,becomes,accustomed to,having nicotine in it.,这就是说,过了一段时间以后,你身体,习惯了香烟里尼古丁。,accustom,vt.,使习惯于,be/get/become accustomed to,习惯于,;,适应于,accustom+n./oneself+to,使自己习惯,/,适应于,其中,to,为介词,13/53,The boy has _,English in public.,那孩子已经习惯于在公众面前说英语了。,My eyes soon,_.,我眼睛很快适应了黑暗。,They had to,_.,他们不得不使自己习惯于酷热天气。,accustom themselves to the hot weather,grew accustomed to the darkness,become accustomed to speaking,14/53,考例,Accustomed to _ the steep mountain,he had no difficulty reaching the top.(,上海,春,),A.climbing B.climb,C.having climbed D.have climbed,点拨,to,为介词,后跟动词,-ing,形式,不能跟现在分词完成式,故选,A,。,A,15/53,7,So when the drug leaves your body,you get,withdrawal,symptoms.,所以当你体内没有这种麻醉剂时，你就会出现脱,瘾症状。,withdrawal,n,收回；撤退；戒毒,(,或脱瘾,),过程,I got withdrawal symptoms after giving up smoking.,我戒烟之后出现了脱瘾症状。,The company made the withdrawal of the product from the market.,企业从市场上收回了这种产品。,His sudden withdrawal from the election surprised everyone.,他突然退出选举行为使每个人都感到诧异。,16/53,8,I was addicted in all three ways,so it was very,difficult,to,quit,.,我之所以上瘾是有着这三方面原因，所以要,戒烟极难。,quit,vt.,停顿,(,做某事,),；离开,vi.,停顿；离开；辞职,典例,:,他已经戒烟了。,H,e has quit smoking.,这笔钱是用来帮助吸烟者戒烟。,The money is used to help smokers quit.,拓展,quit school,退学,quit office,离职,quit doing sth.(,stop doing sth.),停顿做某事,be quit of sb./sth.,摆脱某人或某物,17/53,利用,:,完成句子,I gave him money in order to _,(,摆脱,他,),I wish youd better _(,停顿说话,),Doctors are doing research to find out what,happens physically when people _ smoking.,A.quit B.decline C.depart D.reserve,解析,:,依据句意“医生们正在研究方便发觉当人们,戒烟时,他们身体上将会发生什么情况”选,A,。,decline,下降,;depart,起程,;reserve,预订。,be quit of him,quit talking,A,18/53,10,When I was young,I didnt know,much about the,harmful,effects,of smoking.,在我年轻时候，关于吸烟危害性我知道,并不多。,effect,n,结果；效力,典例,:,这种药药力可连续十二个小时。,The effect of this medicine can last twelve hours.,拓展,:,in effect,实际上,t,ake effect,生效，奏效,come/go into effect,开始实施,bring/put/carry.into effect,使实施，使生效,have a good/bad effect on sth.,对某物有好,(,或坏,),影响,19/53,利用,完成句子,The drug _,(,立马见效,)the pain.,The new tax regulations _,(,开 始 实 施,),last month.,He told us he didnt like watching,football match;,_(,实际上,),he is a football fan.,has an immediate effect on,came/went into effect,In effect/fact,20/53,11.I didnt know,for example,that,it could do,terrible damage to your heart and lungs,or,that,it was more difficult for smoking couples,to become pregnant.,当初我不知道抽烟能严重侵害人心脏和,肺部,也不知道吸烟夫妇生育能力会下降。,解析,:,该句是一个包含两个宾语从句主从,复合句。,21/53,主句为,I didnt know,。两个宾语从句分别为,it could do terrible damage to your heart and,lungs,和,it was more difficult for smoking,couples to become pregnant,“or”,连接这两个,宾语从句,意为“也不,(,知道,)”,。,I dont know,.or.,这个句型译为“我不知道,也不知,道,”,。如,:,I dont know where to go,or,what to do.,我不知道去哪里也不知道干什么。,22/53,12,strengthenvt,加强；巩固；使坚强,vi.,变强,这些训练目标在于增强你腹部肌肉。,The exercises are designed to strengthen your stomach muscles.,知识拓展,动词,strengthen,是名词,strength,加后缀,en,转化而来，常见由名词或形容词加后缀,en,转化而来动词还有：,brighten(,使,),明亮；,fatten(,使,),发胖；,harden(,使,),变硬；,soften(,使,),变软；,sharpen(,使,),变尖锐；,sweeten(,使,),变甜；,widen(,使,),变宽,23/53,比较,:,strength,energy,force,power,这些名词都有“力”之意。,(1)strength,指机体内部能力，是依靠身体组织而存在力，经使用就变为,force,。它尤其指承受重物力量。,For a small woman she has surprising strength.,她个子虽小但力大惊人。,(2)energy,用于人时，指工作时焕发出精力或干劲。,His work seemed to lack energy.,他工作似乎缺乏干劲。,24/53,(3)force,尤指人或物撞击或推物体时所用力。,He did it with a great force.,他用了很大力才把它做完了。,(4)power,能够用来指人体某部位力量，但普通不用来指搬动或握、托、支撑重物力量。从物理学意义上讲，,power,更多指机械、爆炸或大自然力量。,There was a lot of power behind that blow.,那一击力量很大。