商务报章杂志文章翻译Unit2市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,商务报章杂志文章翻译,Unit 2,1/53,请翻译以下两篇短文并指出翻译难点所在：,l.Technological development and the economic growth dependent on it have brought about great changes in the economic systems which were described by the classical economists.Production has been concentrated into a few large corporations,such as the oil companies and the automobile producers.At the same time,it has been the practice for large companies to buy whole or controlling interests in unrelated areas of production:aircraft companies which own radio and television stations or even book publishing companies,for example.Some of these large corporations are frequently operating in many countries of the world;they are then called multi-national companies.,2/53,请翻译以下两篇短文并指出翻译难点所在：,2.总看，加入世贸组织利大于弊。这主要与两个问题相关，一个是我们承诺按照国际经贸规则办事，一个是逐步开放我国市场。这么做有利于改进我国投资环境，吸引外资；有利于我们依据国际市场竞争要求，加紧经济结构调整；有利于我们建立一套符合国际通行做法外经贸法制体系，促进我国社会主义市场经济发展。,3/53,一、商务报章杂志文章界定与功效,（一）商务报章杂志文章界定,商务报刊杂志文章是指相关金融、贸易、财政、市场、创业、管理等题材叙述或评论性文本，普通包含报纸、商业杂志以及其它商务类读物中新闻报道、综述、分析评论、专业论文、案例分析、年度汇报等。,这些报纸和杂志譬如英文经济学家(The Economist)、商业周刊(Business Week)、金融时报(Financial Times)、纽约时报(New York Times)等，汉字商业时代（原名商业经济研究）、财经、中国合作经济、中国农资、中国市场等。这些报章杂志上文章通常都是最为常见商务报章杂志文章。,4/53,（二）商务报章杂志文章主要功效,商务报章杂志文章主要含有信息功效。该类文章为人们提供普通商务新闻或普通商务信息、专业商务知识和商务实践案例分析，所以其信息功效非常显著。,商务报章杂志文章内容包括商务各个领域，如企业日常事务、会计、营销、投资、商业伦理、成本管理、企业行政管理、创业、各国经济情况、贸易往来等各个方面。读者经过阅读该类文章就能够取得相关上述商务领域信息，可依据这些信息进行商务运作、商务估测和商务理论研究等。,5/53,二、商务报刊杂志文章文体特点及翻译,商务报刊杂志文章既然指商务报刊杂志文章或学术性商务文章，那么在语言上也有其独特地方。总体来讲，商务报刊杂志文章使用通常是正式叙述性或议论性话语，语气比较客观，用词比较正规，语法和句式比较规范。有说明性、概括性较强，有专业性论文则彰显出较强学术性。,（一）英文商务报刊杂志文章文体特点及翻译,（二）汉字商务报刊杂志文章文体特点及翻译,6/53,1用词特点及其翻译,(1)新闻报道用语,英文商务报章杂志文章在词汇方面会出现一些新闻报道用语，来显示所述内容准确性和客观性，如according to、some believe that/it is believed that、as point out、sb.says、report、confirm等，这些用语在翻译成汉语时很轻易找到对等表示方式，如“依据”、有些人认为”、“正如指出”、“说”、“报道”、“确认”等。,7/53,(1)新闻报道用语,例1：Some believe that Chinese brands will become a global phenomenon within a decade,marketed on quality and exotic appeal as well as competitive price.,有些人认为，因为质量上乘、格调独特、价格极具竞争力，中国品牌十年内会成为全球品牌。,例2：Of course,global sales do not mean global brands,as many enterprise leaders point out.,当然，正如许多企业领导指出，全球销售并不意味着全球品牌。,8/53,(1)新闻报道用语,例3：Observers say reforms that at first sight appear to be relatively simple have turned out to be a nightmare because individual countries are so reluctant to remove any barrier that might reduce their importance in the overall financial system.,现察家们认为，乍一看去似乎相对简单改革变成了噩梦，因为有些国家不愿消除可能会减弱他们在整个金融体系中主要性障碍。,9/53,(2)专业术语,商务报章杂志文章因为包括不一样领域，所以会包括不一样商务领域专业词汇。譬如，相关管理就包含很多管理方面术语；相关投资就有投资方面术语；相关营销就有相关营销术语，等等，不一而足。以下选自英文报章杂志文章句子中就有不一样商务领域专用词汇，这些术语在汉语译文中普通都能找到对应术语。,10/53,(2)专业术语,例4：Since,profit rates,were falling in some big,basic sectors of the economy,corporations tried for quicker and larger,returns,by investing in,retail,services,and,financial speculation,.,因为一些大基础经济部门利润率开始下降，所以各企业纷纷经过投资零售业、服务业和佥融投机业以获取更加快更高收益。