心血管系统(英文).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,3.1 blood Vessel,Chapter 3 Blood Vessel,1.Windkessel vessel:aorta,conducting arteries,2.Distribution vessel：medium-sized arteries,3.Precapillary resistance vessels：arteriole,4.Precapillary sphincter,5.Exchange vessel:capillary vessels,6.Postcapillary resistance vessel:veinule,7.capacitance vessel:veins,8.Shunt vessels:between arteriole and veinule,3.1.1 the Feature of different kinds of Blood Vessels,A.Blood flow and velocity,3.1.2 Blood Flow,Resistance and Blood Pressure,A)Poiseuilles law:,Q,1,=Q,2,S,1*,V,1,=S,2*,V,2,B)laminar flow and turbulence flow,3.1.3 Arterial Blood Pressure and arterial pulse,A.Arterial blood pressure,*peripheral resistance,*compliance of arterial wall,A)Formation of arterial pressure,*Plenty of blood in the circulation system,*Cardiac ejection,Measurements of arterial blood pressure,B)Normal value of arterial blood pressure,systolic pressure:100120mmHg,diastolic pressure:6080mmHg,pulse pressure:3040mmHg,=Systolic Pressure-diastolic pressure,mean arterial pressure,=1/3systolic pressrue+2/3 diastolic pressure,*borderline hypertensive,Systolic pressure160mmHg,and/or,diastolic pressure95mmHg。,*hypertension for adult,160mmHg,Systolic pressure140mmHg,and/or,95mmHg,diastolic pressure90mmHg。,*physiological variation of arterial blood pressure,Gender,；,Age；,different physiological status；,different segment of arterial system,C)Factors that affect arterial blood pressure,*Stroke volume,*Heart rate,*Peripheral resistance,*Compliance,*Proportion of,circulation volume/capacity of vascular system,Factors that affect arterial blood pressure,Factor,Systolic pressure,Diastolic pressure,Pulse pressure,Mean BP,Stroke volume,Heart rate,Peripherial resistance,Elastic of artery,/-,Circulation volume,B.Arterial pulse,Concept and Mechanism:,Waveform:,*Ascend phase,*Decent phase,Ejection velocity,Peripheral resistance,Cardiac output,-dicrotic notch and dicrotic wave,Peripheral resistance,aortic valve,3.1.4,venous blood pressure and venous return,A.venous blood pressure,Pressure in right atrium and caval vein,：,412cmH,2,O,*central venous pressure,Reflex the relationship between ejection ability and venous return,*peripheral venous pressure,Low pressure,The influence of gravity and body position,transmural pressures effect,B.The influence of gravity,C.Factors that affect venous return,*,mean systemic filling pressure,*Cardiac contraction force,different phenomenon of left and right congestive heart failure,*Contraction of skeletal muscle,*Respiratory movement,3.1.5 microcirculation,Concept:,Physiological significance：,material exchange between blood and tissue,regulation of circulation volume,A.Composition of microcirculation,*capillary:,*arteriole：,control the blood flow of microcirculation,*metarteriole：,control the blood flow of microcirculation,*precapillary sphincter:,sensitive to the metabolic products,*venule:,Postcapillary resistance vessel,*,Thoroughfare channel,Connect metarteriole to veinule directly,The blood passes it without material exchange.,*arteriovenous shunt(arteriovenous anastomosis,),：,location:subcutaneous tissue,skin,function:thermoregulation,Toxic shock,septic shock,sunstroke,*tortuous pathway,B.Structure of capillary wall and permeability,C.Hemodynamics of microcirculationCapillary presure:,precapillary resistance/postcapillary resistance,Metabolic product,Regulation of capillary flow-vasomotion,Diastole of precapillary sphincter,Capillary flow,D.Generation of interstitial fluid,Filtration=reabsoption,effective filtration pressure=,capillary pressure,-plasma colloid osmotic pressure,+interstitial colloid osmotic pressure,-interstitial hydrostatic pressure,VK,f,(P,C,+,if,)-（,P,+P,if,）,*Capillary pressure,*Plasma colloid osmotic pressure,*Permeability of capillary wall,*Lymphatic return,Factors that effects generation of interstitial fluid,3.1.6 Generation of lymphatic fluid and lymphatic return,A.Generation of lymphatic fluid,Interstitial fluid(protein,paritcle),Lymphocapillary vessel,Collecting lymphatic vessel,Right lymphatic duct,Alimentary duct,Blood circulation,A.Significance of lymphatic return,*Collecting protein,*Transport fat and nutrient substance,*Regulating body fluid equilibrium,*Immune function,