英语修辞Analogy.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,English Rhetoric,英语修辞学,1/34,Aesthetic Rhetoric,美学修辞,2/34,Figures of Speech,英语修辞格,3/34,Figures of Similarity,相同修辞学,4/34,I.Figures of Similarity,1.Simile,2.Metaphor,3.,Analogy,4.Personification,5/34,Analogy,类推,6/34,1.Definition of,Analogy,Analogy,is also a form of,comparison,but,unlike simile or metaphor,which usually concentrate on one point of resemblance,7/34,1.Definition of,Analogy,analogy,draws a parallel between,two unlike things,that have,several common qualities,or points of resemblance.,8/34,2.The function of,Analogy,The function of analogy differs from that of simile or metaphor.,While the latter figures serve to heighten effect with vivid imagery,9/34,2.The function of,Analogy,Analogy,is chiefly used for the purpose of,persuasion or for the,explanation or exposition of an idea.,10/34,2.The function of,Analogy,Analogies are not logicalbut emotional,.Analogy is the realm of the rhetoric of association in persuasion.,It is a comparison between two unlike things.,e.g.:Corruption and cancer are like.,11/34,2.The function of,Analogy,Analogy,:Corruption is like cancer.,Agreed phenomenon:,Cancer must be cut out ruthlessly.,Conclusion:Corruption must be cut out ruthlessly.,Sentence:Corruption is to a society what cancer is to a body.,12/34,2.,The function of,Analogy Analogy,The analogy can be developed through as many parallel similarities as the writer can think of,to convince the reader that,the things are alike,in so many respects,so a conclusion drawn from one thing suggests a similar conclusion from the other thing.,13/34,2.The function of,Analogy,Analogy,points out,a large number of similarities,between,the two unlikes,.,The more points of similarity,the stronger,the analogy.,e.g.:Reading is to mind,what,food is to the body.,14/34,3.Analogy,is usually constructed in the following patterns:,1),A is to B what C is to D.,=,What C is to D,A is to B.,(1)Food is to man what fuel is to engine.,(2)The air is to man what water is to fish.,15/34,3.,Patterns of,Analogy,2),A to B is as C to D.,=A is to A as C is to D.,(1)Food to man is as fuel to engine.,(2)Three is to one as nine is to three.,16/34,3.,Patterns of,Analogy,3),(Just)as A is to B,(so)C is to D.,=,As A does B,so C does D.,=,Just as A did B,so C did,D,e.g.:(1),Just as,dark clouds cannot long hide the sun,(so),no lies can cover up facts.,17/34,3.,Patterns ofAnalogy,(2)Just as Darwin discovered the law of organic nature,so Marx discovered the law of development of human history.,4),If A were B,C would be D.,e.g.If love were what the rose is,I would be like the leaf.,18/34,3.,Patterns of,Analogy,5)A is to B,the same way as,C is to D.,e.g.:Youths are to a society the same way as new cells are to a body.,19/34,4.,Exercises for,Analogy,Put the following sentences of,Analogy,into Chinese,1).,What sculpture,is to,the block of marble,education,is to,the soul,.,=,Education,is to,the soul,what,sculpture,is to,the block of marble,.,教育之于心灵如同雕刻之于大理石。,20/34,4Put the following sentences of,Analogy,into Chinese,2),The chess-board,is the world;,the pieces,are the phenomena of the universe;the rules of game are,what we call the law of Nature.,棋盘如同世界，棋子如世界上各种现象，而下棋规则则如自然规律。,21/34,4.,Put the following sentences of,Analogy,into Chinese,3),Just as,the Industrial Revolution took over an immense range of tasks from men,s muscles and enormously expanded productivity,so,the microcomputer is rapidly assuming huge burdens of dull work from human brain and thereby expanding the mind,s capacities in ways that man has only begun to grasp.,22/34,4.Translation,of the Analogy,翻译：,正如工业革命把人从大量繁重体力劳动中解放出来，而且极大地扩大了生产力，,电脑速猛地把人从许多乏味脑力劳动中解放出来，而且扩大了人们刚才开始掌握人脑容量。,23/34,4.Put the following sentences of,Analogy,into Chinese,4)The sky is to birds what the sea is to fish.,天空对于鸟儿如同大海对于鱼儿。,5)Pens are to writers what weapons are to soldiers.,笔对于作家如同武器对于战兵。,24/34,5.Translate the following into English,using,Analogy,1),马克思对社会发展贡献如同达尔文对生物学发展贡献一样。,Marx did for the development of society,what,Darwin did for the development of biology,.,Or:Just as,so;,25/34,5.Translate the following,using,Analogy,2),文化多样性之于人类社会，如同生物多样性之于自然界一样。,The diversities of cultures are to the human society,what/the same way as,the varieties of creatures are to nature.,Or:Just as,so.,26/34,5.Translate the following,using,Analogy,3),葡萄酒对于法国人如同啤酒对于英国人。,Wine is to French people,what,beer is to British people.,Or:As,so.,27/34,5.Translate the following,using,Analogy,4),青年之于社会如同新鲜细胞之于人体。,Youths are to a society what new cells are to a body.,28/34,More examples,1.As the tree will turn green in spring,so our dream will come true in the future.,2.As the lion is the king of beasts,so is the eagle the king of birds/so the eagle is the king of birds.,29/34,More examples,3.As the childhood shows the man,so mornig shows the day.,4.As blood vessels are to a mans body,so railway is to transportation.=That blood vessels are to a mans body is such so railway is to transportation.,30/34,More examples,5.,As the medicine heals the wounds,so time heals heartbreak.,6.As empty vessels make the loudest sound,so those who have the least wit are the greatest babblers.,8.,As lungs are to the animals,so leaves are to the plants.,31/34,Homework,Write or collect some sentences in which analogy is used.,32/34,6.Is Analogy used in the following?,1.As you sow,so you reap.,33/34,6.Is Analogy used in the following?,2.David Beckham,of England,s Manchester United,is,a hero to Europeans,in the same way as,Michael Jordan,is to,Americans.,34/34,