,11/53,(2)专业术语,例5：Early-stage investments in young companies in,high growth sectors,represent an area where US venture capitalists can fill a gap,given that European firms tend to focus on mid and late,venture capital,.,欧洲企业倾向于把重点放在中长久风险资本上，而对高增加部门中新企业进行早期投资是美国风险投资者能够操作一个领域。,例6：For example,a manufacturer of basic materials and its major,distributor,work closely to revamp their shared,supply chain,.,譬如，基础材料生产商及其主要分销商亲密合作，改变其共享供给链。,12/53,2语法特点及其翻译,(1)时态特点及其翻译,商务报章杂志文章大多是新闻报道或学术文章，这些文章普通重在强调所提供信息实效性和客观性，所以英文商务报章杂志文章多使用现在时，尤其多使用普通现在时，从而增加文章说服力和可信度。因为汉语动词在时态上不会出现屈折改变，所以翻译时只要忠实于原文就不会出现时态错译。,13/53,(1)时态特点及其翻译,One of the key elements of a successful marketing strategy is a thorough understanding of who your customers are and what“needs”they are looking to satisfy.Customer groups or segments can be identified and each targeted with marketing activity that specifically addresses their particular needs.In order to meet customer needs and remain competitive,it is important to identify and respond to any changes in customer needs and attitudes in your industry and in the broader economic climate.It is therefore vital that you assess your business environment when developing your marketing strategy.,14/53,(1)时态特点及其翻译,成功营销策略中一个关键原因就是要彻底了解你客户是谁，他们“需求”怎样。能够确定客户群，有针对性地为每一客户群举行营销活动，重视客户特殊需求。为满足客户需求，保持竞争力，有必要发觉你所在行业中以及更大经济范围内客户需求和态度上改变，并对此做出反应。所以，关键在于，制订营销策略时就要评定自己所在业务环境。,15/53,(1)时态特点及其翻译,当然，也有商务文本，尤其是新闻报道倾向依据事情发生时间采取过去时，但不影响译文。,例9：The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is not unduly concerned about tumbling stock markets,although an economic slowdown would affect demand for crude,the head of Libyas OPEC delegation said.,石油输出国组织(OPEC)利比亚代表团团长认为，尽管经济发展速度减缓可能会影响对原油需求，但石油输出国组织没有过分关注暴跌股票市场。,16/53,(2)语态特点及其翻译,不论是英文商务报章杂志文章还是学术性商务文章中，被动语态使用并不频繁，而是主动语态占了多数。,17/53,例10：There is still a sense in the markets that a strong economy means higher inflation,and a weak economy means lower inflation.But over the past decade,the growth/inflation relationship has become a lot fuzzier,because the processes that influence inflation have changed drastically.A lot of market folks still havent caught on,which can lead to misguided expectations about Federal Reserve policy and interest rates.To begin with,the Fed has built enormous credibility as an inflation fighter,and central banks around the world have placed a new emphasis on inflation control.These efforts have held down expectations of future inflation among both businesses and consumers.With expectations more firmly anchored,its harder for inflation to spiral upward as an economy strengthens.(From A Stronger Economy?Yes.Higher Inflation?No by James C.Cooper,Business Week,February 5,P.25),18/53,(2)语态特点及其翻译,市场上依然存在这么认识，即发达经济意味着高通胀，落后经济意味着低通胀。但过去十多年来，增加与通胀之间关系变得含糊，因为影响通胀过程发生了很大改变。有些市场人士没有认识到这一点，所以造成对美联储政策和利率错误预期。首先，美联储已经建立了很强信用度来反抗通胀，世界各央行深入强调通胀控制，这些工作降低了企业和消费者对未来通胀预期。因为预期相对固定，所以通胀极难随经济发展而螺旋上升。,19/53,(3)句式结构特点及其翻译,英文商务报章杂志文章句式相对比较简单，即使使用复合句，也并不是复杂复合句，而且简单句用得多，只不过是复杂简单句，即经过一些分词短语和介词短语使简单句略显复杂，使用扩展简单句是英文新闻报道文体一个主要特点，“新闻报道文体要求一个简单句能容纳尽可能多信息，所以新闻报道者经常将简单句基本句型给予扩展，组成扩展简单句(expanded simple sentences)。”（刘世生等，:218）另外，英文商务报章杂志文章还经常使用插入语。