英语应用文写作要点及常用短语.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语应用文写作,By:Wu Zhaoli,Practical English Writing,1/79,实用性,写作要求,常见文体,往年考题,2/79,二、考试中,在高考、英语社会化能力考试、全国公共英语等级考试（三、四、六级）、硕士硕士入学考试中都存在或增添了测试英语应用文写作能力题型。,一、生活中,交流感情、促进情谊、开展商业活动、促进文化交流等,实用性,3/79,写作要求,依据英语应用文在不一样环境下不一样功效及其不一样格式，我们将其为三大部分即：,社交书信,(social letters),商务书信,(business letters),书信,（,letters,）、,表格,（,forms,）、,其它,（,others,）,4/79,一篇好应用文，正文中必须含以下几点：,1,、包含全部需表示关键点，内容完整；,2,、语言自然流畅，语法、词汇、标点等利用准确；,3,、有效地采取各种衔接手法，文字连贯，层次清楚；,4,、利用丰富词汇和句型；,5,、格式与语义使用恰当得体。,5/79,怎样准确使用词汇？,1,、注意单词内涵,单词内涵比表层含以更为深入 如“,20%discount”,2,、注意词汇之间搭配,如,apply for/apply to,3,、注意上下文之间联络，依据不一样语境使用不一样词汇,如,conference/meeting,4,、注意中英文化之间差异,如,dog/dragon,6/79,如：,1,、,help,经典例句,:Ill help you.,替换语,accommodate,E.g.Ill endeavor to accommodate you.,2,、,think,经典例句,:I think-,替换语,believe,大家都有这么感受,明明是背了很多单词，可写作文时，总是用一些高中或小学词汇。,7/79,怎样写出好句子？,1,、注意句子完整（主、谓、宾、引导词）。,2,、注意句子连贯（连词）。,3,、注意句子简练（代词、省略）。,4,、注意句型多样化（主动、被动）。,5,、注意恰当地使用强调。,8/79,怎样正确使用标点符号,逗号：（,comma,）,分号：（,semicolon,;,）,撇号、省字号或全部格符号：（,apostrophe,）,句号（,full stop/period,.,）,问号（,question mark,?,）,感叹号（,exclamation mark,!,）,冒号（,colon,:,）,引号（,quotation mark,“”,/,）,连接号（,hyphen,-,）,破折号（,dash,）,省略号（,ellipsis,）,斜体字（,italics,）和下划线（,underline,）,9/79,常见文体,一、信函（社交、商务）,二、几个常见应用文,10/79,社交信函,英文信函普通由,信头、信内地址、称呼、信正文、结束语、署名,等几个基本要素组成。需要时，还能够加上附件等要素。,信头（,Heading,）,信头包含,写信人,地址和写信日期,，通常写在信笺,右上角,。,比较熟识朋友之间，常略去写信人地址。,地址写法,:,通常是由小到大，如：门牌号、街道名、市（县）名、省名、国名（邮政编码通常写在城市名之后）。同汉字写法完全相反。地址能够写,1,3,行。日期写在地址下方,日期写法：,（,a,）月、日、年：如,August 15(th),200_,（,b,）日、月、年：如,15(th)August,20011/79,封内名称和地址(the inside name and address),指,收信人,姓名、地址等,在普通社交信中，通常省略；在公务信函中不能省,写在,信头日期下方左角上,在日期以下三行或更多行,封内名称和地址要用齐头式,紧靠信纸左边,这么会使信看上去整齐。,称呼（Salutation）,指写信人对收信人称呼，如Dear Xiaojun，,写在,信头下方,和信笺,左边,，,称呼普通用Dear或My dear开头，,称呼后普通用逗号，,写信人与收信人之间关系可因亲疏远近可有所不一样,：,12/79,写给家人、亲戚和关系亲密朋友等人时，,分别在Dear或My dear之后分别加上表示亲属关系称呼或直呼其名。,如：Dear mother,My dear father,Dear John,My dearest Mary 等。,写个长辈、关系普通朋友，甚至素不相识人时，,习惯在Dear和姓氏之间加上诸如“先生”“女士”“教授”等。,如：Dear Mr.Brown,Dear Ms.Green,Dear Professor Smith,Dear Doctor Wang,写给机关、团体、企业、工厂、学校等单位时，普通用：,Dear Sir or Madam,To Whom It May Concern,Gentlemen,(Gentlemen总以复数形式出现，前面不加Dear),13/79,正文（,Body,）,这是书信主体部分，即写信人要表示内容,正文要求文字通顺，层次分明，表意清楚。,结束语（,Complimentary Close,）,它是书信结尾恭维话，也叫结束敬语，,相当于“祝好”、“致礼”之类话语，,普通写在,正文下方一两行,之处，,开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号，,使用时也可因人而异，主要取决于熟悉程度：,14/79,写给家人、亲戚和关系亲密朋友等人时：,Your loving mother(son,brother);,Yours very affectionately;,Yours lovingly;,Love and all good wishes;,With all the best 等,写个长辈、关系普通朋友时：,Yours(very)respectfully;,Yours sincerely;,Yours truly;,With best wishes 等,写给机关、团体、企业、工厂、学校等单位时：,Yours faithfully;Yours sincerely;Yours truly等,15/79,署名（,Signature,）,低于结束语一至二行，,从信纸中间偏右地方开始，在结束语正下方，,在签完名字下面,还要有名字打印体，方便识别，,职务、职称可打在名字下面。,如：,Charlie,Charlie,Manager,16/79,商务书信,商务英语书信,有自己独特格式与结构，,要求用企业标准信纸打印，,内容完整、正确、切题、有礼；,语言自然、流畅、清楚、易懂。