2023年同等学力考研英语阅读理解初级班模拟题含新题型.doc

同等学力 阅读理解 模拟测试题

Part III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 25 points)
Section A
Directions: In this section，there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements，each with four suggested answers A，B．C and D．Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet．

Passage One
You may have wondered why the supermarkets are all the same. It is not because the companies that run them lack imagination. It is because they all aim at persuading people to buy things.
In the supermarket, it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping mode. This is why the area immediately inside the entrance is known as the “decompression zone”. People need to slow down and look around, even if they are regulars. In sales terms this area is a bit of a loss, so it tends to be used more for promotion.
Immediately inside the first thing shoppers may come to is the fresh fruit and vegetables section. For shoppers, this makes no sense. Fruit and Vegetables can be easily damaged, so they should be bought at the end, not the beginning, of a shopping trip. But what is at work here? It turns out that selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping, and it makes people feel less guilty about reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on.
Shoppers already know that everyday items, like milk, are invariably placed toward the back of a store to provide more opportunities to tempt customers. But supermarkets know shoppers know this, so they use other tricks, like placing popular items halfway along a section so that people have to walk all along the aisle looking for them. The idea is to boost “dwell time”: the length of time people spend in a store.
Traditionally retailers measure “footfall”, as the number of people entering a store is known, but those numbers say nothing about where people go and how long they spend there. But nowadays, a piece of technology can fill the gap: the mobile phone. Path Intelligence, a British company tracked people’s phones at Gunwharf Quays, a large retail centre in Portsmouth- not by monitoring calls, but by plotting the positions of handsets as they transmit automatically to cellular networks. It found that when dwell time rose 1% sales rose 1.3%.
Such techniques are increasingly popular because of a deepening understanding about how shoppers make choices. People tell market researchers that they make rational decisions about what to buy, considering things like price, selection or convenience. But subconscious forces, involving emotion and memories, are clearly also at work.

21. In Paragraph 2, “decompression zone” is the area meant to _____.
A. offer shoppers a place to have a rest
B. prepare shoppers for the mood of buying
C. encourage shoppers to try new products
D. provide shoppers with discount information

22. Putting fruit-and-vegetable section near the entrance takes advantage of shoppers’_____
A. common sense B. shopping habits
C. concerns with time D. shopping psychology

23. Path Intelligence uses a technology to _____.
A. count how many people enter a store
B. measure how long people stay at a store
C. find out what people buy in a store
D. monitor what people say and do in a store

24. What happened at Gunwharf Quays showed that sales_____.
A. was in direct proportion to dwell time
B. was reversely linked to dwell time
C. was affected more by footfall than by dwell time
D. was affected more by dwell time than by football

25. The author argues that shoppers_____.
A. exert more influence on stores than they imagine
B. are more likely to make rational choices than they know
C. tend to make more emotional decisions than they think
D. have more control over what they buy than they assume

26. The best title for the passage is _____.
A. New Technology Boosts Stores’ Sales
B. How Shoppers Make Choices in Stores
C. Rational and Irrational Ways of Shopping
D. The Science behind Stores’ Arrangements

BDBACD

Passage Two
A very important world problem is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit this planet. The limited amount of land and land resources will soon be unable to support the huge population if it continues to grow at its present rate.
So why is this huge increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as “Death Control”. You have no doubt heard of the term “Birth Control”. “Death Control” is something rather difficult. It recognizes the work of the doctors and scientists who now keep alive people who, not very long ago, would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases. Through a wide variety of technological innovations that include farming methods and the control of deadly diseases, we have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die. However, this success is the very cause of the greatest threat to mankind.
If we examine the amount of land available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the problem. If everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we would each have about 50,000 square metres. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the amount of usable land we actually have. More than three-fifths of the world’s land cannot produce food.
Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But we are not! Instead, we are consuming its “capital”- its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades. We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share the earth with us.
It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. This is not true. The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature. Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole.

27. According to the article, what contributes to the population increase?
A. Birth explosion. B. Birth Control
C. Death Control. D. Technological innovations.

28. The word “incurable” in Paragraph 2 means _____.
A. common B. epidemic C. untreatable D. unknown

29. There isn’t enough land to support human beings because_____.
A. there are more seas than land in the world
B. most of the world’s land is unusable
C. the world’s land has already been taken up
D. the world’s land is not distributed equally

30. In Paragraph 4 the writer implies that fertile soils are _____.
A. limited B. renewable C. productive D. nonrenewable

31. What does “to limit their reproduction” is the last paragraph mean?
A. To control death. B. To produce less goods.
C. To increase production. D. To practice birth control.

32. What do you think the writer is really concerned about?
A. Long life spans.
B. Population increase.
C. Overuse of resources.
D. The success of “Death Control”.

