高考英语复习专题一语法知识第二讲动词的时态与语态市赛课公开课一等奖省名师优质课获奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第二讲动词时态与语态,专题一语法知识,1/75,栏目索引,考点1,普通现在时与现在进行时比较,考点2,普通现在时与现在完成时比较,考点3,普通过去时与现在完成时比较,考点4,普通过去时与过去完成时比较,考点5,普通过去时与过去进行时比较,考点6,普通未来时与未来进行时比较,考点7,现在完成时与现在完成进行时比较,考点8be going to,与will表未来比较,考点9,被动语态,解题方法,方法1经过,“,时态标志词,”,解题,方法2经过,“,固定结构,”,解题,方法3经过,“,语境暗示,”,解题,方法4遵照语态优于时态标准,强化练(二),2/75,1.People _ better access to health care than they used to,，and they,re living longer as a result.(,北京，33),A.will have B.have,C.had D.had had,考点1,普通现在时与现在进行时比较,解析,句意为：人们有了比过去更便捷医疗服务，结果，人们更长寿了。句子说是现在情况，故用普通现在时，选B项。have access to有权使用，有机会靠近。,答案,解析,1,2,3/75,2.Hi,，let,s go skating.,Sorry,，I,m busy right now.I _ in an application form for a new job.(,北京，22),A.fill B.have filled,C.am filling D.will fill,解析,句意为：嗨，我们去滑冰吧。抱歉，我现在很忙。我正在填一份新工作申请表。依据时间状语right now提醒可知，空格处应为正在进行动作，故用进行时。,答案,解析,1,2,4/75,考点归纳,普通现在时表示经常性、习惯性或永久性状态；现在进行时表示现在正在进行动作，或现阶段一直进行动作(说话时未必正在做)。另外，在时间或条件状语从句中惯用普通现在时表示未来；go，come，leave，start，arrive，take，meet等表示趋向动词现在进行时也可表示未来。,Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much.,青少年正在损害自己健康，因为他们玩电脑游戏时间太长了。,5/75,You,d better write down her phone number before you forget it.,(,重庆，4),在你忘记之前最好把她电话号码写下来。,Hurry up!Mark and Carl are expecting us.,快点！马克和卡尔正在等我们。,6/75,1.He,s been informed that he _ for the scholarship because of his academic background.(,江苏，31),A.hasn,t qualified B.hadn,t qualified,C.doesn,t qualify D.wasn,t qualifying,考点2,普通现在时与现在完成时比较,解析,句意为：他被通知，因为其教育背景，他没资格取得这笔奖学金。本空谓语动词qualify在这里用作不及物动词，表示,“,有资格，有权利,”,，此处并不表示延续性动作，而是说明,“,他不合格,”,这一实际情况，所以用普通现在时否定式doesn,t qualify,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,7/75,2.I _ half of the English novel,，and I,ll try to finish it at the weekend.(,北京，25),A.read B.have read,C.am reading D.will read,解析,句意为：我已经读完这本英文小说二分之一了，我会争取在周末读完。前一分句表示到现在已经完成动作，而且这个动作结果对现在情况仍有影响，故用现在完成时。,答案,解析,1,2,3,8/75,3.In the last few years,，China _ great achievements in environmental protection.(北京，26),A.has made B.had made,C.was making D.is making,解析,句意为：在过去几年里，中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大成就。依据in the last few years可知，该句用现在完成时态，所以选A。,答案,解析,1,2,3,9/75,考点归纳,普通现在时表示经常性、习惯性或永久性状态；现在完成时则强调过去发生动作到现在已完成，但这个动作结果对现在仍有影响。,The manager has just left.If only you had come a moment earlier.,经理刚走，你要是能早来一会就好了。,10/75,1._that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?,Yes.They are happy with it.(,北京，24),A.Did you call B.Have you called,C.Will you call D.Were you calling,考点3,普通过去时与现在完成时比较,解析,句意为：昨天你给那家企业打电话问询他们对我们产品印象怎样了吗？打过了，他们对我们产品很满意。由yesterday(昨天)可知，句子用普通过去时。D项是过去进行时，与语境不符。,答案,解析,1,2,11/75,2.The reports went missing in and nobody _ them since.,(,纲领全国，32),A.sees B.saw,C.has seen D.had seen,解析,句意为：这些汇报在年不见了，从那以后再没有些人见到过它们。since表示,“,自从,之后,”,，常与现在完成时连用。,答案,解析,1,2,12/75,考点归纳,普通过去时表示过去某时发生动作或情况，与现在没有联络，常与表示过去时间状语连用。而现在完成时表示从过去开始连续到现在动作或情况，常与一段时间连用或表示过去发生动作对现在造成影响或结果，常与already，ever，never，yet，just等词连用。,Have you seen my dictionary?,Yes,，I saw it on your bed yesterday.,你见过我词典吗？,是，我昨天看见在你床上。,13/75,Have you heard about the recent election?,Sure,，it has been the only thing on the news for the last three days.,你听说最近选举没有？