,普通商务英语书信结构都包含以下几部分内容,:,17/79,(1),信头,(the letter-head),（,company name and logo,（标识、志）,address,telephone number,fax/telex number,）,(2),信件提要或编号,（,Caption or reference number,）,/,日期,(date),(3),封内名称和地址,(the inside name and address),(4),事由、标题,(the subject line),(5),开头称呼语,(the salutation),(6),信文,(the message or the body of the letter),(7),结尾敬语,(the complimentary close),(8),写信人,署名,或签署,(the writers signature and designation),(9),注意事项,(the attention line),(10),经办人代号,(the reference notation),(11),附件,(the enclosure)/Encl,(12),抄送,(the carbon copy notation)/cc,(13),附言,(the postscript),18/79,With great delight I learn that,Im very much pleased to inform/tell you that.,Your letter of the 10th has been received with thanks.,I have just received your kind letter.,Many thanks for your last kind letter.,Thanks so much for the letter about.,So much has happened since I last wrote you.,I must apologize for my delay in answering your kind letter.,正文开始惯用语：,19/79,Hoping to hear from you soon.,Please reply immediately.,Thank you for your cooperation.,Thanking you in advance.,With love and good wishes.,Hoping you are enjoying good health.,With best regards to your family.,Wishing you every success.,正文结束语惯用语,20/79,英语书信格式主要有三种,:,传统缩头式,(the conventional indented form),当代齐头式,(the modern blocked form),改良齐头式,(the modified blocked form),21/79,_(letterhead),_,_,_(date),_,_(inside address),_,_,_,_,_,_(salutation),_,_(_,body_),_,_,_(complimentary closing),_(signature),22/79,_(letterhead),_,_(date),_(inside address),_,_,_(salutation),_,_(_,body_),_,_,_(complimentary closing),_(signature),23/79,_,_,（,letterhead,）,_,_(date),_(inside address),_,_,_(salutation),_,_(_,body_),_,_,_(complimentary closing),_(signature),24/79,试题类型,（一）邀请函、感激信、道歉信、投诉信、,祝贺信、求职信、慰问信,（二）备忘录、通知、请假条、电子邮件；,（三）简历、留言条、广告,25/79,邀请信,邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动书信，包含三个方面：,1.,邀请对方参加活动,内容、时间和地点,；,2.,与该活动相关,注意事项,；,3.,期待,对方接收邀请，并可表示,感激,。,26/79,范文,Write a letter to one of your high school,classmates,who is in a nearby city,and invite him/her to,your city,at this,weekend,.Some necessary details must be included.,Do not,sign your own name at the end of your letter,using“Li Ming”instead.,27/79,范文,Dear Linda,We havent seen each other for six years after graduation.If you are free this Saturday,please come to,Shanghai and have a good time with me.,We can,first go to,the Century Park,where the flowers are all in blossom.Lets go boating on the lake isnt it pleasant in the cool breeze?,Then,I will treat you to dinner at a western restaurant on Huaihai Roadit is small but really niceIm sure you will enjoy it.,After dinner,lets go to a concertyou are a music lover,arent you?,If you couldnt come,please,notify me,before Friday.If you can,please tell me which train you will take and I will meet you at the railway station.,I am,looking forward to,meeting you.,Sincerely yours,Li Ming,28/79,重点句式,1.,我们真诚邀请王教授来我校做客座教授,We would like to invite Professor Wang to our university as a guest lecturer2.,您假如能来出席我们今晚宴会，我们将十分高兴,We should be very pleased if you could come and have dinner with us this evening.,3.,我很高兴邀请您参加从,到,在,举行,活动,I am pleased to invite you to participate in.to be held from.to.in,29/79,重点句式,4.,我确实希望您能够接收我邀请,I do hope you will be able to accept our invitation.,5.,您能否早日告诉我是否接收我邀请,Would you please let me know as soon as possible if you can accept my invitation?,6.,我期盼着您来信，并希望能见到您,.,I am looking forward to your reply,and eventually,seeing you.,30/79,普通包含：,1,、,表示感激之情,，简单陈说写这封感激信原因；,2,、,详细说明要感激事由,，措词愈加详细真诚。