因为“插入语含有相正确独立性，它能够对所报道事件进行补充说明，从而为读者提供更多背景资料”（刘世生等，:218）。,20/53,(3)句式结构特点及其翻译,例11:The company responsible for bringing change to this rural outpost:China Mobile Ltd.Since it was spun off from fixed-line operator China Telecom Corp.in,China Mobile has grown into the worlds biggest cellular carrier.The company is singing up nearly 5 million new customers a month and recently topped the 300 million mark-more than the entire population of the U.S.In,revenues grew 21%,to$37.8 billion,and net income 23%,to$8.7 billion,estimates Deutsche Bank.And its Hong Kong-traded shares more than doubled in the past year,giving China Mobile a market capitalization of$198 billion and making it the most valuable cellular carrier on earth.The company also has global ambitions:On Jan.22,it announced it was buying 89%of Paktel Ltd.,Pakistans fifth-largest cellular carrier.(From Chinas Mobiles Hot Signal by Dexter Roberts,Business Week,February 5,P.42),21/53,(3)句式结构特点及其翻译,例11译文：给这一农村地域带来改变是中国移动通信集团企业。自年从固定电话运行商中国电信企业分离以来，中国移动通信集团企业已经成为全球最大移动电话企业。该企业一个月内与近500万新客户签约，客户总数最近突破3亿，超出美国总人口数。德意志银行预计，年，中国移动通信集团企业销售收入增加21%，达378亿美元，净收入增加23%，达87亿美元。过去一年其港股（H股）市值增加了一倍多，给中国移动通信集团企业带来了1980亿美元市值资本，从而使该企业成为世界上市值最高移动电话商。该企业还有向全球拓展业务雄心：1月22日，其宣告将购置巴基斯坦第五大移动通讯运行商Paktel企业89%股份。,22/53,(3)句式结构特点及其翻译,假如是复杂长句，译者就要采取“层层剥笋”方法，先把原文进行拆分，然后依据逻辑关系，按照汉语表述习惯进行重组。,例12：Much of Clear Medias success is due to changes that have swept China since it started opening its markets after jointing the World Trade Organization two years ago.,白马户外媒体企业成功得益于两年前中国加入世界贸易组织后开放其市场以来整个中国发生改变。,23/53,3语气特点及其在翻译中把握,商务报章杂志文章既然包含商务报道和商务论文，那么其语气偏于正式。从上文用词特点、语法特点和句式结构特点，我们能够看出，因为使用商务术语较多，语法和句式结构比较规范，所以它们表现出语气也就比较正式。譬以下面一段英文即使句式结构比较简单，但语气还是相当正式，那么翻译时候，应该注意要传达出原文语气。要做到这一点，普通要使用汉语中正式词汇和文言词汇来取代口语词汇和白话词汇。,24/53,例13：There are a number of steps for member states to follow when bringing a case before the WTO dispute settlement system.First,members in disagreement over a given issue are required to take part in consultations.If consultations fail to settle a dispute,the member which brings the case has the right to request that a panel be established by the Dispute Settlement Body.The responding country has the right to refuse the appointment of the first panel assigned;however,this is limited to the establishment of the first panel only.Once appointed,the panel generally has 60 days to produce a final report.Then the panel reports its findings to WTO members for re-view.Finally the Dispute Settlement Body has two months to adopt or reject the panels report.Both member states of a dispute have the ability to appeal panel findings.This makes the dispute settlement process longer,often for 3-4 months.,25/53,3语气特点及其在翻译中把握,组员国将案件提交世界贸易组织(WTO)争端处理体系应遵照以下步骤。首先，在某一特定问题上存在争议组员国应进行磋商。若磋商未能处理争端，诉讼国有权要求争端处理机组成立一专门小组，应诉国有权否决第一个专门小组任命，但仅限于第一个小组任命。一旦得到任命，该专门小组通常有60天时间完成一份最终汇报。然后，专门小组将其调查结果提交WTO组员国审议。最终，争端处理机构有两个月时间决定接收或否决专门小组汇报。争端双方能够就专门小组调查结果提起诉讼，但这会延长争端处理过程，普通可达3-4个月。