实用英语写作-总结版.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,#,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,#,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,#,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,实用英语写作 总结版,Commonly used signs,交通标识,(Traffic Signs),、,商用标识,(Business Signs),、,公共场所常用标识,(Public Signs),Company signs/promoting signs,一、短语类标示语,1.,名词性短语,(n.phrase),问讯台；,夜间服务窗,Night-Service Window,；,收发室,Dispatchers Office,；,太平门,办公时间,Business Hours;,建筑工地,Construction Site;,无购物通道,Non-purchase exit,Information Desk,Emergency Door,；,2.,动词性短语,(v.phrase),(1)“,禁止”类标示语。,“,Dont pick the flowers”,（禁止摘花）,“,Dont tread on the lawn”,（禁止践踏草坪Dont make noise”,（禁止喧哗）,Revised ones,“,Keep away from the flowers,please,.”,“,Take care of the flowers/the grass,please,.”,“,Quiet,please,.”,汉语表示禁止的标识语一般用“禁止,/,请勿,+,动词”结构,而在英语标识语中常用“,No+,名词或动名词”的形式。,任何时间不准停车,No,stopping at any time,；,禁止通行,No,thoroughfare,；,未经允许货车禁止通行,No,trade or business vehicle unless authorized,。,2.,动词性短语,(2)“,指导”类标示语,凭票入场,Admission by Ticket Only,；,谢绝儿童入场,Children Not Admitted;,全已预定,All Reserved;,此路封闭,The Road Closed,2.,动词性短语,二、祈使句式,imperative,请为残疾人让开此座,PLEASE VACATE THIS SEAT FOR A DISABLED PERSON IF REQUIRED,请勿向河中投掷垃圾,PLEASE DO NOT THROW RUBBISH INTO THIS RIVER,三、主谓句式S+P),法规要求系安全带,The law requires you wear a seatbelt,随时停车,This vehicle stops frequently,公共场所常用标识语（,1,）,Children and Senior Citizens Free,儿童与老人免费,Do Not Enter,Alarm Operating,装有警报，禁止入内,Do Not Put(Place)Bicycles Against The Railings,请不要把自行车靠到栏杆上,Do not use this lift as a means of,escape in the event of fire,遇火时，严禁使用此电梯,Fire Construction Points to Note,注意消防设施,Fire Escape,Keep Clear,安全出口，保持通畅,Fire Exit Only,火警出口,For Public Use,公用,Free of Charge,免费,公共场所常用标识语（,2,）,Fully Air Conditioned,空调全面开放,Gates in Use Night&Day,此门昼夜使用,Gents/Men/Mans Room,男厕,Waiting Room and Ladies/Womans Room,女厕,No Admittance,禁止入内,No Bathing,Fishing Allowed In This Pond,此池塘禁止游泳，垂钓,No Charge,不收费,No Entry For General Public,公众不得入内,公共场所常用标识语（,3,）,Non-Smokers Only,仅供非吸烟者,Obstruction of the door can be dangerous,禁止堵塞门口,Open All Year Round/Open All Year,全年开放,Opening Hours:,开放,/,开门,/,营业时间,Please do not leave rubbish here,请不要在此倒垃圾Please feel free to smoke in the lounge,休息室允许吸烟,Please Use Other Doors,请走其他门,Private Function Only,只供私人使用,Public Toilet,公厕,Traffic signs,交通标识,Traffic signs,交通标识,（,1,）,Avoid the Jams,避免交通堵塞,Dangerous Bend,弯道危险,Diverted Traffic,交叉路口,Entry To Motorway,高速入口,Left Junction,左交叉口,Pedestrian Crossing,人行横道,Traffic signs,交通标识,（,2,）,Speed Limit of 48kmh,限速每小时,48,公里,No Parking In Front of This Gate,门前禁止停车,Parking Permitted,允许停车,Strictly No Parking,严禁停车,Bus Stand,公共汽车停车处,In case of fire,stay in vehicle,如遇火警，请呆在车内,Traffic signs,交通标识,（,3,）,Departure Time,离港时间,Departure Times On Reverse,返航时间,Destination Airport,到达机场,Exit to All routes,各通道出口,Traffic signs,交通标识,（,4,）,When the bus is moving,do not speak to the driver,汽车行使中，严禁与司机交谈,Please Keep Gateways Clear,请保持过道畅通,Single or Return Tickets Only,单程或往返程票,商场促销标识（,Promoting