3G(UMTS)网络与协议讲义.pptx

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级第四级,第五级,*,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,*,本资料来源,3G(UMTS),网络与协议,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,3,3G(UMTS),网络与协议,1.3G,综述,2.,关键技术,3.UE,的初始接入过程,5.HSDPA,业务过程分析,6.,总结,4.CS,业务呼叫流程,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,4,3G(UMTS),网络与协议,1.3G,综述,2.,关键技术,3.UE,的初始接入过程,5.HSDPA,业务过程分析,6.,总结,4.CS,业务呼叫流程,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,5,3G,综述,移动通信标准的演进,网络拓扑结构的演进,MO,流程,主要内容,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,6,Evolvement of Mobile Comm Standard,1G(80s),NMT,AMPS,TACS,J-TACS,Others,FDMA,450/800/900MHz,2G,(90s),GSM,900/1800/1900,CDMA,IS-95,TDMA,IS-136,PDC,TDMA,、,CDMA,800/900/1800/1900MHz,3G(2000),IMT-2000,CDMA,+,TDMA,+,FDMA,2GHz,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,7,3G,目标和标准,3G,目标3G,标准,提供更高的带宽和全球漫游,支持有线和无线通信服务的无缝融合,支持电路交换和分组交换业务,支持多媒体和实时业务,对新业务提供更为灵活的支持,WCDMA,CDMA2000,TD-SCDMA,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,8,3G,标准组织,ITU,CWTS,3GPP,：,Third Generation Partnership Project,，,3G,伙伴计划,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,9,3GPP,标准,Release 99(R3),2000,年,3,月正式发布,3GPP TS AB.XYZ v3.n.m,Release 4(R4),2001,年,3,月正式发布,3GPP TS AB.XYZ v4.n.m,Release 5(R5),2002,年,3,月正式发布,3GPP TS AB.XYZ v5.n.m,Release 6(R6),2005,年,3,月正式发布,Release 7,（,R7,）,21 series,Requirements specifications,22 series,Service aspects,23 series,Technical realization,24 series,Signalling protocols,25 series,UTRA aspects,26 series,Codecs,27 series,Data,28 series,Reserved for future use,29 series,Signalling protocols(NSS),30 series,Programme management,31 series,UIM(User Identity Module),32 series,Operation and Maintenance,33 series,Security aspects,34 series,Test specifications,35 series,Algorithms,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,10,UMTS,发展历程（一）,10,k,100,k,64,k,1,M,2,M,1,k,98,99,00,01,02,时间,速率,bps,9.6,SMS,EDGE,电路型,分组型,话音,GPRS,2.5,代,WCDMA,CDMA-2000,TD-SCDMA,3,代,HSCSD,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,11,UMTS,发展历程（二）,GSM,只能提供,9.6kbps,的电路型数据业务。,高速电路交换数据（,HSCSD,）可提供,n*9.6kbps,的数据业务（目前,n,6,，用户最高数据速率为,57.6kbps,）。,GPRS,是一种面向无连接的技术，提高了对无线资源的利用率。速率可达,171.2kbps,。,GSM,和,GPRS,都可以采用新的高电平调制方式,EDGE,提高调制的有效性，用户数据速率可达,384kbps,。,UMTS,（,Universal Mobile Telecommunications System,，通用移动通信系统）是采用,WCDMA,空中接口技术的第三代移动通信系统。可提供高达,2Mbps,的空口速率。,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,12,UMTS,系统构成,UTRAN,（通用陆地无线接入网）处理所有与无线有关的功能,CN,（核心网）处理,UMTS,系统内所有的话音呼叫和数据连接，并实现与外部 网络的交换和路由功能,UTRAN,、,CN,与,UE,（用户设备）一起构成了整个,UMTS,系统,CN=PS+CS,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,13,3G,综述,移动通信标准的演进,网络拓扑结构的演进,MO,流程,主要内容,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,14,UMTS R99,网络结构及接口,Co-operating,Networks,User Equipment,Radio Access Network,Core Network,Note:Not all interfaces areshown and named,BSC,BTS,Um,Abis,BSS,F,HLR,D,C,EIR,AUC,E,A,GMSC,Gf,Gn,SGSN,Gb,Gr,Gn,SGSN,GGSN,Gs,Gc,Gi,Gd,Iu,CS,MSC/,VLR,G,H,Gp,Iu,PS,RNC,Node