,当然，这是最近三天唯一新闻事件。,14/75,1.In the 1950s in the USA,，most families had just one phone at home，and wireless phones _ yet.(北京，29),A.haven,t invented,B.haven,t been invented,C.hadn,t invented,D.hadn,t been invented,考点4,普通过去时与过去完成时比较,解析,句意为：在20世纪50年代美国，大多数家庭家里仅有一部电话，无线电话还没有被创造出来。由in the 1950s可知句子说是过去发生事情，又由yet可知，要用完成时，故空格处用过去完成时；又因phones与invent之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。综合可知，选D项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,15/75,2.When walking down the street,，I came across David，whom I _ for years.(天津，3),A.didn,t see B.haven,t seen,C.hadn,t seen D.wouldn,t see,解析,句意为：沿街走路时，我偶然碰到了戴维，我们已经有好几年没见了。,“,没见,”,表示动作在came across之前，且for years是完成时标志，所以应选表示过去完成时hadn,t seen,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,16/75,3.The real reason why prices _,，and still are，too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.,(江苏，30),A.were B.will be,C.have been D.had been,解析,句意为：物价过去很高，现在依然居高不下，其真正原因是复杂，不是两三句话能圆满解释。依据空格后面and still are(而且现在依然是)判断，前面是指物价过去情况，应用普通过去时，故选A项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,17/75,考点归纳,普通过去时表示动作发生在过去；而过去完成时表示在过去某个动作发生之前已经发生或完成动作或存在状态，即,“,过去过去,”,。,Tom and I became friends in,，although we had actually met several years before.,汤姆和我在年成为朋友，尽管几年前我们就见过面。,I found the lecture hard to follow because it had started when I arrived.,我发觉演讲极难懂，因为当我抵达时已经开始了。,18/75,1.I_ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.(,天津，8),A.was driving B.have driven,C.would drive D.drove,考点5,普通过去时与过去进行时比较,解析,句意为：我正开车(was driving)去伦敦，这时突然发觉我走错路了。be doing.when.是固定句式，表示,“,正在做,这时,”,。,答案,解析,1,2,19/75,2.Is Peter coming?,No,，he_ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.,(重庆，1),A.changes B.changed,C.was changing D.had changed,解析,句意为：彼得会来吗？不来了，他打完电话之后最终一刻改变了主意。依据句子时间状语,“,after a phone call at the last minute,”,可知，彼得改变主意是过去发生动作，所以应该用普通过去时。,答案,解析,1,2,20/75,考点归纳,普通过去时仅说明动作发生在过去，不强调动作延续性；而过去进行时则强调在过去某一时间正在进行动作。另外，正如现在进行时有时可表示普通未来时一样，过去进行时也可表示过去未来时。,After Jack had sent some e-mails,，he started working on his project.,杰克发了一些电子邮件后，就开始做起他项目。,James has just arrived,，but I didn,t know he was coming until yesterday.,詹姆斯已经到了，不过直到昨天我才知道他要来。,21/75,1.Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.,All right.I _ him later.(,北京，30),A.will call B.have called,C.call D.will be calling,考点6,普通未来时与未来进行时比较,解析,句意为：杰克逊医生现在不在办公室里。好吧。我晚些时候再给他打电话。由时间副词later可知，call是未来要发生动作，空格所在句子应用普通未来时态，所以答案为A。,答案,解析,1,2,22/75,2.Jane can,t attend the meeting at 3 o,clock this afternoon because she _ a class at that time.(,天津，6),A.will teach B.would teach,C.has taught D.will be teaching,解析,句意为：简不能参加今天下午3点钟会议，因为她那个时候正在给一个班上课。时间状语at that time指代at 3 o,clock this afternoon,，表示在未来某一时刻正在做某事，故用未来进行时。,答案,解析,1,2,23/75,考点归纳,普通未来时表示将要发生动作或存在状态；而未来进行时强调未来某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行动作。,By the time you have finished this book,，your meal will get cold.,到你看完这本书时候，饭菜就会凉了。,Could I use your car tomorrow morning?,SureI will be writing a report at home.,明天早晨我能够用你汽车吗？,当然能够。那时候我将正在家写汇报。