Signs,）（,1,）,50%Off on Selected Lines,部分商品降半价,Accessories&Spares Delivered to Your Door配件送货上门,As Many Repairs As You Need,Free of Charge,随时免费维修,Brighter Shopping,Brighter Prices,明智的购物，透明的价格,Buy One and Get Anyone Free,买一赠一,Closing Sale,关门大甩卖,Customer care is our top priority,顾客至上,Final Clear Out,清仓大甩卖,商场促销标识（,Promoting Signs,）（,2,）,商场促销标识（,Promoting Signs,）（,3,）,Free Delivery to Your Door,免费送货上门,Sale at Breakdown Price,跳楼价甩卖,Save Up to 40%,Special Offer,特价,6,折优惠,Section 4,英汉标识语对比,英汉标识语有如下四点,相似,之处：,1,以 为中心,登记处,Registration,咨询台,Information desk,消防通道,Fire Engine Access,机场休息室,Airport lounge,美食街,Food Court,名词,2,以 为中心,推杠报警,Push for Alarm,小心碰头,Mind Your Head,登记入住,Check In,小心轻放,Handle with Care,动词,3.,结构,标识语经常向人们发出一些号召，提出,一些请求或要求以创建舒适有序的环境。,请爱护公共设施,Please Protect Public Facilities,请节约用水,Please Save Water,请出示证件,Please Show Your ID,请排队等候入场,Please Line Up,请,4.,非 结构,标识语的社会功能是对公众进行提示和指示。,或对其行为进行限制和禁止，语料分析显示，英汉标识语都常用肯定句式进行提示或指示，句式简洁，意思清晰；而用否定句式进行约束和限制，语气郑重、严肃，有较强的警示性和权威性,。,请字,2,不同的表达角度,禁止摆卖,No Vendors,非公莫入,Staff Only,伸手出水,Automatic Tap,当心触电,Danger!High Voltage,在表达方式上汉英两种标识语常采用相反的表达角度，,汉语通常采用否定句式,对某种动作或行为 进行禁止，而,英语则直接用肯定句式,表达；,汉语通常 用祈使句提示,公众对某事物作出反应，而,英语则习惯直接用名词短语进行提示,。,3.,对称结构与非对称结构,(,汉语四字成语对偶,),Offer is subject to availability,现货优惠，卖完为止,Keep Away for Safety,注意安全，请勿靠近,Escalator Out of Service,电梯维修，暂停使用,Fire escape to be clear of obstruction,安全出口，保持通畅,4,“禁止请勿,+,动词”结构与“,No+,名词”结 构,汉语,表示禁止的标识语一般用“,禁止请勿,+,动词,”结构，而在,英语标识,语中常用“,No+,名词或动名词,”的形式。例如：,禁止吸食摇头丸,No Drugs,请勿将软包装的饮料带入场内,No Drinks from Outside,请勿乱扔废弃物,No Littering,不准停车,No Parking,5,主动形式与被动形式,英语,民族由于其客观思维习惯，语言表达上多,用,被动,结构，标识语也不例外；而,汉,民族的主观思维,模式使得其在标识语的表达上也惯用,主动语态,，很,少或根本看不到汉语标识语中出现被动语态。例,如：,车位已满,Occupied,已预定,Reserved,暂停,Temporarily closed,此工地必须戴安全帽,Safety helmets must be worn on this site,保证干净舒适,Cleanness and comfort assured,4,礼貌性原则,多用,“please”,“,Thank you”,“,Sorry”“welcome”,等,。,如：“电梯故障停运，正在维修，请原谅”译作,“,Escalator under repair,Sorry for the inconvenience,”，,“请爱护公共财产”译作,“,Please Protect Public Property”,。,5,跨文化传统原则,“,Please offer your seats to the,seniors,，,children,，,pregnant women,，,the sick and the disabled,Thank you,”,考虑到外国老年人不想被人 看作老而无用的心理感受，这里最好用,the seniors”,而不用“,the old”,来译“老人”,6,警示性原则,转弯慢行”虽然汉语中没有警示性字眼，英译时还 是加上“,Caution”,一词为好，,可以译成“,Caution!Turn Ahead Slow Down”,，以突出其警示作用。,Practice,请为下列图形配上英文及中文说明。,（,1,）,（,2,）,（,3,）,（,3,）,First Street,第一大街,（,1,）,（,2,）,（,3,）,（,4,）,Do Not Enter,请勿入内,Stop,停,Yield,请让行,（,1,）,Dangerous Bend,（,2,）,Entry To Motorway,（,3,）,No Parking Except For Loading,（,4,）,Free Prize Draw,（,5,）,Please Join The Main Queue,（,6,）,Private,（,7,）,Do Not Speak To The Driver While Bus Is In Motion,翻译下列英文标识。（,1,）,弯路危险,汽车行驶过程中请勿与司机交谈,机动车道入口,此处卸货 禁止停车,/,装卸区域 禁止停车,免费抽奖,请排队,私人（住宅,/,车道,禁止入内）,（,8,）,Mens Restroom,（,9,）,Fewer Lanes Ahead,（,10,）,No Goods Vehicles Over Maximum Gross Weight Shown,（,11,）,Keep Upright/Stand On End,（,12,）,Dogs Must Be On Leashes,（,13,）,Leisure Time Bowling Center,（,14,）,In Case Of Fire/Use Stairways/Do Not Use Elevators,翻译下列英文标识。