B,Uu,Iur,Iub,RNC,Node B,Iub,RNS,RNS,UTRAN,Iur,ME,Cu,or,SIM-ME i/f,USIM,SIM,MS,ISDN,PSTN,PSPDN,CSPDN,PDN:,-Intranet,-Extranet,-Internet,-X.25,SMS,MSC/,VLR,SCF,ME,SIM-ME i/f,SIM,MS,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,15,R99,网络的特点,与,2G,相比，主要改进在无线部分,R99,核心网在逻辑上划分为电路域和分组域,电路域基于,TDM,承载技术，分组域基于,GPRS,技术,接入网和核心网之间的,Iu,接口采用,ATM,，适应接入网采用新的无线技术（,WCDMA,）,核心网仍采用,64K TDM,交换,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,16,UMTS R4,网络结构及接口,F,HSS(HLR),C,AUC,Gf,SGSN,Gr,Gn,Gc,Gi,Gd,H,SMS,Co-operating,Networks,User Equipment,Radio Access Network,Core Network,Note:Not all interfaces areshown and named,BTS,Um,Abis,BSS,F,D,C,EIR,AUC,A,GMSCServer,Gf,Gn,Gb,Gr,SGSN,GGSN,Gs,Gc,Gd,Iu,CS,MGW,H,Gp,Iu,PS,RNC,Node B,Uu,Iur,Iub,RNC,Node B,Iub,RNS,RNS,UTRAN,Iur,ME,Cu,or,SIM-ME i/f,USIM,SIM,MS,ISDN,PSTN,PSPDN,CSPDN,PDN:,-Intranet,-Extranet,-Internet,MSC/VLR,Server,SCF,ME,SIM-ME i/f,SIM,MS,MGW,MSC/VLR,Server,Mc,Nb,Nc,MGW,Nb,Mc,Mc,E,G,Nc,T-S,G,W,BSC,C,SMS,SCF,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,17,R4,网络的特点,R4,网络和,R99,相比，主要的变化在,CS,域，,PS,域和无线网络基本没有变化；,R4 CS,域基于呼叫控制与承载分离的思想，将,MSC,分为,MGW,和,MSC Server,；,R4,核心网内部的信令采用,IP,传输；,在核心网络上体现了,NGN,的体系构架思想；,电路域由,TDM,中心节点交换型演进为典型的分组话音分布式体系结构，业务逻辑与底层承载相分离；,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,18,UMTS R5,网络结构及接口,BTS,Um,Abis,BSS,A,RNC,Node B,Uu,Iur,Iub,RNC,Node B,Iub,RNS,RNS,UTRAN,Iur,ME,Cu,or,SIM-ME i/f,USIM,SIM,MS,ME,SIM-ME i/f,SIM,MS,BSC,F,HSS,C,Gf,SGSN,Gr,Gn,Gc,Gd,SMS,Co-operating,Networks,User Equipment,Radio Access Network,Core Network,F,D,C,GMSCServer,Gf,Gn,Gb,Gr,SGSN,GGSN,Gs,Gc,Gd,Iu,CS,MGW,Gp,Iu,PS,MSC/VLR,Server,SCF,MGW,MSC/VLR,Server,Mc,Nb,Nc,MGW,Nb,Mc,Mc,E,G,Nc,T-S,G,W,C,SMS,SCF,IMS,ISDN,PSTN,PSPDN,CSPDN,PDN:,-Intranet,-Extranet,-Internet,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,19,R5,网络特点,是全,IP,组网的第一个版本,IP UTRAN(Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network),，无线接入部分,IP,化,增加,IMS IP,多媒体域,HSDPA(High Speed,DownLink Package,Access),高速下行分组接入，最高下行速率,8,10M bps,将,SIP(Session Initial Protocol),作为呼叫控制协议,引入,IP V6,增强的,QoS(Quality of Service),ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,20,UMTS,体系结构,Iu,接口,Iur,接口,Iub,接口,WCDMA,无线接口介绍,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,21,UTRANUMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network,CNCore Network,UEUser Equipment,Iu,UTRAN,UE,Uu,CN,UMTS,体系,结构,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,22,RNS,RNC,RNS,RNC,Core Network,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Iu,Iu,Iur,Iub,Iub,Iub,Iub,UTRAN,体系结构,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,23,Iu,接口体系结构,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,24,移动性管理功能,位置区报告,SRNS Relocation,RNC,间硬切换和系统间切换,无线接入承载（,RAB,）管理功能,RAB,的建立，更改，释放,Iu,数据传输,正常数据传输,异常数据传输,UE-CN,连接信息的透明传输,Iu,接口功能（,1,）,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,25,寻呼（,Paging),Iu,释放,安全性模式控制,过载控制,公共,UE ID,（,IMSI,）的管理,Iu,信令跟踪管理,Iu,接口异常管理,CBS(Cell