,24/75,1.Dashan,，who _ crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.,(江苏，29),A.will be learning B.is learning,C.had been learning D.has been learning,考点7,现在完成时与现在完成进行时比较,解析,句意为：大山已经学习相声中国传统喜剧形式数十年了，他想把中国相声与西方单口相声融合起来。依据时间状语for decades和主句谓语动词wants可知，此处表示从过去到现在(有可能延续到未来)动作，故此处要用现在完成进行时。,答案,解析,1,2,25/75,2.How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?,Well,，the media _ it in a variety of forms.(江苏，23),A.cover B.will cover,C.have covered D.covered,解析,句意为：你对即将在南京举行青奥会了解多少？嗯，媒体已经以各种各样形式对它进行了报道。由句意可知cover动作已经发生，故用现在完成时，强调对现在造成影响或结果。,答案,解析,1,2,26/75,考点归纳,现在完成时表示过去发生动作或存在状态到现在已经完成，侧重于结果或影响；而现在完成进行时则表示过去发生动作或存在状态一直连续到现在，而且还在进行或刚才完成，强调动作延续性。,I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me?,Sorry,，I haven,t played the piano for years.,我记得在大课时你是一个钢琴天才，你能为我弹奏一曲吗？,抱歉，我好多年都没有弹钢琴了。,27/75,Tony,，why are your eyes red?,I have been cutting up peppers for the last five minutes.,托尼，为何你眼睛那么红啊？,过去5分钟我一直都在切辣椒。,28/75,What time is it?,I have no idea.But just a minute,，I _ it for you.(北京，31),A.check B.checked,C.will check D.would check,考点8be going to,与will表未来比较,解析,句意为：几点了？我不知道。稍等，我帮你看一下。由just a minute可知，下文表示暂时决定，应用普通未来时，故选C项。,答案,解析,29/75,考点归纳,be going to,表示按计划或安排将要发生事情；而will不强调行为计划性，多指暂时决定或安排。,Mary is ill.I am going to visit her.,Sorry,，I didn,t know.I will go with you.,玛丽病了，我打算去看她。,抱歉，我不知道，我和你一起去。,30/75,1,2,3,4,5,1.He hurried home,，never once looking back to see if he_.,(江苏，27),A.was being followed B.was following,C.had been followed D.followed,考点9,被动语态,解析,句意为：他慌忙回家了，一次也不曾回头看看有没有些人在跟踪他。这里if引导宾语从句用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻(hurried home)正在进行动作。又因he与follow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。综合可知选A项。,答案,解析,6,31/75,1,2,3,4,5,2.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _ with success in the end.(,北京，30),A.rewarded B.were rewarded,C.will reward D.will be rewarded,解析,句意为：学生们一直努力学习功课，他们付出最终会取得成功。由句意可知，reward这一动作发生在have been working之后，故用未来时态；reward和efforts之间为被动关系，所以用普通未来时被动语态。故选D。,答案,解析,6,32/75,1,2,3,4,5,3.To my delightI _ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.(福建，26),A.was chosen B.was being chosen,C.would choose D.had chosen,解析,句意为：令我高兴是，我从几百位申请者中被选出来参加开幕式。首先，句子主语I和choose之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态；其次，本句是对过去所发生事情客观描述，所以用普通过去时。故答案为A项。,答案,解析,6,33/75,1,2,3,4,5,4.We won,t start the work until all the preparations _.,(,天津，11),A.are being made B.will be made,C.have been made D.had been made,解析,句意为：直到全部准备工作都做完了，我们才开始工作。not.until.引导时间状语从句中用普通现在时或现在完成时代替未来时，从句动作make发生在主句动作start之前，故用现在完成时表示将要完成动作。,答案,解析,6,34/75,1,2,3,4,5,5.It,s so cold here!Why not close the door?,Sorry.It _.I,ll have it repaired as soon as possible.,A.won,t shut B.won,t be shut,C.doesn,t shut D.isn,t shut,解析,句意为：这里太冷了，为何不关上门？很抱歉，门关不上了，我会尽快找人来修理。won,t,与一些动词连用，表示主语所处状态，而非强调动作本身，普通用主动形式表示被动含义。,答案,解析,6,35/75,6.In freezing weather,，snow _ turn into ice，which is easy to _.,A.may,；be slipped B.can；slip,C.can,；slip on D.must；slip on,解析,情态动词can在此处表示客观可能性；Ice is easy to slip on.相当于It is easy to slip on ice.在sb./sth.be,adj,.,to do结构中，主语为不定式逻辑宾语，应用主动形式表示被动含义。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,36/75,考点归纳,1.,只有及物动词或短语才有被动语态；不及物动词或短语无被动语态。