（,2,）,男厕,禁止超出所标示最高载重量的货车驶入,前方并线,狗必须系上皮带（绳子）,请勿倒置,/,直立放置,如遇火警,/,请走楼梯,/,勿乘电梯,保龄球馆,（,15,）,Abusive Language Prohibited On Campus,（,16,）,Used Car Dealer,（,17,）,Hairdressing Salon,（,18,）,Locksmith,（,19,）,business hours,翻译下列英文标识。（,3,）,校园内不准说粗话,美发沙龙,/,美发中心,二手车行,/,旧车市场,营业时间,修锁（锁匠）,翻译下列汉语标识（,1,）,（,1,）免税商店,（,2,）车道暂时禁止通行,（,3,）注意防潮,/,保持干燥,（,4,）欲过马路，请按按钮,/,等候过马路的信号,（,5,）装卸区域,/,消防区域,/,建筑工地，严禁停车,（,6,）禁止携犬入内,（,7,）内有消防水带和灭火器,Duty Free,Guard Against Damp/Keep dry,Temporary Lane Closed,Loading Zone/Fire Zone/Construction No Parking,Cross Street/Push Button/Wait For walk Signal,Fire Hose/Fire Extinguisher Inside,No Dogs Allowed,翻译下列汉语标识（,2,）,（,8,）此处不准使用手机,（,9,）请使用旋转门,（,10,）服务台兼彩票出售台,（,11,）注意：旅客专用，扶好扶手，搀好孩子，别靠扶梯边太近,（,12,）除非危险情况否则不准按喇叭,（,13,）无烟校区,No Cellular,seljl,Phone Allowed/Turn Off Cellular Phone,Service Desk/Lottery,Please Use Revolving Door,No Horn Blowing Except For Danger,Caution:Passengers Only/Hold Handrail/Attend Children/Avoid Risk,Drug-Free School Zone,翻译下列汉语标识（,3,）,（,14,）红灯亮时，不准转弯,（,15,）随时照看好你的物品,（,16,）请协助我们，保持地铁清洁卫生,（,17,）请保留车票待检,（,18,）机场休息室,（,19,）失物招领,No Turn On Red,Help us to keep the tube litter free,Never Leave Your Property Unattended,Airport lounges,Please retain your ticket for inspection,Lost Property/Lost and Found,请为下面的标识找出正确的翻译。（,1,）,放射性物品,压缩气体,液体货物,爆炸物,易碎物品,易腐物品,有毒物品,货品标识,EXPLOSIVES,LIQUID,FRAGILE,POISON,PERISHABLE,RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCE,COMPRESSED GAS,请为下面的标识找出正确的翻译。（,3,）,雷达在测速,让行,前面修筑道路,违例停泊车辆将被拖走,公路不准抛垃圾,交通标识语,UNLAWFUL TO LITTER HIGHWAYS,TOW AWAY,SPEED CHECKED BY RADAR,YIELD,ROAD WORK AHEAD,第三题,Week 7 letters,书信,中文信封格式,Writers address,Receivers address,英文信封格式,Writers address,Receivers address,Form,形式,English Letters take,three forms,:,The blocked form,The indented form,The modified form,School of Foreign Languages,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang,Sichuan 621000,China,10 September,2007,Mr.Ronald Purvis,Department of Education,Michigan State University,East Lansing,MI 48824,USA,Dear Sir,A,a,A,a,Yours sincerely,(Signature),The blocked form,School of Foreign Languages,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang,Sichuan 621000,China,10 September,2007,Mr.Ronald Purvis,Department of Education,Michigan State University,East Lansing,MI 48824,USA,Dear Mary,aa,AA,aa,AA,aa,AA,aa,AA,Yours sincerely,(Signature),The indented form,School of Foreign Languages,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang,Sichuan 621000,China,10 September,2007,Mr.Ronald Purvis,Department of Education,Michigan State University,East Lansing,MI 48824,USA,Dear Sir,XX.,a,XXXX,a,Yours sincerely,(Signature),The modified form,Blocked Style Indented Style Modified,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_+_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,Parts,1)the heading,（信头）,2)the inside address,（信内地址）,3)the salutation,（称呼）,4)the body,（正文）,5)the complimentary close,（信尾谦语）,6)the signature,（署名7)the enclosure,（附件）,8)the postscript,（附言）,The Heading,寄信人地址,+,日期,sample,October.2,2013,Dear