2023年清华大学博士入学考试考博试题考试真题英语.doc

Part II  Vocabulary and Structure    (20%)
Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four Choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.

1. The opinions of his peers are more important to her than her parents' idea.

A) friends                        B) equals
C) enemies                       D) bosses
2. After we join the WTO, the situation that our automobile industry, depends for its survival on   government subsidies will be changed.
A) financial aid                     B) personnel support
C) spiritual encouragement           D) partial taxation
3. My salary has been raised to 100,000 yuan a year. but there is a proportionate increase in my income tax.               
A) dramatic                        B) undesirable
C) perpetual                        D) proportional
4. Henry David Thoreau used to ramble through the woods before he wrote his most famous book Walden (1854).
A) study                         B) live
C) read aloud                       D) wander
5. Despite the pressure from the president, the provincial government insisted on its autonomous jurisdiction.
A) regional                      B) obstinate
C) willful                           D) legal
6. All programs celebrating the Spring Festival in the CCTV have been relayed to even' part of the world through satellites.
A) received                       B) reserved
C) rebroadcast                    D) enjoyed
10. Many students are signing the petition against building a steelworks near the school.
A) names                         B) agreement
C) request                       D) disapproval
11. Your appraisal of the current situation is quite different from mine.
A) optimistic                     B) compliment
C) agreement                      D) estimate
12. They are boycotting the store because the workers are on strike.
A) looting                        B) banning
C) protecting                      D) destroying
13. In the final contest, two athletes are contending for the championship.
A) satisfying                      B) happy
C) competing                     D) quarreling
14. The computer's value will depreciate by half in the first year.
A) decrease                        B) increase
C) keep low                        D) fluctuate
15. China Telecom is about to embark on a major program of computerization.
A) propaganda                      B) finish
C) purchase                        D) undertake
l6. The candidate has given a pledge that he will improve the local environment and invest doubly in education.
A) promise                         B)  declaration
C) proposal                       D) possibility
17. There has always been an epldemic or bike stealing in schools.   
A) a theft                          B) a punishment
C) a plague                         D) a crime
18. It is in Chongqing that the next international symposium on environmental protection will be held.
A) debate                         B) conference
C) seminar                        D) negotiation
19. Many people suspected the existence of extraterrestrial life.
A) snowman                      B) outside the earth
C) spiritual                         D) underworld
20. In case your liabilities outrun your assets, you may go bankrupt.
A) debt                            B) enterprise
C) controversy                     D) bondage
21.After the fierce quarrel, they began  to have a __________ loathing for each other.
24. Though the policies of racial ________had been abolished, many whites in the South were still dubious about the safety of the communities.
A) segregation　　　　　B) regulations  C) communism　　　　　　D3 extinction
25. The proposal was accepted with ________ approval. Everybody believed it would help revive the national economy.
A) unanimous　　　 B) doubtful    C) pleasant　　　 D) searching
26. Many social services are provided by ________ societies and organizations that do not expect any material payment.
A) wealthy　　　　B)voluntary    C) helpful　　　　　　　D)spiritual
27. In the packed hall, the people sitting close to me _________ me into the corner little by little.
A) dragged　　 B) drew    C) frightened　　　　　　　　 D) wedged
28. The police, trying to ________exactly who was at the party are investigating every person concerned.
A) ascertain　　B) arrest C) imagine　　　　　　　 D) count
29. If everybody has arrived the meeting may________ now.
A) commence　　　 B) criticize   C) comment　　　　　　 D) conclude
30. The prodigal son ________his large inheritance in a few years of heavy spending.
A) inherited　B) received  C) accumulated　　　D) dissipated
3l. In ancient India, there used to be a very formidable ________ in religious and social life.
A) hierarchy　 B) power     C) despot　　　　　　 D) president
32.　_________ delinquency refers to law-breaking by young people.
A) Juvenile　　B) Green-hand C) Amateur　　　　 D) Institute
33. It's necessary to make your handwritings ________ when you fill in an official form.
A) reconcilable　　　B) legitimate   C) legible　　　　　　　　D) formal
34. She has always been a conscientious secretary since the gal, she entered my company. Tine suggestion that I wanted her to resign is quite __________
A) thoughtful　　　 B) reasonable    C) unfounded　　　　　　 D) early
35. The ________ meaning of "yellow" is a color, but it can also mean "cowardly."
A) positive　　　B) negative   C) underlying　　　　　 D) literal
36. When I stayed in the country, I used to walk in the fields at night and to see ________ of stars.
A) the circulation　　　 B) a cluster  C) the falling　　　　　　　D) myriads
37. Ringing church bells sets up _______ in the Alpine valleys.
A) resonance　　 B) forests    C) church building　　　　 D) priests
38. The students are all from ________ countries, such as Singapore. India Korean, and Japan.
A) developing　　 B)oriental   C) island　　　　　　　　　D) Christian
39. Wouldn't it be easier to move about on the _______ of the mobbed crowd than to squeeze in tile middle?
A) consent　　　　　 B) heads   C) fringe　　　　　　　 D) recreation
40. When the new immigration law came into effect, the old one was naturally
A) validated　　　　B) put off   C) repealed　　　　　　　D) put up