Broadcast Service),控制,Iu,接口功能（,2,）,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,26,支持,RNC,间移动性的基本功能,支持,SRNC relocation,RNC,间的,Cell Update,和,URA Update,RNC,间寻呼,报告协议错误,专用信道功能,切换时，在,DRNC,中建立、更改、释放专用信道,Iur,接口上,DCH,传输块的传输,通过专用测量报告过程和过虑控制管理DRNS中的无线链路,RL,的管理，压缩模式的管理,Iur,接口功能,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,27,公共信道功能,Iur,接口上公共传输信道,的建立，删除，公共传输信道用于传输,DRNC,中处于公共信道状态,UE,的信息,将,MAC-d,和,MAC-c,相分离,MAC-d,和,MAC-c,之间的流控,全局资源管理（Global Resource Management),RNC,间公共测量,RNC,间,Node B,定时信息传输,Iur,接口功能,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,28,公共功能,公共传输信道管理,Iub,公共信道数据传输,NodeB,逻辑,O&M,（小区配置，故障管理，闭塞等维护功能）,系统信息管理,公共测量,资源核查,异常管理,定时和同步管理,Iub,接口功能（,1,）,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,29,专用功能,专用传输信道管理,无线链路（,RL,）,监控,专用测量管理,定时和同步管理,上行外环功控,Iub,专用数据传输,下行功率漂移的平衡,压缩模式控制,Iub,接口功能（,2,）,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,30,协议总体结构,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,31,接口协议结构的原则是层与平面在逻辑上相互独立，如果需要，在将来的协议版本协议层、甚至一个平面内的所有层可以改变。,UTRAN,接口的一般协议模型,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,32,Main Reference Iu CS,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,33,Main Reference Point Iu PS,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,34,Main Reference Point-Iub,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,35,3G,综述,移动通信标准的演进,网络拓扑结构的演进,MO,过程,主要内容,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,36,UMTS,系统为高层（,NAS,，非接入层）提供承载，所有信令流程的最终目的是为了建立这些承载,对于语音通信而言，最终目的就是建立,用户平面,以传递语音，为了搭建用户平面，还需要涉及到专用控制平面的建立过程,3.MO,过程,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,37,在,Iub,接口上为,RRC,连接，全程仅有一个,在,Iu,接口上，可能会映射成两个,Iu,连接，一个对应于CS,域；另一个对于,PS,域,建立,Iu,连接时，应在,CS,域和,PS,域分别用,Initial UE Message,消息来建立,释放,Iu,连接时，在,CS,域和,PS,域应分别进行，即分别发送,Iu Release Command,消息,原则,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,38,RNC,Node B,MSC,SGSN,PS,域的,Iu,连接,CS,域的,Iu,连接,RRC,连接,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,39,（,1,）MO,流程（一）,Node B,RNC,UE,UE,Node B,RNC,RL Setup Request,RL Setup Response,NABP,NABP,NABP,NABP,ERQ,ALCAP,ALCAP,ECF,ALCAP,ALCAP,DL Synchronization,Iub-FP,Iub-FP,UL Synchronization,Iub-FP,Iub-FP,【RACH】RRC Connection Request,RRC,RRC,RRC,RRC,【FACH】RRC Connection Setup,建立,DCCH,信道,这些操作的最终目的是要建立,DCCH,给,UE,使用在此之后的,RRC Connection Setup Complete,消息就可以从建立好的,DCCH,上传送给网络,RRC,RRC,DCCH,信道,RRC Connection Setup Complete,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,40,MO,流程（二）,CN,Node B,Node B,RNC,RNC,CN,MM Identity Response,RANAP Direct Transfer,RANAP,RANAP,Initial Direct Transfer(MM),RRC,RRC,MM Identity Request,RANAP Direct Transfer,RANAP,RANAP,Common ID,（,IMSI,）,RANAP,RANAP,网络将,UE,的,IMSI,告知,RNC,，,RNC,将之与,RRC,连接关联起来，,MM CM Service Request,RANAP Initial UE Message,RANAP,RANAP,DL direct transfer(MM),RRC,RRC,UL direct transfer(MM),RRC,RRC,携带,LAI,、,TMSI,，,RNC-id,，,Iuid,等信息,当网络内不存在该,TMSI,，将启动身份识别过程，该过程可选,Request:who are you?,Response:I,m XX(IMSI),ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,41,MO,流程（三）,CN,Node B,Node B,RNC,RNC,CN,MM Authentication Request,RANAP Direct Transfer,RANAP,RANAP,MM Authentication Response,RANAP Direct Transfer,RANAP,RANAP,DL direct transfer(MM),RRC,RRC,UL direct transfer(MM),RRC,RRC,Security Mode Complete,RRC,RRC,RRC,RRC,Security Mode Command,Security Mode Command,RANAP,RANAP,鉴权过程：验证用户身份,(1)Request:Prove Who you are,？