再,次表示真诚感激；,3,、,向对方表示自己,真诚祝福,，再次致谢。有时可 向对方,发出邀请,。,感激信,31/79,范文,内容：写一篇感激信，假设你是李红，你上周到济南旅游，受到了朋友张力热情款待，写信通知你已经,平安归来,，,感激,他款待和导游，并表示,欢迎他,到你处旅游。,32/79,Dear Zhang Li,You will be glad to learn that I have arrived home,safe and sound,and have been hard at work after the week-long holiday.,I am often thinking of the time we spent together in Jinan.,Thank you for,giving me a warm welcome when first arrived there and for making your time for me to show me around the city.My impression of the city is wonderful and sweet because you are there.,When you have a vacation to take,consider my place a small but beautiful seaside city.I am,looking forward to,being your tour guide someday.,yours faithfully,Hong Li,33/79,重点句式,1.,我特地写信感激你来医院探望我,I am writing to you to thank for your visiting me in the hospital.,2.,这封信将满载着我对你热情款待真挚感激之情,I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for your hospitality.,3.,我非常感激你,.I am grateful/obliged to you for.,34/79,重点句式,4.,我非常感激你好意，并希望有机会回报你。,I deeply appreciate your courtesy and we hope to have the opportunity of rewarding you.,5.,你为我这么做真是太好了，我感激不尽,It was kind and generous of you to do this for me,and I appreciate it more than I can say.,7.,我再次向你表示感激,Again,I would like to express my warm thanks to you.,35/79,主要内容普通包含：,1,直接说明需要表示歉意,事情,；,2,、解释清楚事情发生,原因,；,3,、表明写信目标，,表示遗憾,和内疚之意；,4,、有时需要表示补救意思或提出,补救方法,；,5,、,请求对方接收,自己道歉。,道歉信,36/79,To Mr.Green,I would like to,apologize for,missing our scheduled appointment last Wednesday,April 21,1999.I also,apologize for,not calling in advance to cancel.I will call your office this week to reschedule a meeting with you.,Thank you for,your understanding and patience.,Sincerely,Mike L.Jackson,37/79,重点句式,1.,我必须为,向你道歉,I must apologize to you for,2.,我感到很抱歉，因为,I am terribly/awfully sorry that.,3.,我衷心希望您能够接收我道歉,I sincerely hope that you will kindly accept my apologies.,38/79,投诉信,1,、说明,投诉原因,并表示遗憾；,2,、实事求是地,阐述问题发生经过,，不要夸大其词；,3,、指出问题引发,后果,；,4,、提出批评及处理,意见,或敦促对方采取办法,或者提出所希望,赔偿,以及补救方式。,39/79,Dear Manager,I venture to,write to complain,about the quality of the digital camera I bought last Friday at your store.,During the five days,the camera has been in my possession,problems have emerged one after another.For one thing,the screen is always black,making the camera no different from a traditional one.For another,the battery is distressing as it supports the cameras operation for only two hours.,Therefore,I wish to,exchange it for another camera or declare a refund.I will appreciate it if my problem receives due attention.,Yours,Li Ming,40/79,投诉信重点句式,1.,我先写信向你表示对,不满,I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with.,2.,我现写信向你投诉相关,Im writing to complain about.,3.,我埋怨原因以下,The reasons why I complain are as follows.,41/79,4.,为了改进局面，提议采取以下办法。