Section A
Directions: There are 3 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You loeide on the best choice.

Passage I
In the years following the Second World War, the youth hostel idea spread to other parts of the world and the same spirit was maintained. The International Youth Hostel Federation, IYHF, which was to co-ordinate activities in the various national associations, incorporated in its constitution the principle that in youth hostels "there shall be no distinctions of race, nationality color, religion, class or political opinions. This, it should be noted, was at a time when the principles of racial equality and brotherhood were by no means so widely acknowledged as they are now."
There is normally no age bar at youth hostels. Exceptions are Switzerland and Bavaria. Where there is a maximum age of 25 and I7 years respectively. Generally, however, the hostels are intended to meet the needs of two main groups: senior secondary school children, university and schoolchildren travelling with a teacher on educational visits, and aged between about 11 and I8.
The principal contribution of the youth hostel movement to the attack on racism is the fact that in the 4,364 hostels throughout the world the brotherhood of man is taken for granted and practiced quietly and without any ostentation.
If you walk into the common-room of a big youth hostel in Gracow or Munich, Lahore of Canberra, you will find young people of' every race and nationality sitting down together to share their experiences and discuss the world's problems. As a Malaysian boy recently remarked:" youth hostel is a place where you will never feel lost"
In accordance with its constitution, the IYHF has never admitted to membership youth hostel associations in South Africa and Rhodesia, because legislation in those countries makes it impossible for people of different races to share youth hostel facilities.
But an interesting new project is under way in Lesotho, with the financial and technical support of the Federation: the construction of a south hostel specifically designed to carry out an educational task in southern Africa by opening its doors to young people of all races from neighboring and more distant countries. Situated just outside the capital, Maseru, the youth hostel will also provide accommodation for young people of Lesotho attending study and training courses.
The very, comprehensive statistics maintained by the IYHF show tile movement of young people form country, to country in some detail, it can be seen, for instance, that 10,828 "overnights" were recorded in 1972 by young Americans in tile hostels of Japan. and 3.643 by young visitors form India in the youth hostels of West Germany. Although these figures are small in absolute terms, they represent a network of individual human contacts among young people which can influence outlooks and opinions at the grass roots.
41. It can be interred from this passage that IYHF is
　　A) an organization where young people live
　　B) an organization that advocates brotherhood of man
　　C) an organization to protect the rights of teenagers
　　D) an international company
42. "Ostentation" in the last sentence of the third paragraph is closest in meaning with_______
　　A) pretentiousness　 B) outstanding　C) obstruction　　　　　D) declaration
43. The maximum age of people staying at youth hostels in most countries is______
　　A) 20　　　　 B) 25　　　　　C) 17　　　　　 D) unlimited
44. The tone of this article may be described is______
　　A) formal　　　　 B) imaginative　 C) humorous　　 D) negative
45. All the following statements are true EXCEPT ______
　　A) Countries where youth hostels are segregated by race are fined by IYHF.
　　B) Only very, few countries are members of the IYHE.
　　C) Countries where youth hostels are segregated by race are denied membership in the IYHF.
　　D) All countries are allowed normal memberships in the IYHF.

