高考英语语法填空解题技巧与方法57331.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高考英语题型语法填空,高效解题技巧,1/75,语法填空题,概况,在高考英语试题中，取消单项选择题，改为语法填空题，即在一篇约180多词、难度适中短文中有10个空格，要求按照句子语法结构或括号内详细要求完成词形改变、语法填空等。新题型对学生掌握语言点提出了新要求。,2/75,高考英语语法填空解题技巧与方法,3/75,Task:,Brief Introduction,概况,能力要求,考查方式,解题方向,解题步骤,4/75,考纲解读,一篇200字左右短文或对话,3-4个空白依据给出单词正确形式填空,6-7个依据上下文填写空白处所需内容,（,不多于三个单词）,能力考查：,了解语篇、句子结构、,利用语法、单词拼写,5/75,1、阅读/了解,语篇,能力;,2、分析句子结构能力;,3、熟练利用语法能力。,语法填空题能力要求,6/75,语法填空题,解题方向,从语法角度去考虑，填是,语法词,，包含,功效词,和,词形变换,两个方面。,不限定一个词。,7/75,语法填空题,考查方式,语法填空题考查方式，主要有两类：自由填空类和提醒性填空类，这两类考查语言项目有所不一样,自由填空类。,考查语言项目主要有：行文逻辑、连词、介词、关系代词等。在复习这些语法关键点时候，可采取自由填空练习进行训练。,提醒性填空类。,考查语言项目主要有：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、情态动词、冠词等。,8/75,语法填空题,解题步骤,1、浏览全文 把握语篇,2、边读边填 先易后难,3、验证复查 去除难点,9/75,命题揭密,10/75,一读,二填,三检验,三个解题步骤,11/75,分析句子或分析语义,确定词,性,解题三步走,提醒：归根到底其实就是,寻找依据,每一个语法填空空格里所需单词或短语其实都能够在,所在句子中或者上下文中,找到它依据,通读全文,了解大意,总结提升,检验搭配,前后连贯,12/75,一、纯空格试题解题技巧,13/75,解题技巧,在做题过程中，要时时联络上下文，从语篇中去判断空格处应填哪个单词。,1假如,空格后是,名词,（尤其是单数名词），就应该考虑,空格处,是否需要填,冠词,(a,an,the)、,物主代词,(my,your,his等)、,指示代词,(this,that等)、,不定代词,(few,little,many,much,all,each,every,both,neither,other等)、,名词全部格,或,形容词,等进行修饰。,14/75,解题技巧,2、相反，假如,空格是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词全部格或形容词之后,，则应考虑,填名词,。但不要忘记，要考虑名词是否变复数，是否有全部格形式等。,15/75,解题技巧,3.1),填动词,。一定要考虑动词时态和语态，所以动词形式改变也是必不可少。,假如,空格前是助动词,（will,shall等）、,情态动词,（can,may,must等）或是,动词加to形式,，则,空格一定是,。,假如,空格前是have各种形式,，则想到组成,。,假如,空格前是be各种形式,，则想到用,。,动词原形,完成时,进行时态或被动语态,16/75,解题技巧,3.2）考查非谓语动词，包含V-ing形式、V-ed形式和动词不定式。,假如与中心词是主动关系，；,假如与中心词是被动关系，；,动词不定式to do表示未来。,普通用V-ing形式,普通用V-ed形式,17/75,解题技巧,4.空格处还有可能是系表结构，普通填形容词形式。,形容词要,依据上下文来确定,意思，进而确定用哪个单词；,有时也能够,依据前后介词搭配,来确定；,有时括号里会,给出这个单词其它形式,，让你填出形容词形式。,18/75,解题技巧,5.缺乏介词。,介词可位于,名词之前,。如at night,on Sunday等；,也可位于,形容词之后,，如be interested in,be good at等；,还可位于,不及物动词之后,，如listen to,arrive at,look for等。,19/75,解题技巧,6.从句子结构考虑，假如空格前后都有句子，则要依据上下文逻辑关系，选择适当副词或连词。,表示递进：,because,for since等；so,therefore,hence,thus等；,further,furthermore,moreover,in addition等；,but,nevertheless,however,yet,while,although,though,actually,practically等。,表示转折：,表示结果：,表示原因：,20/75,解题技巧,7、当句中主、谓、宾成份都不缺乏时，则应考虑是否,缺乏副词,来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。,常见副词有：always,usually,never,sometimes,not,hard,quite,very,still,almost,already等。,21/75,解题技巧,8、从语境考虑，有时需要用,情态动词,表示特定语气或感情。,Lets have a,try:,22/75,I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains.,The sun was setting when my car,31,(break,)down,near a remote and poor village.Cursing,诅咒,my,misfortune,I was wondering where I was going to,spend the night when I realized that the villagers,who had gathered around me were arguing as to,32,should have the honor of receiving me,33,a,guest in their house.Finally,I accepted the offer of,an old woman who lived alone in a little house.,While she was getting me,34,(settle),into a tiny,but clean room,the head of the village was tying,up his horse to my car to pull it to,35,small town,some 20 kilometres away,36,there was a garage.,23/75,I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table.,37,villagers brought me goats cheese and honey.We drank together and talked,38,(merry),till far into the night.,When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village,I wanted to reward the old woman,39,the,trouble I had caused,40,.,24/75,(whole),Clue?,a story,?,Style:,25/75,I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains.The sun was setting when my car,31,(break),down near a remote and poor village.Cursing my misfortune,I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to,32,should have the honor of receiving me,33,a guest in their house.Finally,I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house.While she was getting me,34,(settle),into a tiny but clean room,the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to,35,small town some 20 kilometres away,36,there was a garage.,broke,who,as,settled,a,where,_,_,_,_,26/75,I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table.,37,villagers brought me goats cheese and honey.We drank together and talked,38,(merry)till,far into the night.,When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village,I wanted to reward the old woman,39,the trouble I had caused,40,.,Other,merrily,for,her,27/75,Grammar items,Numbers of items,1.,动词/,非谓语动词,2(31.,broke 34.settled,),2.,引导词,2(,32.who 36.where,),3.prep.