,(2)Response:Here is the proof,RANAP,RANAP,Security Mode Complete,加密过程：,(1)Request:Let,s talk in our secret language,(2)Complete:OK,I agree!,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,42,MO,流程（四）,CN,Node B,Node B,RNC,RNC,CN,CC Setup,RANAP Direct Transfer,RANAP,RANAP,DL direct transfer(CC),RRC,RRC,UL direct transfer(CC),RRC,RRC,RL Reconfiguration Ready,NBAP,NBAP,NBAP,NBAP,RL Reconfiguration Prepare,RAB Assignment Request,QoS,）,RANAP,RANAP,Setup,：,I want to talk with xxx(telephone number),CC Call Proceeding,RANAP Direct Transfer,RANAP,RANAP,Call Proceeding:Wait a moment!I,m processing now!,重新配置无线链路，同步方式,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,43,MO,流程（五）,Node B,Node B,RNC,RNC,CN,CN,RAB Assignment Response,RANAP,RANAP,ERQ,ALCAP,ALCAP,ECF,ALCAP,ALCAP,ECF,ALCAP,ALCAP,ERQ,ALCAP,ALCAP,DL Synchronization,Iub FP,Iub FP,UL Synchronization,Iub FP,Iub FP,建立,Node B,与,RNC(Iub,接口,),之间 的用户面承载,Radio Bear Setup,RRC,RRC,RRC,RRC,Radio Bear Setup Complete,建立,UE,与,Node B(Uu,接口,),之间的用户面承载,建立,CN,与,RNC(Iu,接口,),的用户面承载ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,44,MO,流程（六）,RNC,CN,Node B,Node B,RNC,CN,CC CONNECT,RANAP Direct Transfer,RANAP,RANAP,CC ALERT,RANAP Direct Transfer,RANAP,RANAP,DL Direct Transfer(CC),RRC,RRC,RRC,RRC,DL Direct Transfer(CC),RRC,RRC,UL Direct Transfer(CC),RANAP,RANAP,CC:CONNECT ACK,RANAP Direct Transfer,用,ALCAP,过程建立,用,RAB Assignment,过程建立,用,RB setup,过程建立,DCH,DCH(,用户面,),通 话 状 态,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,45,MO,流程（七）,CN,Node B,Node B,RNC,RNC,CN,CC DISCONNECT,RANAP Direct Transfer,RANAP,RANAP,UL Direct Transfer(CC),RRC,RRC,RRC,RRC,DL Direct TransferCC),RRC,RRC,UL Direct Transfer(CC),RANAP,RANAP,CC RELEASE,RANAP Direct Transfer,非接入层,(NAS),释放过程,RANAP,RANAP,CC RELEASE ACK,RANAP Direct Transfer,RANAP,RANAP,Iu Release Command,从这一时刻开始，进入接入层,(AS),的释放过程,RB Release Complete,RRC,RRC,RB Release,RRC,RRC,DCH,通过,RB Release,过程释放,UE,和,UTRAN,之间的用户平面,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,46,MO,流程（八）,RNC,CN,Node B,RRC Connection Release,RRC,RRC,RRC,RRC,RRC Connection Release Complete,NBAP,NBAP,RL Deletion Request,NBAP,NBAP,RL Deletion Response,RLC,ALCAP,ALCAP,ALCAP,ALCAP,REL,DCH(,用户面,),RLC,ALCAP,ALCAP,ALCAP,ALCAP,REL,DCH(,控制面,),释放,RRC,连接,释放无线链路,释放,UE,占用的传输用户数据的用户平面承载,释放,UE,占用的传输控制信令的控制平面承载,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,47,MO,流程（九）,RNC,CN,Node B,DCH,DCH(,用户面,),ALCAP,REL,RLC,ALCAP,ALCAP,ALCAP,释放,UE,占用的传输用户数据的承载,RANAP,Iu Release Complete,RANAP,Iu,连接的释放完成,SCCP,RLSD,SCCP,SCCP,RLC,SCCP,释放,SCCP,连接。至此整个通话过程的信令流程结束！