Mr.Qian,According to our travel plans,we will arrive in Shanghai around January 12.We understand that your school holidays may be starting around that date so that it might be impossible for us to observe classes at that time.Nevertheless,we would like very much to visit your school.If it is convenient,we would appreciate being able to stay at the school guest house during our stay in Shanghai.,Were looking forward to receiving a reply soon.,Sincerely yours,Pamela Smith,第四题,Announcement,The announcement is one kind of proclamatory(,公告的,)practical writing.,If some organizations,groups or individuals want to illustrate something to the public,or want to ask help,or have some requirements to tell the masses,they can write what they want to express briefly into an announcement.,There are various kinds of announcements,such as Found,Lost,and House for Renting,etc.,Oral,宣布一件事,Written,启事,May I have/call your attention,please?,请注意啦！,2.Attention,please,everybody!,大家请注意啦！,3.I have an announcement to make.,我要宣布一个通知。,4.I have something to tell you.,我有事情要告诉你们。,5.I have some good news for you!,我有好消息要告诉你们。,Some commonly-used sentences:,6.There will be a talk this afternoon.,今天下午有一个报告。,7.The Student Union has decided that.,学生会决定,8.We shall have a lecture on.,我们将要听一个关于,的报告。,9.It has been decided that well pay a visit to.,我们已决定要参观,10.Please take your notebook with you.,请随身带着笔记本。,11.Well gather at the school gate at eight tomorrow.,我们明天八点在校门口集合。,12.Please be there on time and dont be late.,请准时到达那儿，不要迟到。,13.I hope you can have a good time.,我希望你们能过得愉快。,14.Thats all.Thank you.,完了，谢谢。,ANNOUNCEMENT,A TALK ON,“ENGLISH TEACHING IN SHENZHEN”,will be given by,Comrade Wu Mingliang,on Saturday,May 10,at 8:30 a.m.,in Room C510,English Department Office,Sample 1,Sample 2 ANNOUNCEMENT,CONCERNED STUDENTS!We need volunteers to work with kids between the ages of 7&17 years.You would be able to gain valuable experiences while working in an activity of your choice(i.e.pool,gym,photography,dancing,weight lifting,etc.).For further information,please contact Barb Graham at the Memorial Boysand GirlsClub(434-6054).,1.,称呼：同学们,2.,口头通知开头套语,3.,具体内容,(,事由、时间、地点、参与人等,),：明天是,3,月,12,日,植树节。为了保护我们的环境，校学生会,(,The Students Union,),决定二年级全体学生明天乘车去西山植树。早晨,7,：,00,在校门口集合，别忘了穿上旧衣服，自带工具和午餐。,4.,结尾套语。,请按以下提示给全班同学做一个口头通知,How to make an announcement?,Boys and girls,Tomorrow is March the 12thTree Planting Day.In order to protect our environment,well go to the West Hill to plant trees there.Please meet at 7:00 in the morning at the school gate.Well go there by bus.Youd better put on your old clothes and bring tools and lunch with you.Dont be late.,Thank you.,A possible version for reference:,第五题（安慰信）,常用词汇：,sorry,遗憾、难过,regret,遗憾,unexpected,料想不到,relief,安慰、慰藉,involvement,卷入,misfortune,不幸,stun,使震惊,consolation,安慰,spare,使幸免于,assistance,帮助,1.Sorry to learn your failure in.,得知你在,中失败，深感遗憾,2.I was so sorry to hear that,听说,我很难过。,3.I regret to hear that,听说,我很遗憾。