,Many stars appear in the sky at night.,晚上天空会出现很多星星。,Great changes have taken place in my hometown since the reform and opening.,改革开放以来，我故乡已经发生了巨大改变。,37/75,2.,被动语态组成为,“,be,过去分词,”,，只要变换be形式就能够得到不一样时态被动语态；除be外被动语态组成形式还有：get/become过去分词。,Her car got stolen at the weekend.,她车在周末被人偷了。,Tigers become endangered.,老虎濒临灭绝。,38/75,3.,感官动词或使役动词使用省略to动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。如：let，have，see，notice，watch，listen to，hear，observefeel等。,The boss made them work twelve hours every day.,They were made to work twelve hours every day.,老板让他们天天工作十二小时。,39/75,4.,主动形式表示被动含义：,(1),系动词feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是事物。,The water feels warm.,水摸起来很暖和。,The dish smells good.,这道菜闻起来很香。,(2),表示开始、结束、运动词如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，shut等。,When does the concert begin?,音乐会什么时候开始？,The windows wouldn,t open.,窗子打不开了。,40/75,(3),表示主语某种属性词：read，write，act，cut，draw，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook，lock，look，shut等。,The cloth washes well.,这种布料好洗。,The book sells quickly.,这书销售得快。,Cheese cuts easily.,奶酪很好切。,(4),在,“,主语be形容词不定式,”,句型中，有时主语是不定式结构逻辑宾语，这时应用主动形式表示被动含义。适合于此结构形容词比较多，最惯用有hard，dangerous，difficult，easy，important，nice，pleasant等。,That question is difficult to answer.,那个问题不轻易回答。,Chicken,s legs are nice to eat.,鸡腿很好吃。,41/75,(5),表示,“,需要,”,need，want，require以及be worth后动词-ing形式，用主动形式表示被动含义。,The shoes need washing.,鞋子需要洗了。,The book is worth reading.,这本书值得一读。,42/75,方法1经过,“,时态标志词,”,解题,做时态题时首先要在题干中寻找时态标志词，不一样时间状语代表动作发生时间点或时间段不一样。,常见时态标志词有：,1.,普通现在时：always，every time，now and then，occasionally，seldom，sometimes，often，usually等。,2.,现在完成时：up to now，so far，recently，already，yet，in the past few years，for时间段，since时间点以及since引导从句等。,解题方法,43/75,3.,过去完成时：by过去时间，by the end of过去时间，by the time.等。,4.,未来进行时：at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow等。,5.,未来完成时：by未来时间，by the end of未来时间，before.等。,44/75,典例,1,More efforts，as reported，_ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.(江苏，22),A.are made B.will be made,C.are being made D.have been made,解析,句意为：正如报道那样，要加紧供给侧结构改革，今后几年要付出更多努力。依据时间状语in the years ahead可知，此处要用普通未来时，再结合主语more efforts与动词make之间为被动关系可知答案为B。,答案,解析,45/75,典例,2,Silk _ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.(浙江，9),A.had become B.was becoming,C.has become D.is becoming,解析,句意为：到大约公元前 100 年时，丝绸就已成为沿丝绸之路进行交易主要货物之一。,“,by,过去时间,”,作状语，谓语应用过去完成时态。,答案,解析,46/75,典例,3,Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?,The new,Star,Wars,.We _ here for more than two hours.,(,北京，23),A.waited B.wait,C.would be waiting D.have been waiting,解析,句意为：请问，你们在等哪场电影？最新星际大战，我们在这儿已经等了两个小时了。由句中时间状语,“,for more than two hours,”,可知，动作从过去延续到现在，并对现在产生直接影响，且动作还可能延续，故用现在完成进行时。故选D。,答案,解析,47/75,方法2经过,“,固定结构,”,解题,对含有固定结构时态题，要快速定位，依据该句型选取正确时态。,常见固定结构有：,1.had done sth.when.,刚做完某事这时,2.be doing sth.when.,正在做某事这时,3.,在,“,It(This)is the best(worst,，most interesting等)名词从句,”,中，从句中谓语用现在完成时。,48/75,4.,在,“,It(This)is the first/second/third.time,that 从句,”,中，,that,从句中谓语动词用现在完成时；在,“,It(This)was the first/second/third.time,that 从句,”,中，that从句中谓语动词用过去完成时。,5.,在hardly(scarcely).when.，no sooner.than.