,25/53,13,Decide on,a day to quit.,确定一个开始戒烟日子。,decide on/upon,对,作出决定,典例,:,不要过于慌忙地对主要事情作出决定。,Dont decide on/upon important matters too quickly.,拓展,:,decide to do sth.,决定做某事decide against sth./doing sth.,决定不做某事,decide that-clause,决定,利用,:,完成句子,She has _(,对,作 出 决 定,)art as a career.,I _(,决定去旅行,)to another city.,decided on/upon,decide to travel,26/53,14,Every time you,feel like,smoking a cigarette,remind,yourself that you are a non-smoker.,每当你想要吸烟时候，就提醒你自己：你已经是一个不吸烟人了。,feel like(doing),想要,(,做,),典例,:,我今天想做点别事情。,你想来杯咖啡吗？,拓展,:,would like to do sth.,想要做某事,prefer to do sth.,更喜欢做某事,enjoy doing sth.,喜欢做某事,like to do/doing sth.,喜欢做某事,I feel like doing something different today.,Do you feel like a cup of coffee?,27/53,15,desperate,adj,绝望；拼命,;,渴望,He was,desperate,when he lost all his money.,当他丢了全部钱时，他绝望了。,I was absolutely,desperate,to learn painting.,我非常渴望学画画。,He took a deep breath,desperately,trying to keep calm.,他深深地吸了一口气，极力保持镇静。,知识拓展：,be desperate for.,对,极度渴望,be desperate to do,非常愿意干,desperately,adv,拼命地,desperation,n,绝望；拼命,28/53,16,Do not be,disappointed,if you have to try several times,before you finally stop smoking.,假如你要经过屡次戒烟才能最终把它戒掉，不要感到失望。,disappointed,adj.,失望；沮丧,典例：,我不是泄气，而是失望。,I was more disappointed than discouraged.,拓展：,be disappointed to do sth.,对做某事感到失望,be disappointed at/about/with sth.,对某事感到失望,be disappointed that-clause,对,失望,利用：,完成句子,Tom wasnt _对听到,感到失望,)the news.,When I _(,感 到 沮 丧,),I often listen to music.,disappointed to hear,feel disappointed,29/53,17,If you weaken and have a cigarette,do not feel,ashamed,.,假如你意志微弱而又吸烟了，也不要以为难为情。,ashamed,adj.,感到惭愧或羞耻,典例,:,你应该为自己感到羞耻！,You should be ashamed of yourself!,拓展,:,be ashamed of(doing)sth.,对某事感到惭愧,be ashamed to do sth.,为做某事而感到惭愧,be ashamed that-clause,对,感到羞耻,利用,:,完成句子,She was _(,惭愧于告诉,)her mother,that she had failed the exam.,I was _(,对,感到惭愧,)my behavior at that time.,ashamed to tell,ashamed of,30/53,Language Points,learning about language,31/53,1,In spite of,all his efforts he failed.,尽管很努力，他还是失败了。,归纳拓展,in spite of,尽管，即使,in spite of,despite,，后面跟名词，代词或动名词，不能跟从句。,although,though,，尽管，即使。引导让步状语从句。,as,有时也引导让步状语从句，但要用部分倒装语序，即：表语,/,状语,/,谓语,as,主语谓语,32/53,1,、,尽管有喧闹声也要设法睡着。,(in spite of),Try to sleep in spite of the noise.,2,、,尽管她穷，但她决不向他人低头。,(although),Though/Although she is poor,，,she never gives in to others.,3,、,尽管这事似乎很奇怪，可是是真。,(as),Strange as it may seem,，,it is true.,4,、,The weather is too bad.,_the bad weather,，,I still try my best to,meet my friend as planned.,A.In spite of B.As well C.However D.Although,A,33/53,2,He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of,taking risks.,他以为每一步都要下定决心，而不是冒险。,归纳拓展,risk,n,危险；风险,at ones own risk,自担风险,at risk,在危险中,at the risk of,冒,风险,take a risk(risks),冒风险,take the risk of doing sth,冒,风险,risk,v,.,冒,风险,risk doing sth.,冒险做某事,34/53,1,、,你能够使用它，但你要责任自负。,You can use it,，,but its at your own risk.,2,、,她没有去，因为她不想冒再撞见尼尔风险。,She didnt go,，,because she didnt want to run/take the risk of seeing Neil again.,3,、,她冒生命危险去抢救那个溺水儿童。,She risked her life trying to save the drowning child.,35/53,4,、,He left without an umbrella_in a rain.,A,risked getting caught,B,risking getting caught,C,to risk to get caught,D,risking to get caught,5,、,If you dare to take_risk of not wearing a seat belt,，,you are at_risk.,A,the,；,/B,/,；,/C,/,；,the D,the,；,the,B,A,36/53,3,Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to,get into,the habit in the first place.,当然，对付这些药品最好方法是从最初就别开始。