(介词),2(,33.as 39.for,),4.adj.（形容词）,1(,37.Other,),5.adv.(副词),1(,38.merrily,),6.pron.(代词),1(,40.her,),7.article(冠词),1(,35.,a,),真题分析与研究,28/75,Determiner(限定词):,Articles(冠词):,Conj.(连词),Part of speech(词性),others:,v.(-ing,to do,done)非谓语,n./v./adj./adv./prefix/suffix,Noun clauses,（what,if,whether）Adverbial clause,(when,where,why),Attributive clause(which,who,that,whose)等各种从句,some,whole,any,other,indefinite articles 不定冠词(a/an),definite article 定冠词(the),Pron.(代词),I,me,my,mine,myself,转折,并列,递进,引导词,考点,Examples,29/75,The Internet has become part of young peoples life._1_ report shows that 38%of students often use the Internet.Most of them get _2_ (use)information on the Internet _3_ use the Internet to help in their studies.But many students dont use it _4_ a good way.Some play games too much,some visit websites _5_ shouldnt look at.So bad things may happen _6_ students spend too much time on the Internet.,_7_ is important for students to use the Internet properly.Now we have a textbook,_8_ uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet.It gives useful advice.,Some students also make _9_ on the Internet.But if you want to have a face-to-face _10_(meet)with your online friends,let your parents know and meet in a proper place.,A,useful,and,in,they,if,It,which,friends,meeting,30/75,Success ahead!,Thank you!,31/75,例1,（1）Although her father smoked a pipe,only once in a while,she knew that this was,a present which was bound to please _.,（09广东）,him,技巧1,：,主句缺主语或宾语，,一定是填,代词或名词（词）。,2.Jane was walking around the department store.She remembered how difficult _was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father,.,(),3.,They need each other _ physically and emotionally.,it,both,32/75,例.he would open the box,take out an imaginary kiss,and remember the love of this beautiful child _ had put it there.,who,技巧1,：,定语从句缺主语或宾语，一定是填适当关系词，如：,who,that,which,whom。,33/75,例,.Cursing my misfortune,I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing to,_,should have the honor of receiving me(07广东）,who,技巧1,：,名词性从句,缺主语或宾语，依据句子意思填适当词，如：who/whom,what,34/75,技巧2,：,定语从句 缺,地点状语,用_,缺,时间状语,用_，缺,原因状语,用_。,例2.The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to,a small town,some 20 kilometres away,_,there was a garage.,where,why,when,where,35/75,例._ old you are,its not too late to make your life more interesting.,However,技巧2,：,状语从句,缺,地点状语,用_,缺,时间状语,用_，,缺,原因状语,用_，,缺,方式状语,用_。,where/wherever,when/whenever,why,how/however,36/75,例.,It is said that the father kept that little gold box by his bed for all the years of his life._ he was discouraged or faced with difficult problems he would open the box,take out an imaginary kiss,and remember the love of this beautiful girl.,When/Whenever,37/75,技巧3,：当空格后面是,名词，,若充当成份，填,限定词,（冠词，形容词性物主代词，不定代词），很可能是填,限定词,。,例3.（1）It is said that _ short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(920-1279)was very anxious to help _ rice crop grow up quickly.,his,a,（2）,The young man went home with a happy heart.After the student left,the teacher let _ student taste the water.（),another,38/75,技巧4,：,介词,使用要注意,搭配,和,上下文语境,提醒。,例4.The little girl looked _ at him with tears rolling from her eyes and said:“Daddy,its not empty.I blew kisses into it,_,_ it was all full.”,up,until,39/75,例5.Two world-famous artists,Pablo Picasso_ Candido Portinari,which are worth millions of dollars.,and,技巧5,：若空格前后为并列,单词、短语或句子之间，填,连词,。