其一，其二,In order to improve the situation,Its advisable to take the following measures.For one thing.for another,.,5.,我希望问题能够尽早得以处理。,I do hope that the problems will be solved as some as possible.,6.,我希望你们能够考虑一下我提议，方便改进局面。,I hope my suggestions will be taken into consideration to improve the situation.,42/79,祝贺信主要内容普通包含：,1,、说明所祝贺,事情,；,2,、,表示,自己真诚、喜悦心情，用词亲切、自然；,3,、说明对方取得,成功等原因,；,4,、表示对,未来祝贺,。,祝贺信,43/79,Dear Ming,We are very,happy to know,that you have successfully passed the College Entrance Examination this year and have been admitted into Peking University.Allow us to give our most,sincere congratulations,on this exciting occasion.,You have all along been working hard at your professional studies,and you are excellent in most subjects.Your success shows that,only hard work,can yield good results.,We take this opportunity to express our,best wishes,to you.Wish you greater achievements in your college education.,Yours cordially,Zhang Ning,44/79,重点句式,1.,衷心祝贺您顺利毕业,Heartiest congratulations upon your graduation.,2.,祝你生日高兴，你是最棒！,I hope your birthday is especially happy;you deserve the best.,3.,我们祝福您在新职位取得成功，期待我们深入合作,We wish you success in your new post and look forward to closer cooperation with you.,45/79,重点句式,2,4,.,祝你好运，祝你幸福,Wish you the best luck and every happiness.,5.,我们对你生活中最幸福事表示真诚祝贺,We sincerely congratulate on the happiest event of your life.,6.,我相信我将获益匪浅,I believe I will derive great benefits from it.,46/79,求职信,祝贺信主要内容普通包含：,1,、应聘什么岗位；,2,、个人情况（学历、经验）；,3,、期望得到回复；,4,、感激。,47/79,写一封担任机械工程师求职信。内容有,:,1.,在,中国日报,看到求职信招聘机械工程师广告；,2.,申请者,25,岁，毕业与交通学院，取得工程技术技术学士,学位，在学院试验室工作三年，有足够工作经验；,3.,随信附上个人简历并期待回复。,48/79,Dear sirs,I am applying for the position of,a mechanical engineer which you advertised in the China Daily.,I am 25 years,old,and,graduated from,Communication University with a B.A.in Mechanical Engineering.I have been,working,in the laboratory at the University for three years and have got enough experience for your needs,so I trust I am qualified to fill your position.,I am enclosing my,resume,and,looking forward to,hearing from you shortly.,yours sincerely,Eve,49/79,1.,我看到贵企业于,6,月,26,日所登招聘秘书广告，假如您能考虑本人对此工作申请，我将不胜感激。,I have read your advertisement in.of June 26 for a secretary,and should be grateful if you consider me favorably as a candidate for the position.,2.,我很愿意为您提供更多相关我学历和工作经历情况,I shall be pleased to provide you with any further information concerning my education and work experience.,50/79,3.,我精通,I have a good command of,4.,这个职位将为我学习和进步提供良机，他对我十分主要。,This position would provide an opportunity for learning and advancement,which is important to me.,5.,我希望您能够考虑我申请，并给与我面试机会。,I hope you would take my application into account favorably and entitle me to an interview.,51/79,6.感激您时间和考虑Thank you for your time and consideration.,7.我随时能够接收面试，请打,号码与我联络I am available for an interview any moment.Please contact me at.,8.随信附上我简历。I have enclosed my resume with this letter.,52/79,慰问信普通包含：,1,、表明消息起源以及听到消息,感受,；,2,、以乐观语言,减轻对方烦恼,、痛苦或悲伤；,3,、衷心希望对方能,早日康复,或高兴，情况会改变等；,4,、提出,愿意帮忙,，并表示关切之情。