名词复习公开课.pptx

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,English Grammar,九年级（,3,）班,中考英语语法复习,1/22,1.1,名词分类,名词能够分为专有名词（,Proper Nouns）,和普通名词(,Common Nouns），,专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有名称，如,Beijing，China,等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念名词，如：,book，joy,等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词（,Individual Nouns）：,表示某类人或东西中个体，如：,doctor,house,photo。2）,集体名词（,Collective Nouns）：,表示若干个个体组成集合体，如：,family,class。3）,物质名词（,Material Nouns）：,表示无法分为个体实物，如：,rice,water,air。4）,抽象名词（,Abstract Nouns）：,表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：,health,friendship。,2/22,个体名词和集体名词能够用数目来计算，称为可数名词（,Countable Nouns），,物质名词和抽象名词普通无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（,Uncountable Nouns）。,归纳表格以下,|,|,专有名词,|,|,|,名,|,个体名词,|,|,|,可数名词,|,|,|,集体名词,|,|,|,普通名词,|,|,词,|,|,物质名词,|,|,不可数名词,|,|,|,抽象名词,|,|,3/22,1.2,名词复数规则改变,情况 组成方法 读音 例词_,普通情况加-,s 1.,清辅音后读/,s/;map-maps 2.,浊辅音和元音后,bag-bags,读/,z/;car-cars_,以,s,sh,ch,x,等结尾词 加-,es,读/,iz/bus-buses watch-watches_,以,ce,se,ze,(d)ge,等结尾词 加-,s,读/,iz/license-licenses_,以辅音字母+,y,变,y,为,i,结尾词 再加,es,读/,z/baby-babies,4/22,1）以,y,结尾专有名词，或元音字母+,y,结尾名词变复数时，直接加,s,变复数：,如：,two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeysholiday-holidays,比较：楼层：,storey-storeys story-stories,2),以,o,结尾名词，变复数时：,a.,加,s，,如：,photo-photospiano-pianosradio-radios zoozoos；,b.,加,es，,如：,potato-potatoestomato-tomatoes The,Negroes,are little,heroes,.They like eating,potatoes,and,tomatoes.,c.,均可，如：,zero-zeros/zeroes,3),以,f,或,fe,结尾名词变复数时：,a.,加,s，,如：,belief-beliefsroof-roofs safe-safes,b.,去,f,fe,加,ves，,如,knife-knives thief-thieves leaf-leaveswolf-wolves wife-wiveslifelives,妻,子拿,刀,去宰,狼,，,小偷,吓得着了慌。躲在,架,后保,己命,，,半,片,树叶,遮目光。,5/22,1.3,名词复数不规则改变,1,）,child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teeth mouse-miceman-men woman-women,注意：与,man,和,woman,组成合成词，其复数形式也是-,men,和-,women。,如：,an Englishman，two Englishmen.,但,German,不是合成词，故复数形式为,Germans；,2）,单复同形如：,deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin,但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:,a dollar,two dollars;a meter,two meters,3）,集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如：,people,，,police,等本身就是复数，不能说,a people，a police，,但能够说,a person，a policeman，,而,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese,等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。如：,The Chinese are hard-working and brave.,中国人民是勤劳勇敢。,6/22,4）以,s,结尾，仍为单数名词，如：,a.maths，politics，physics,等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。,b.news,是不可数名词。,c.the United States，the United Nations,应视为单数。,The United Nations was organized in 1945.,联合国是1945年组建起来。,d.,以复数形式出现书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。,The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.是一本非常有趣故事书。5)表示由两部分组成东西，如：,glasses(,眼镜),trousers,clothes,若表示详细数目，要借助数量词,pair(,对，双);,suit(,套);,a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers6）,另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示尤其意思，如：,goods,货物，,waters,水域，,fishes（,各种）鱼,7/22,Exercises,将以下单词变成复数,bus-class-box-match-watch-tomato-potato-radio-photo-zoo-family-country-city-story-baby-key-boy-life-knife-leaf-woman-,Frenchman-foot-,American-Chinese-,sheep-child-,bus,es,class,es,box,es,match,es,watch,es,tomato,es,potato,es,radio,s,photo,s,zoo,s,famil,ies,count,ies,cit,ies,stor,ies,bab,ies,key,s,boy,s,sh,ee,p,child,ren,kni,ves,lea,ves,li,ves,Frenchm,e,n,wom,e,n,Americans,f,ee,t,Chinese,8/22,1.4,不可数名词量改变,：,在不可数名词前加,of,短语,利用量词和容器,数量来表示不可数名词“量”,.,a bottle of milk-two bottles of milk,a piece of meat-three pieces of meat,表示不可数名词量相关词语还有：,some,a lot of,much,a little,little,lots of,巩固练习,:,(,1),一茶杯茶 （,2,）一块冰,（,3,）两千克肉 （,4,）五瓶桔汁,（,5,）一千克鸡肉 （,6,）许多瓶牛奶,9/22,重点再现,a bottle of juice,a glass of milk,a bag of rice,a pound of bread,a piece of meat,a kilo of chicken,2 bottle,s,of juice,3 glass,es,of milk,4 bag,s,of rice,5 pound,s,of bread,6 piece,s,of meat,7 kilo,s,of chicken,1.,不可数名词以容器来计量 如,:,2.,不可数名词以表示数量单位来计算 如,:,复数形式,复数形式,只把容器变复数,只把计量单位变复数,10/22,注意问题,不可数名词可用作复数几个情况。