,40/75,例6.Listen to these words from Darwin P.Kingsley:“You have powers you never dreamed of.You can do things you never thought you _ do.,(2)He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife,but he _ bring home a regular salary.,could,did,技巧6：,若结构完整，空格后谓语动词是原型，且又与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很有可能是填,_,或,_,。,情态动词,表示强调或倒装助动词（do,does,did等）,41/75,例7(1),_ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG(味精).,(2),_ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.,It,Only,技巧7：,由,特殊句式结构,来判断空格应填词,42/75,二、给出了动词试题解题技巧,43/75,例1.(1)That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation,_(close)my book and walked away.,closed,（一）,：若括号中给出动词为,谓语动词,考点为,时态,和,语态,，时态考虑要,瞻前顾后,。,was told,gave,(2)Young Beethoven _ (tell)that he had no talent for music,but he _ (give)some of the best music to the world.,44/75,（二）,：,若句中已经有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用 doing形式，done形式，还是 to do 形式。非谓语形式一定要考虑,它与其逻辑主语之间,关系。,45/75,1._(complete)the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.,To complete,followed,saying,2.He saw the stone,_(say)to himself:“The night willl be very dark.”,3.The headmaster went into the lab,_(follow)by the foreign guests.,46/75,（三）词类转换题解题技巧,词类转化题巩固练习,47/75,1.“Thirty-five cents,she said36_(rude).,2.One of the 33_(bad)gift choices I had ever made was for my high school English teacher,3.39_ (fortunate),I then noticed that I had just only 10 minutes left.!,4.It was his 32_(nine)year of school and his academic career seemed to be in ruins,so I was angry.,5.As far as I am concerned,my 37_(suggest)is that we should always have a notebook.,6.It would be _ (believe)that such an honest man should have betrayed his friends.,ninth,rudely,worst,suggestion,Unfortunately,unbelievable,48/75,.语法填空题,空格设计,纯空格,有提醒词给出了动词试题,词类词义转换题,谓语动词，非谓语动词,词类转换,名词，形容词，副词，,形容词或副词比较级,或最高级,介词，连词，代词，冠词，,从句引导词，情态动词，,强调助动词等,49/75,When you are in England you must be very,careful in the streets,1,the traffic drives on,the left.Before you cross a street you must look,to the right first,2,then the left.In the,morning and in the evening when people go to or,come from,3,the streets are very busy.,Traffic is most,4,(danger)then.,When you go by bus in England,you have to,be careful,5,.Always remember the traffic,moves on the left.So you must be careful.,6,(have)a look first,or you will go,7,wrong way.,In many English cities,there are big buses,8,two floors.Your can sit on the,9,(two),floor,10,you can see the city very well.Its,very interesting.,because,and,work,dangerous,too,Have,the,with,second,where,50/75,Most Americans dont like to get advice,1,members of their family.They get advice from “,2,(strange)”.When they need advice,they dont usually go,to people they know.,3,many of them write letters to,newspapers and magazines,4,give advice on any,different subjects,5,(include)family problems,the use of language,health,cooking,child care,clothes,6,even on how to buy a house or a car.,Most newspapers,7,regular)print letters,from readers with problems.Along with the letters there,are answers,8,(write)by people who are supposed,to know how to solve such problems.Some of these,writers are doctors,9,are lawyers or educators.But,two of the most famous writers of advice are women,without special,10,(train)for this kind of work,.,from,strangers,Instead,that,including,and,regularly,written,Others,training,51/75,Thanks a lot!,52/75,依据此表，我们知道，语法填空考点或考查内容是：,(1)纯空格题：,通常考,等四类词。一个空格只能填,个单词,(2)用括号中所给词填空：,通常考 _、_、_等。一个空格能够填,个单词,冠词、介词、代词和连词,一,动词,形容词和副词比较级、最高级,词类转换,一,二或三,My car _(repair)now.,is being repaired,53/75,Group Work,Discuss the following sentences with your partners,and try to find out some similarities of the words we use.,考点分析,语法填空要求依据上下文填入,动词(verb),、,名词(noun)、代词(pronoun)、冠词(article)、介词(prep.)