CCBDDB

Passage Three
Drinking wastewater? The idea may sound distasteful, but new federally funded research says more Americans are doing so-whether they know or not-and this reuse will be increasingly necessary as the U.S. population expands.
Treated wastewater poses no greater health risks than existing water supplies and, in some cases, may be even safer to drink, according to a report released by the National Research Council, "We believe water reuse is an option to deal with growing water scarcity, especially in coastal areas," says Jorg Drowes, an engineering professor at the Colorado School of Mines. "This can be done reliably without putting the public at risk," he says, citing technological advances. He says it's a waste not to reuse the nation's wastewater, because almost all of it is treated before discharge. This water includes storm runoff ( 径流) as well as used water from homes, businesses and factories.
In many places, the report says, the public does not realize it's drinking water that was treated after being discharged as wastewater somewhere upstream. For example, wastewater discharged into the Trinity River from Dallas/Fort Worth flows south into Lake Livingston, the source for Houston's drinking water.
Despite the growing importance of this reuse, the report says there's been no systemic analysis of its extent nationwide since a 1980 study by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Alan Roberson of the American Water Works Association says wastewater reuse is common, so the council's report is important but not surprising. Roberson expects this recycling will continue to increase, especially for irrigation and industrial needs. He says it will take longer to establish potable (适于饮用旳）uses because of public nervousness about drinking wastewater, however treated.
"We have to do something to address water scarcity," says Olga Naidenko, a senior scientist at the non-profit Environmental Working Group. "Less than 10% of potable water is used for drinking, cooking, showering or dishwashing. We flush it down the toilet, literally." Technologies exist to safely treat the water, she says, although some are expensive.
The report says water reuse projects tend to cost more than most water conservation options but less than seawater desalination (脱盐)and other supply alternatives. It calls on the EPA to develop rules that set safe national standards.

33. As can be learned from Paragraph 1, drinking wastewater ________
A. is to become a growing necessity
B. is well received by the Americans
C. has caused heated public debates
D. has become the dominant option

34. Which of the following statements would Jorg Drewes agree to?
A. Water reuse may eventually put the public at risk.
B. Water reuse is preferable to wasting water.
C. Water reuse is far from a solution to water shortage.
D. Water reuse is possible only after greater tech advances.

35. Lake Livingston is mentioned to show that the public________
A. Accepts the fact of drinking wastewater calmly
B. Is concerned about the safety of the drinking water
C. Does not believe that wastewater is safe to drink
D. Is not aware of the nature of their drinking water

36. According to Alan Roberson,_______
A. it is not safe to drink wastewater
B. the report has surprised the public
C. the report helps build up public confidence
D. the public has yet to accept drinking wastewater

37. Olga Naidenko's remarks emphasize________
A. The recent progress B. The existing problems
C. The new perspective D. The potential risks

Keys:
33-37 ABDDB

Passage Four
Acting is such an over-crowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person thinking of going on the stage is "Don't!” But it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act, though the chances of his becoming famous are slim.
The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and talent are accepted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a repertory company, usually as an assistant stage manager. This means doing everything that there is to do in the theatre: painting scenery, looking after the furniture, taking care of the costumes, and even acting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed. The hours are long and the salary is tiny. But young actors with the stage in their blood are happy, waiting for the chances of working with a better company, or perhaps in films or television.
Of course, some people have unusual chances which lead to fame and success without this long and dull training. Connie Pratt, for example was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he drove past in his big car. He told the driver to stop, and he got out to speak to the girl. He asked her if she would like to go to the film studio to do a test, and at first she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer twenty minutes to tell Connie that he was serious. Then an appointment was made for her to go to the studio the next day. The test was successful. They gave her some necessary lessons and within a few weeks she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day. Of Course, she was given a more dramatic name, which is now world-famous. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!

38. According to the passage, the main reason why young people should be discouraged from becoming actors is ______.
A) actors are very unusual people
B) the course at the drama school lasts two years
C) acting is really a hard job
D) there are already too many actors
39. According to the context, the sentence "But young actors with the stage in their blood are happy" at the end of the first paragraph means ______.
A) they don't care if their job is hard
B) they like the stage naturally
C) they are born happy
D) they are easily satisfied
40. Conie Pratt soon became a famous actress after ______.
A) learning some lessons about the art of speaking
B) playing her part in the "Blue Colored Moon"
C) successfully matching the most famous actors
D) acting a leading part with a most famous actor at that time
41. The phrase "once in a blue moon" in last line refers to ______.
A) all at once
B) once for a long time
C) once in a while
D) once and for all
DADB

Section B
Directions：In this section，you are required to read four pieces of news and decide which of the four titles marked A，B，C and D is best suited to each of them．Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet．

A．Lenovo Beefs Up in Brazil With an Electronics Deal
B．How to Attract Protesters to Your Wedding
C．China Banks Cut Foreign Deposit Rates
D．Yoga PC Flips and Bends, but as a Tablet, It's Clumsy

(42)______ Social-media users raced to compile details about the bride’s identity with crowdsourced knowledge based on photos found online, including images of her friends and fiancé. By Tuesday, nearly 1,000 people said they were planning to attend a wedding-day protest, organized via Facebook, at the hotel where she’s getting married. The hotel confirmed that the woman in question has booked a wedding there, and said that they were prepared to make sure the event would still go on smoothly. “She’s our guest, and with all our guests we honor contractually what we’ve agreed to,” the hotel’s spokesman said. “On that day we’ll probably be extra vigilant, but I don’t think we’ll be differing mu