,慰问信,53/79,听说你昨天晚上骑车被卡车撞伤消息后，我们大为震惊。现在怎么样了？希望伤腿手术顺利，一切安好。,我们将于本周六下午去探望你，相信那时你伤势会大有好转。,衷心祝你早日康复。,54/79,Dear Jerry,We are greatly,shocked to learn that,you were knocked down by a truck while cycling back to the campus last night.How are feeling today?We,do hope,that you are doing well after the operation on you injured leg indeed.,We are coming to see you on Saturday afternoon and,trust that,your condition will remarkably improve by then.,With every,good wish,for your swift recovery!,sincerely yours,members of room 411,55/79,简历（Resume）,56/79,Memo格式,标题 Memo（MEMO）,收件人 To：,发件人 From：,发文日期 Date：,事由 Subject,正文 Message,57/79,1首先memo 这个词有些时候是能够被省得，因为大多数memo都印在专门企业用纸上，假如没有memo这个词，则必须写出来。,2、无须用过于复杂单词，行文应该简练，语言要有礼貌。,58/79,MEMO,To,：,James Palmer,，,Sales Director,From,：,Jane,Regional Sales Manager,Date:23 April,Subject:Survey,As requested by the Managing Director,I have done a consumer research survey concerning our products.The survey showed that the market potential for our own brand shirts could be negligible.,59/79,留言条,时间？谁？事情？要求？,60/79,Apr.20,，,Dear Yang,A Mr.Liu Bing called you this morning but you were not in.He wanted to meet you this coming Saturday,9 a.m.,at the university gate.If that is not convenient for you,you are requested to ring him up at any time evening from 8 p.m.to 10 p.m.at 123454576.,Yours,Amelia,61/79,通知,大二（一）班全体同学将于,年,11,月,20,日在学校图书馆举行一次活动，活动包含诗朗诵、讲故事、唱歌、舞蹈，现以全班同学名义邀请全院同学参加，到时，将请各班主任作为教师代表出席，请参加师生每人准备好一个节目。公布通知日期为,年,11,月,11,日。,62/79,Notice,Were going to have interesting activities in the school library at 8:00 a.m on November 20,.By then,some of us will read poems and some will tell stories.You can also hear wonderful singing and watch beautiful dancing there.We hope all the students can come and join in the activities.All the headmasters will be invited to our activities as representatives of teachers.Please get one performance ready because some of you will probably be asked to give us one.,Students of Class3,Senior2.,November 11,.,63/79,练习,Directions,：,For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic,A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service Campus,.You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below:,假如你是李明，请你就本学校食堂情况给校长写一封信，内容应包含：食堂饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，能够是表彰，也能够是批评提议，也能够都有。,64/79,第一段：称呼,Dear Mr.President,第二段：引出写信目标主题句：,This letter comes to you from _.,扩展句：,In it,some opinions are put forward for you to reflect upon.,第三段：对学校食堂正面看法主题句：,As you know,_.But unfortunately,_.,扩展句：,1,、,_.(,举例,)As a result,_.,2,、,Besides,_.,3,、,And whats more,_.,第四段：对学校食堂负面看法主题句：,Some people may argue that _.,扩展句：,1,、,For instance,_ and _.,2,、,But in my opinion,_.,第五段：结尾，表明自己看法结尾句：,To be belief,though a bit dissatisfied with _.,扩展句：,I do believe that,with the efforts of all people concerned,we can solved the problems there.,Thanks,Li Ming,65/79,图表类文章,图表作文多以,说明文和议论文,为主，要求考生依据所给图表、数据及标题进行,分析,、研究，阅读其中文字和说明，,搞清,各种信息之间关系，,提炼,和确定出文章中心思想。然后进行分析、概括和,归纳,。,66/79,注意：,1,）图表和数据内容,无须全部描述,。,2,）善于,抓住总规律,，趋势，,