,归纳拓展,get into,进入，陷于，染上,(,习惯,),惯用短语：,get into trouble/difficulties,惹上麻烦,get into debt,负债累累,get into a temper,大发脾气,get into deep water,陷于困境,get into the habit/way of,养成习惯，习惯于,37/53,4,illegal,adj.,不正当，违法,他认可他是非法移民。,He admitted that he was an illegal immigrant.,未经允许看他人私人信件是不正当。,Its illegal to read peoples private letters without permission.,拓展：,It is illegal(for sb)to do sth (,某人,),做,是违法,legal,adj,.,正当；法律,为何我就不该放假？那是完全正当。,Why shouldnt I take a holiday?Its perfectly legal.,38/53,Language Points,Using language,39/53,1.,survival n.,幸存；幸存者,医生说他有,50%,生存机会。,His doctor said he had a 5050 chance of survival.,知识拓展,(1)fight/struggle for survival,survival of the fittest2)survive,vt,.&,vi,.,survive on sth.,(3)survivor,n,.,为生存而斗争,适者生存,生还；残余；比,活得长,仅靠,维持生计,生存者；残余者；幸存者,40/53,2,judgement,n.,看法；判决；判断,短语：在,看来,对,做出判断,按我看法，我们应该做这件事。,In my judgement,we should do it.,他拒绝对形势作出评价。,He refused to make a judgement about the,situation.,in ones judgement,make a judgement about,41/53,(2)judge,n,.,法官，裁判,v,.,断定，判断，审判,judge.by,依据,判断,judging from/by,依据,判断,不要以貌取人。,Dont judge a man by his looks.,从外表来看，他一定是一位教授。,Judging by his appearance,he must be an,expert.,42/53,3,embarrassed,adj.,尴尬，窘迫；陷入困境,她因自己身高而困窘。,Shes embarrassed about her height.,拓展：,embarrass,vt,.,使尴尬；使窘迫；使不安,embarrassingadj,.,令人尴尬；令人难堪,embarrassment,n,.,尴尬；难堪；窘迫,在众人面前演说时，我总以为很窘迫。,Making speeches in public always embarrasses me.,43/53,活学活用,用,embarrassed,适当形式填空,(1)It was so _ having to sing in public.,(2)Much to her _ she realized that everybody had been listening to her singing.,(3)He looked _when I asked him where hed been.,答案：,(,2)embarrassment,(,1)embarrassing,(,3)embarrassed,44/53,4,awkward,adj.,局促不安；拙笨,在正式舞会上，我感到局促不安，很不自在。,At the formal party I felt very awkward and out,of place.,孩子们喜欢嘲笑拙笨同龄人。,The children liked to laugh at their awkward peers.,拓展：,awkwardly,adv,.,局促不安地；拙笨地,45/53,1,、,make sure,确定；确信；查明；搞清楚,你最好确保将这封信在今天晚上寄出去。,Youd better,make sure that,the letter leaves tonight.,你必须把时间和地点搞清楚。,You must,make sure of,the time and place.,注意：,make sure,后普通,不接不定式,作宾语，后接名词时需加介词,of/about,；后接从句时，使用普通现在时态表示未来。,46/53,make sure,查明；确保；确定；惯用搭配有make sure that和make sure of(doing)sth.。注意：make sure后通常不接不定式。,be sure,确信；必定，务必；惯用于be sure of/about，be sure to do,be sure that结构中。,assure,动词，意为“向确保，使确信”；assure sb.of sth.，“向某人确保某事”；be assured of“有信心，有把握”。,47/53,重点句型,1.,It is,only when the disease has progressed to AIDS,that,a person begins to look sick.,只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时,人才会显出病态,.,本句是强调句，强调了状语从句,only when the,disease has progressed to AIDS,。,强调句型结构：,It is/was,被强调部分,that/who,句子,其余部分。,48/53,2,You can have HIV in your blood for a long time,but,eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease.,这是一个由,but,连接并列句。在第二个分句中，含有,so.that.,引导结果状语从句，“如此,以至于,”,。,其中,so,后可接形容词或副词以及由,many,much,few,little,修饰名词,也可用来修饰带形容词可数名词单数形式，即“,so,adj,.,a/an,可数名词单数”。,49/53,这箱子如此重，我举不起来。,The box is so heavy that I cant lift it.,我摔了好屡次跤，满身青一块紫一块。,Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all,over.,汤姆是个很老实孩子，从不说谎。,Tom is so honest a boy that he never tells a lie.,50/53,知识拓展：,天气非常好，我们决定在沙滩上度过这一天。,It was such lovely weather that we decided to spend the day on the beach.,51/53,假如把,so,adj,./,adv,.,放于句首，主句应使用部分,倒装。,他跑得太快了，我们赶不上他。,So fast did he run that we couldnt catch up with him.,选词填空,(so/such),：,(1)He makes _ little money every month that he has to live a simple life.,(2)Jack is _ a kind boy that we all like to make friends with him.,so,such,52/53,Thank You!,53/53,