,4.I couldnt find words to express how sad I was when I learned that,得悉,悲伤之情难以言表。,常用句型：,8.Im sure your trouble will be over soon.,我相信不久困难就会过去的。,9.I could imagine how sorry you are,but I do want you to take it easy.,我能想象你有多么难过，但希望你千万要放宽心。,10.I hope things will be all right soon.,我希望不久一切都会好的。,11.Please let me know if theres anything that I can do for you.,有什么事情我可以帮忙的，请尽管告诉我。,常用句型：,(1),给病人的慰问信,(typical):,Dear Joe,We are distressed to hear that you have been take into hospital,and on behalf of everyone I send you best wishes for a full and speedy recovery.,We will visit you when you are feeling better.Please let us know if there is anything you need while in hospital.,Please do not worry about your work,as we are looking after everything for you during your absence.,Yours Sincerely,*,(2),给蒙受物质损失者的慰问：,Dear Auntie,I was so saddened and shocked to know that your house caught fire last week and great property loss was caused.,But dont worry too much about it.Your property is insured and so you can claim loss.And we kinsfolk will surely do our best to help you.Youll have a new and better house built quite soon.,Ill come to see you next Monday and we can make arrangements for the rebuilding then.,Take care.,Affectionately,Jimmy,第六题,Week 4 Diploma,Certificate,Samples of Certificates,a birth/death certificate,a marriage certificate,a health certificate,a schooling certificate,a certificate of honor,a notarial certificate,a certificate of relationship,(Doctors certificate),Doctors Certificate,June.18,2000,This is to certify that the patient,Mr.Tomas,male,aged 41,was admitted into our hospital on June.9,2000,for suffering from acute appendicitis.After immediate operation and ten days of treatment,he has got complete recovery and will be discharged on June.19,2000.It is suggested that he rest for one week at home before resuming his work.,Jack Hopkins Surgeon-in-charge,Sample,Certificate of Honor,This is to certify that Mr.Zhang Ming has won the first prize at the English Speech Contest sponsored by the English Association of CCBUPT.,English Association of CCBUPT,April,2007,第七题,3.,Invitation cards,请柬,Points in Invitations,Occasion:,open house,awards banquet,anniversary celebration,dinner-dance,retirement party,Date and time:,month,day,year,day of week,a.m.or p.m.(In formal invitations,the time is written out:“Seven oclock in the evening”;a.m.and p.m.are never used.),Address:,If necessary,include driving instructions or map.,Points in Invitations,Beginning,Generally three kinds,A:,X invites you to a reception,(party,etc.)at(place)on(date)at(time),B:,you are warmly(cordially)invited,to attend a reception(party,etc.)at(place)on(date)at(time),C:,X request(s)the pleasure of your company,(the company of Mr.Y)at a reception(dinner,etc.)at(place)on(date)at(time)-,this one is formal,注：除了上述基本内容外，在请柬左右下角还会附有其他说明：,一种是写,R.S.V.P,（请答复），再写电话号码；,R.S.V.P.“,请回复”,=Rpondezsilvousplat.,（法语）,=Reply,ifyouplease.,For regrets only,意思是：若不能参加请回话（反过来，若能参加可不必答复