Passage 2
Before about 3500 BC, there were cultures, but not civilizations. Prehistoric men and women created societies, constructed houses, lived in villages, hunted and fished, farmed, made pottery, wove cloth, and created languages. But unlike more advanced peoples, they did not build cities, read, or write. Cities are the cornerstone of civilized life because with them came other civilizing elements, including differentiation of classes and employment, sophisticated religious and political systems, monumental architecture, and the formation of states and empires.
Historians usually begin the story, of civilization with accounts of the world's first great writers and city-builders, the Sumerians. Because the Sumerians recorded ideas and sagas and listed the names of their rulers, we know more about them than about prehistoric about prehistoric peoples who left their legacy in stones, bones, and pottery.
With the ability to build cities and record thought came the ability to communicate ideas and innovations over vast reaches of time and space. Human beings—who had formerly taken hundreds of thousands of years to learn that a stone ax sharpened on both sides is more useful than an ax sharpened on one side—progressed rapidly from foot travel to horse drawn carts, and later, from railroads to airplanes. With these and thousands of other innovations, people came to live Longer, more comfortable lives.
Civilization also brought new ills to humanity. In the 20th century, it brought nuclear carfare global warming, and ozone depletion. More subtly, civilization removed human beings from regular encounters with the wonders of the natural world. Unlike people of modem civilizations primitive people lived close to the sounds and smells of forest and grasslands. They locked at fire and the stars with awe and reverence. Civilization involves the ability to create a new political and cultural world. In the 19th century, the American writer, philosopher, and naturalist Henry David Thoreau noted that this artificial sphere separates humanity from primitive virtue. "Most of the luxuries, he argued, "and many of the so-called comforts, of life are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances to the elevations of mankind." Thoreau believed that men and women should simplify their lives.
Even those ancient pioneers of civilization, the Greeks, mourned the lost innocence. They expressed this sense of regret in the story, of Prometheus and Pandora. Contrary, to the wishes of other Gods, Prometheus brought to humanity the gifts of fire, art, and science. The jealous gods were unwilling to allow men and women to enjoy, such blessings without cost, and so they sent Pandora to the world with a box containing disease, sorrow, and other evils.
Thus, human beings have viewed civilization as a mixed blessing. Civilized people have waged brutal wars, destroyed majestic forests, and persecuted religious minorities. But civilizations have also achieved wonders.
46. Which of the following represents civilization of people?
A) They build houses.　　　　　　　　B) They have societies.
C) They live in a group.　　　　　　　D) They can write.
47. "Sumerians" in the second paragraph refers to ______.
A) a person　　B) a group of people    C) human beings　　　D) prehistoric people
48. In paragraph 4, there is a sentence given by Henry. Thoreau, "Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts, of life are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances to the elevations of mankind." This sentence means ______.
A) Most luxuries and comforts are important and can improve the quality, of people's life.
B) Most luxuries rind comforts are not so important for they cannot improve the quality of people's life.
C) Most luxuries and comforts are not so necessary and also they prevent the progress of human beings
D) Most luxuries and comforts are too important to improve the quality of people's life
49. All tile following represent the negative side of civilization EXCEPT ______
A) chemical warfare　　　　　　　　　B) the decrease of fresh air
C) greenhouse effect　　　　　　　　　D) the nuclear plant
50. In the paragraph that follows this passage, the writer is going to discuss ______
A) the importance of civilization
B) the difference between civilization and culture
C) the positive aspect of civilization
D) the Greeks

One of the foremost authors of the era between the two world wars, Hemingway in his early works depicted tile lives of two types of people. One type consisted of men and women deprived, by World War I, of faith in the moral values in which they had believed, and who lived with cynical disregard for anything but their own emotional needs.