,用来表示类别时，可用复数。比如：,drinks,各种饮料,vegetables,各种蔬菜,foods,各种食物,fruits,各种水果,There arent any _ in the fridge.Lets go and buy some peas,carrots and cabbages.,A.vegetables B.fruit,C.meat D.eggs,A,11/22,选择填空,(),1.I want three _ white paper.,A.pieces B.piece of C.pieces of,()2.Do you want to drink much _?,A.a milk Bmilk C.milks,()3.In autumn,you can see a lot of _ on the ground.,A.leaf B.leafs C.leaves,()4.My sister has two _.One is old,the other is new.,A.a watch B.watchs C.watches,C,B,C,C,12/22,选择填空,(),5.They come from Japan.Theyre _.,A.Japanese B.Japaneses C.a Japanese,()6.Some _ are coming to help us.,A.peoples B.people C.the people,()7.The horse has four _.,A.feet B.feets C.foots,()8.The boy hurt one of his _,so he couldnt walk any longer.,A.teeth B.hands C.feet D.ears,A,C,B,A,13/22,选择填空,(,),9.We have a lot of _ to do.,A.works B.work C.worker,()10.Can you see many _ are eating the grass,at the foot of the hill?,A.sheeps B.sheep C.a sheep,()11.There are six _ in kitchen.,A.bag of rice B.bags of rices C.bags of rice,()12.Do you like American _?,A.foods B.food C.a food,B,B,C,B,14/22,选择填空,(),13.He has three _ under the bed.,A.pair of shoe B.pairs of shoe C.pairs of shoes,()14._ come from England.They speak English.,A.Englishman B.Englishmans C.Englishmen,()15.Im hungry.Give me _ to eat.,A.two pieces of bread,B.two piece of breads,C.two piece of bread,C,C,A,15/22,1.5,复合名词复数形式,a.,普通是只把复合名词中主体名词变成复数形式。,looker(s)-on,旁观者,son(s)-in-law,女婿,如没有主体名词，则在最终一个词变成复数形式。,grow-up(s),成年人,go-between(s),中间人,c.有些复合名词组成部分都要变成复数形式。,man servant men servants,woman doctor women doctors,16/22,1.6,名词作定语,名词作定语普通用单数，但也有以下例外。1)用复数作定语。如：,sports meeting,运动会,students reading-room,学生阅览室,talks table,谈判桌,the foreign languages department,外语系 2),man,woman,gentleman,等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰名词单复数而定。如：,men workerswomen teachers,17/22,3)有些原有,s,结尾名词，作定语时，,s,保留。如：,goods train(,货车),clothes brush,衣刷4)数词+名词作定语时，这个名词普通保留单数形式。如：,two-dozen eggs,两打/（二十四个鸡蛋),a ten-mile walk,十里路,two-hundred trees,两百棵树,a five-year plan,一个五年计划,18/22,1.7,名词格,在英语中有些名词能够加,s,来表示全部或所属关系，带这种词尾名词形式称为该名词全部格，如：,a teachers book。,名词全部格规则以下：,1）表示有生命东西（人或动物）名词全部格普通在名词后加,smy fathers study,我父亲书房,a.,以,s,或,es,结尾复数名词全部格只在名词后加“”。,the teachers reading room,教员阅览室,b.,不以,s,结尾复数名词全部格要加,s。,the peoples right,人民权利,the womens dress,c.,如专有名词以,s,结尾，它全部格普通,只加“”，但也有加,s,时候。,Burns poems,彭斯诗,19/22,d.,复合名词全部格词尾,s,加在后面名词之后。,her son-in-laws photo,她女婿照片,e.,假如一样东西为两人共有，则只在后一个名词后面加,s。,假如不是共有则两个名词之后都要加,s。,Jane and Helens room,珍妮和海伦房间（共有）,Bills and Toms radios,比尔收音机和汤姆收音机（不共有）,f.,有些指时间，距离，国家，城镇无生命名词也可加,s,表示全部格。,half an hours class,半个小时课,Chinas industry,中国工业,twenty minutes walk,二十分钟旅程,20/22,2）表示无生命东西名词普通与,of,组成词组，表示所相关系。,the cover of the book,书封面,3）,指有生命名词有时也能够用,of,词组表示全部格。,a.,假如名词较长。,the story of Dr.Norman Bethune,白求恩故事,the works of Marx.Marx,著作,b.,假如名词定语较长，就只能用,of,词组来表示所相关系。,Do you know the name of the boy standing at the gate?,你知道站在大门旁那个男孩名字吗？,4）“,of+,词组+全部格”（双重全部格）使用方法：在表示所属物名词前有冠词，数词，不定代词或指示代词（如:,a,two,some,this,that,these,those,等）时，惯用“,of+,词组+全部格”形式来表示所相关系。,a friend of my fathers=(one of my fathers friends),我父亲一个朋友,a picture of his uncles,他叔叔一张照片,（他叔叔全部照片中一张，但不一定是他本人照片。试比较：,a picture of his uncle,他叔叔本人一张照片。）,that novel of her little brothers,她弟弟那本小说,21/22,Thank you,！,Good bye,！,22/22,