,26/53,文体特点,翻译策略,词汇,使用反应准确性和客观性新闻报道用语,翻译成汉语中反应准确性和客观性新闻报道用语,使用不一样商务领域专门术语,翻译成汉语对应专业术语,句法,时态多使用现在时,译为现在时,语态多使用主动,译为主动,使用扩展简单句和复杂复合句,分析句子，层层剥笋，找出逻辑关系，依据汉语表示习惯将信息重组，但确保意思不变,语气,语气偏于正式,忠实传达原文语气，可借助文言词汇和正式词汇来代替白话词汇和口语词汇,27/53,（二）汉字商务报章杂志文章文体特点及翻译,1用词特点及其翻译,(1)新闻报道用语,汉字商务报章杂志文章会出现“据悉”、“据报道”、“依据调查”、“依据预计”、“统计数据显示”、“另有消息称”、“从处了解到”“指出”等等。这些表示方式在英文中基本能找到对应表示方法，如as is reported，it is reported，according to the survey，it is estimated,statistics show that，以及it is learned from that,28/53,(1)新闻报道用语,例14：据德国媒体报道，欧洲空客企业将废除当前每七天35小时工作制，而将其延长至40小时。,As is reported by German media,European Airbus will abolish its mechanism of 35 work-hours and prolong them to 40.,例15：记者从福建省证券期货业协会了解到，福建计划在3月份出台投资者教育工作方案，并力争在4月份实施。The reporter learns from the Securities&Futures Association of Fujian that theprovince will work out an investor education scheme and try to implement it in April.,29/53,(2)专业术语,例17：国家开发银行良好市场业绩起源于开发银行国内领先风险管理能力。,The good market performance of China Development Bank is owed to its riskmanagement capability leading throughout the country.,例18：但从中国商业零售业业态分布看，传统大型商场所占比重较大，当前依然是消费品市场零售主力军。然而近几年连锁超市、专卖店、仓储店也发展快速，大有与百货商店平分秋色态势。,30/53,(2)专业术语,However,the structure of Chinas retail industry indicates that traditional large department stores are still the main player,representing a significant proportion of the whole industry.In recent years,however,chain supermarkets,specialty stores and megastores have developed at an alarming rate,snatching a large slice of the re-tail pie from department stores.例19：澳大利亚是一个资源密集型国家，农业生产依赖于向周围国家出口，而在国际市场上，澳大利亚农产品出口受到美国、欧盟补助出口激烈竞争。,Australia is a resource-intensive country,so its agricultural production relies on the export to its surrounding countries.In the international market,Australia is faced with the fierce competition of export subsidy for agricultural products from the United States and European Union.,31/53,2语法特点及其翻译,(1)时态和语态特点及其翻译,例20：汇报提供数据显示，截至年底，中国居民金融资产余额首次突破20万亿元大关，到达20.65万亿元，比年增加16.3%。,Data as provided by the report show that by the end of,the balance of Chinese residents financial assets had,for the first time,broken through RMB 20,000 billion,amounting to RMB 20,650 billion,with an increase of 16.3%in comparison to that in.,32/53,(1)时态和语态特点及其翻译,例21：假如纵容通胀，则将会深入推高资产价格泡沫，并影响消费者消费信心，一样不利于经济连续增加。,If the inflation is not controlled,the asset price bubble will be enlarged and thus the consumers confidence in their consumption will be weakened,which will similarly hinder the steady growth of the economy.,33/53,(2)句式结构特点及其翻译,无主句是汉语一个很主要句型。汉字商务报章杂志文章经常使用无主句。因为无主句不用说出动作发出者，所以能够加强所提供商务信息客观性。但因为英文句子普通都是主谓结构，所以，翻译时有时变成被动语态，有时依据情况添加主语，使用主动语态。,例22：假如为预防可能出现通胀情况动用利率政策加息，那么很可能将挤破资产价格泡沫，并不利于经济连续增加。,34/53,(2)句式结构特点及其翻译,If the interest policy-interests increase is adopted to prevent the possible inflation,the asset price bubble will be probably broken,which will be unfavorable for the steady growth of the economy.,例23：只有改革创新，才能有效地挖掘、组合、利用自然资源和人力资源。,Only through reform and innovation can we effectively explore,integrate and utilize natural resources and human resources.,例24：要依据我国经济发展情况，充分考虑世界科学技术加紧发展和国际经济结构加速重组趋势，着眼于全方面提升国民经济整体素质和效益，增强综合国力和国际竞争力，对经济结构进行战略性调整。