、情态动词(modal verbs)、连词(conj)或引导词、形容词(adj.)和副词(adv.),等词或其适当形式,54/75,3.the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to,small town,some,20 kilometers away.,考点一：冠词,无提醒词,名词,之前,Once there were a goat and a donkey.So the farmer killed 40_ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.,When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure,I think of Donnie.He was 35_ shy,nervous perfectionist,.,the,a,考查语法点:定冠词、不定冠词使用方法,考点分析,a,55/75,解题技巧,以下情况很可能填,：,(1)_+可数名词(单数)；,(2)_+形容词+可数名词(单数)。,以下情况下很可能填,：,(1)_(+定语)+名词+of等介词短语(表示特指)；,(2)_(+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；,(3)_(+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。,考点分析,不定冠词,定冠词,56/75,1 Hes _ amazing singer,a music video director,and he 2 _ university/European/unique building/useful book3 This is _ law of Americanof all successful people.,4,hour,honest boy,_ 8-year-old boy,X-ray photo/umbrella/American,an,a,the,an,57/75,考点二：介词,无提醒词：注意搭配问题,与名词连用组成介宾短语担任,表语、状语,补语,等,与不及物动词组成动词短语,接宾语,1.In short,I believe that it is 39_ great use to keep a dairy in English,2.When I took the money from her grandparents,I looked back 34_the girl,who was giving me the most optimistic smile I had ever seen.,3.She found some good quality pipes,_,sale.,4.He was very tired,_,doing this for a whole day,of,at,考查语法点:介词基本使用方法及惯用搭配,考点分析,on,from/after,58/75,考点三：,代词,无提醒词,作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词性和名词性物主代词区分。,指示代词（that和this，these和those）,不定代词，,it,反身代词等使用方法,考查语法点:代词基本使用方法,考点分析,1.She remembered how difficult,_,was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.,2.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in my village,I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _.,3.It has been said before,but experiencing it myself has made _ want to say it again:a smile,it,her,me,59/75,考点分析,解题技巧,因句子主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词等充当，而名词、动名词通常会放在有提醒词空格中考查，所以,纯空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填代词，,包含人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词(不能作主语)等。,在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了,。,60/75,考点四：并列连词或隶属连词,无提醒词,两个主谓结构连接,1.Historically,it was famous for industry,which explains,16,the area is called the Black Country.,(广州一模),2.It got its name during the industrial revolution,17,factory pollution turned the local sky black and local dust from the mines made the soil the same color.,3,.Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display.,4.One day,he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches,why,when,考查语法点:各类复合句中隶属连词使用方法,考点分析,where,that,61/75,解题技巧,(1)连接两个功效对等单词或短语时，应填并列连词and,or,but，so，for，eitheror等。,(2)若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有并列连词，那空格处必定是填隶属连词，不然，句子结构就不完整。,依据两句之间意义和逻辑关系，或者依据句式结构，确定是并列句(多要求考生填and,but,or so，for，eitheror等)还是某种主从复合句。然后依据各类从句特点，结合连接词意义和使用方法，确定填详细某个连词。,考点分析,62/75,考点五：谓语动词,有提醒词,与主语组成主谓结构,1.I was certain she would like it because I _(tell)by my classmates that she loved hot food.,2.His fear of failure _(keep)him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon.,3.Being too anxious to help an event develop often _(result)in the contrary to our intention.,was told,kept,考查语法点:谓语动词时态及语态,及主谓一致,考点分析,results,63/75,考点六：非谓语动词,有提醒词,常考查,doing/done/to do,使用方法,We must also consider the reaction of the person 32_(receive)the gift.,.I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left _(complete)the rest!,My pupils,Donnie 40_(include),adored her.,4.Before the waitress could even finish describing the menu,my friend looked at me with his eyebrows(眉毛),(raise,).,receiving,to complete,included,考查语法点:非谓语动词doing/done/to do等使用,考点分析,raised,64/75,5._(complet