句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用普通过去时，意思为,“,一,就,”,。,6.,在,“,祈使句and/or陈说句,”,结构中，陈说句谓语动词为will do。,49/75,典例,Jack _ in the lab when the power cut occurred.,(北京，21),A.works B.has worked,C.was working D.would work,解析,考查时态。句意为：杰克正在试验室里工作这时突然停电了。be doing.when.(某人)正在做某事，这时,，是固定句式。由occurred可知停电是发生在过去某一详细时刻，故用过去进行时，选C。,答案,解析,50/75,方法3经过,“,语境暗示,”,解题,近年来高考试题对时态考查要求越来越高，大部分试题趋向情境化、实际化。考生要捕捉有效信息，充分了解情境，综合利用所学知识，灵活答题。,51/75,典例,Did you have difficulty finding Ann,s house?,Not really.She_ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.(,北京，27),A.was to give B.had given,C.was giving D.would give,解析,句意为：你们找到安家有困难吗？不是极难。她已经给了我们很清楚指导，我们很轻易就找到了。依据问句可知，,“,找到安家,”,这件事发生在过去，而给出指导,”,应该是发生在,“,过去过去,”,，应用过去完成时态，所以答案为B。,答案,解析,52/75,方法4遵照语态优于时态标准,这一标准非常主要，在处理这类问题时，我们应首先考虑语态问题，即动词与主语之间是主动还是被动关系。利用这一标准能够直接得出一些试题答案，或者能够有效地缩小选择范围，提升解题准确度。,53/75,典例,Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement _ so far by the two sides.(天津，9),A.has been reached B.was reached,C.will reach D.will have reached,解析,句意为：尽管以前进行了多轮会谈，但到当前为止双方还未达成任何协议。由no agreement与reach之间为被动关系可知，排除C、D两项；由时间状语so far(常和现在完成时连用)可判断，用现在完成时，所以答案为A项。,答案,解析,54/75,强化练(二),1.Lucy _ writing her essay by 10,：00 this morning.After that，she listened to music for a while.(天津十二所重点中学二模，6),A.will finish B.finishes,C.has finished D.had finished,解析,句意为：Lucy今天早晨10点以前写完了她论文。之后，她听了一会儿音乐。由时间状语by 10：00 this morning可知，事情发生在,“,过去过去,”,，故需用过去完成时，选D。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,55/75,2.They must be very tired now,，for they _ in the field the whole morning.(红桥区二模，7),A.worked B.are working,C.had worked D.have been working,解析,句意为：他们现在一定很累，因为他们在田地里劳作了一早晨了。语境表明动作一直连续到现在，而且还可能连续下去，故用现在完成进行时，选D。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,56/75,3.Are we about to have dinner?,Yes,，it _ in the dining room.(和平区一模，6),A.serves B.is serving,C.is being served D.has been serving,解析,句意为：我们准备吃饭吗？是，餐厅里正在上饭。由语境可知说是正在发生事；答句中it指dinner，serve表示,“,端上,”,，饭是,“,被端上桌,”,，故需用现在进行时被动语态，选C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,57/75,4.How are you today?,Oh,，I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time.,(河东区一模，3),A.didn,t feel B.wasn,t feeling,C.haven,t felt D.don,t feel,解析,答句句意为：噢，我已经很长时间没有像现在这么难受了。依据句中时间状语,“,for a very long time,”,可知，此处表示过去状态,“,没这么难受,”,长时间地连续到了现在，故用现在完成时，故选C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,58/75,5.Monitor?,I,m not monitor of our class.I _ the teacher until the monitor is elected.(,南开区二模，11),A.will just help B.am just to help,C.am just helping D.have just helped,解析,句意为：班长？我不是我们班班长。我只是暂时帮助老师直到班长选出来。现在进行时表示,“,暂时性和暂时性,”,，故选C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,59/75,6.I,ve finally finished my paper and it_ me an entire month.,(,和平区二模，6),A.was taken B.takes,C.took D.had taken,解析,句意为：我现在已经完成论文了，这件事花了我一个月时间。对于现在来说该动作已经结束，所以用普通过去时，故选C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,60/75,7.Do you know when your mother _ to pick you up?,At 11,：40 am.(北京海淀区二模，32),A.had come B.is coming,C.has come D.would come,解析,句意为：你知道你妈妈什么时候来接你吗？早晨11：40。此处用现在进行时表示未来，故选B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,