,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,48,3G(UMTS),网络与协议,1.3G,综述,2.,关键技术,3.UMTS,核心网网络及协议,5.,业务过程分析,6.,总结,4.UMTS,无线接入网网络及协议,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,49,关键技术,多址技术,&CDMA,功率控制,切换类型,主要内容,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,50,移动通信的多址接入技术回顾,Frequency,Time,Power,Frequency,Time,Power,Frequency,Time,Power,FDMA,TDMA,CDMA,FDMA,是采用频分的多址技术,.,业务信道在不同频段分配给不同的用户。,TDMA,是采用时分的多址技术。业务信道在不同的时间片段分配给不同的用户。,CDMA,是采用扩频的码分多址技术。所有用户在同一时间、同一频段上、根据不同的编码获得业务信道。,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,51,Interference Sources,Spreading,Encoding&Interleaving,Correlator,Decode&,Deinterleaving,Baseband,Data,Baseband,Data,1920 kbps,3840 kbps,Transmitter,Receiver,f,c,f,c,0,0,多址接入,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,52,扩频与解扩（,DS-CDMA,）,扩频,解扩,码片,符号,数据,扩频码,扩频信号,=,数据,码字,扩频码,数据,=,扩频信号,码字,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,53,扩频与解扩（,DS-CDMA,）,期望信号,其他用户信号,期望的扩频信号,扩频码,解扩后的数据,其他扩频信号,积分后的其他信号,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,8,-8,1,-1,8,-8,解扩后的其他信号,相关接收机的基本操作,积分后的数据,处理增益,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,54,多址接入,要点,：,1,、扩频过程,：,先扩频码扩频，再加扰码；,2,、比特速率,=,码片速率,(3.84,MHz)/,扩频增益,；,3,、通过加入扰码信号可以从不同的发送器,(,终端或机站,),分离。,DATA,扩频码,码片速率,3.84MHz,扰码,码片速率,3.84MHz,比特速率,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,55,WCDMA,中码的使用,在一个小区内,:,所有,UE,需共享相同的频率,-,CDMA,正交码区分用户和一个用户的不同的信道,(,多码传输,),Channelization codes(,信道码,),在整个网络内,:,多个发射机,(RBS,UE),需在一个地理区域共享相同的频率,接近正交的码区分从不同发射机发射的信道,Scrambling codes(,扰码,),ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,56,Orthogonal Codes,正交码的作用,OC1,OC2,OC3,OC4,OC5,OC6,OC7,OC1,OC2,OC3,OC1,OC2,OC1,OC2,OC3,OC4,上行,:,正交码用于区分从一个用户终端发出的不同信道,下行,:,正交码用于区分从一个基站发出的不同信道,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,57,WCDMA,扰码的作用,PN,3,PN,4,PN,5,PN,6,PN1,PN,1,Cell Site“1”transmits using PN code 1,PN,2,PN,2,Cell Site“2”transmits using PN code 2,上行,:PN,码用作区分不同的用户终端下行,:PN,码用作区分不同的基站,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,58,基础知识,VS,关键技术,多址接入,&CDMA,切换类型,主要内容,功率控制,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,59,什么是功率控制,?,-,发射机根据不同的路径损耗调整发射功率,.,为什么要功率控制,?-,主要为了解决远,-,近效应,-,目标是所有的用户有相同的信号干扰比,SIR(Signal to Interference Ratio).,怎样进行功率控制,?-,开环功率控制,(,最初没有信令,).,闭环功率控制,(,有信令信道,持续不断,);1500,次,/s,相对变化,;,增大或减小功率,.,-,外环功率控制,-,内环功率控制,功率控制,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,60,每个用户对于其他用户都相当于干扰，远近效应严重影响系统容量,Power,f,采用功控技术减少了用户间的相互干扰，提高了系统整体容量,功率控制技术,远近效应,Power,f,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,61,功率控制技术,P(,初始值,),开环功控,P(SIR,目标值,UL),P(SIR,目标值,DL),内环功控,DL-TPC,UL-TPC,SIR,目标值,DL,测量,BLER,DL,下行外环功控,RNC,SIR,目标值,UL,测量,BLER,UL,上行外环功控,BLER=Block Error Rate,（误块率）,SIR=Signal to Interference Ratio,（信噪比TPC=Transmit Power Control,（发射功率控制）,ZCTT property/Use pursuant to company instruction,Page,62,三种功率控制,开环功率控制,从信道中测量干扰条件，并调整发射功率。,闭环内环功率控制,测量信噪比和目标信噪比比较，并向移动台发送指令调整它的发射功率，,CDMA,闭环功率控制频率为,1500Hz,。,若测定,SIR,目标,SIR,，降低移动台发射功率,若测定,SIR,目标,SIR,，增加移动台发射功率,闭环外环功率控制,测量误帧率（误块率），,10-100Hz,调整目标信噪比。,ZCTT property