,35/53,(2)句式结构特点及其翻译,In line with our economic development and the global trend of accelerated progress in science and technology and the speedy restructuring of the international economy,we should make strategic readjustments to our economic structure aimed at improving the quality and performance of the entire national economy in an all-round way and at boosting the overall national strength and our international competitiveness.,36/53,(2)句式结构特点及其翻译,相对于英文商务报章杂志文章，汉字商务报章杂志文章很多句子相对要长，多用并列结构，,例25：教授分析说，新条例实施后，今后从事特许经营行业，最少拥有两个直营店，经营时间超出一年，这么一来能够有效预防一些企业利用特许经营进行欺诈，有利于规范整个特许经营行业发展。教授称，当前，在我国有些特许经营行业，少数不具备资质个人也混杂在特许经营队伍当中，从而，给整个特许经营市场造成影响。,37/53,(2)句式结构特点及其翻译,Experts analyze that after the new regulations are put into force,the industries with licensed operation shall have at least two retail stores and have been in business for at least one year.Thus cheating through licensed operation by some businesses can be effectively prevented,which will be favorable for the sound development of the entire licensed operation industry.Experts also say that some unqualified individuals are engaged in the licensed operation in China,which has produced negative influence on the whole licensed operation market.,38/53,3语气特点及其翻译,和英文商务报章杂志文章一样，汉语同类文章也偏于正式，这能够从上文使用固定词语程式、商务术语、无主句和并列结构长句看得出来。,例26：首先，是要创建良好租户组合体系，并在经营中重视对租户适当地进行调整，以适应不停改变市场需求。其次，是要建立有效营销推广体系，引发消费者关注同时，也增加租户经营信心。最终是经过建立高标准物业管理体系，来创造安全、舒适、整齐购物环境和人性化购物感受。,39/53,3语气特点及其翻译,First,we will form a sound tenant grouping system and properly readjust the tenants in our operation to meet the demand of the changing market;secondly,we will set up an effective marketing system to arouse the consumers attention and enhance the tenants confidence in their business as well;finally,we will establish a high-standard property management system to provide a safe,cosy and clean shopping environment and personalized shopping ambience.,40/53,文体特点,翻译策略,词汇,使用反应准确性和客观性新闻报道用语,翻译成英语反应准确性和客观性新闻报道用语,使用不一样商务领域专业术语,翻译成英语对应专业术语,句法,动词无语态屈折改变,普通译为英语现在时，但有时要依据情况译成过去时,语态多使用主动语态,普通译成主动语态，正式文章中可适当转化为被动语态,使用无主句,依据上下文或说话语气添加主语，译为主动语态，有时为再现客观语气，可译为英语被动语态,使用并列结构组成长句,可依据意群拆句，译成多个英语句子,语气,语气偏于正式,忠实传达原文语气，可借助英语被动语态,41/53,三 商务报章杂志文章翻译标准,（一）标题言简意赅、生动形象；,（二）术语使用得当；,（三）句式灵活处理；,（四）杷握原文语气。,42/53,（一）标题言简意赅、生动形象,例27：After the Booms Everything Is Gloom,繁荣不再 萧条即来,例28：Tapping a Risky Labor Pool,大胆开拓，才源滚滚,例29：民营经济在勉励中渐进,Nongovernmental Economy Encouraged On,例30：取消利息税，呼声获回应Interest Tax Rejection Responded,43/53,（二）术语使用得当,例31：In,Japan experienced an economic revitalization after nearly a decade of deflation,bankruptcies,and sagging profits.,在快要十年通货紧缩、破产和利润下降之后，年，日本经济得以复苏。,例32：Intrinsic motivations are congruent with your values and are more fulfilling than extrinsic motivations.,内部动机符合你价值观，比外部动机更具成就感。,44/53,（二）术语使用得当,例33：One area where cost control in the labour market is vividly apparent is corporate benefits,particularly for health care.,劳动力市场上成本控制非常显著一个方面就是企业福利，尤其是卫生保健方面福利。,例34：必须给予国际货币基金组织充分支持，使之提供长久贷款，从而促使各发展中国家振兴出口业。,The IMF must be giv