雅思阅读语法6--定语从句市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,从句讲解之一,：定语从句,Tracey,第1页,定语从句,定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。,关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。,关系副词有：when,where,why等。,第2页,关系代词引导定语从句,一,东升求实学校教育通讯工作总结汇报,Dongsheng Qiushi XueXiao Jiaoyu TongXun Gongzuo ZongJie,关系代词所代替先行词是人或物名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成份。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词人称和数要和先行词保持一致。,1）who,whom,that,这些词代替先行词是人名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。比如：,Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见,你,人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）,He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）,第3页,东升求实学校教育通讯工作总结汇报,Dongsheng Qiushi XueXiao Jiaoyu TongXun Gongzuo ZongJie,2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语,若指物，它还能够同of which交换）。比如：,They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。,Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮书。,3）which,that所代替先行词是事物名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。比如：,A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.,农村出现了前所未有繁荣。（which/that在句中作宾语）,The package（which/that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿包快散了。（which/that在句中作宾语）,第4页,翻译练习,1.,In industrialized countries,this number rose from 8.3 to 10.2,which shows that the length of education in industrialized countries is significantly longer.,（剑3，T3，W）,2.,I would like to tell you about a special teacher,who had a big influence on my education.,（剑3,T1,S）,3.,Over time,world output has shifted into goods whose,worth is unrelated to their size and weight.,（剑6，T1，R）,4.,For those people whose jobs are secure,it is impossible to increase the salary.,（剑6，T3，R）,第5页,Keys,1.,工业化国家这项指标从8.3年上升到10.2年，这表明工业化国家受教育年限显著加长了。,2.,我想跟你谈谈一位特殊老师，他对我教育产生了重大影响。,3.,过了一段时间，世界生产转向其价值与大小和重量没相关系货物。,4.,对于那些工作安稳人来说，加薪几乎是不可能。,第6页,填空,1.The,r,e are lots of business people _ come to China to work and do business.,(剑3,T3,S),2.The field was launched,and the term“artificial intelligence”coined,at a conference in 1956 by a group of researchers that included Marvin Minsky,John McCarthy,Herbert Simon and Alan Newell,all of _ went on to become leading figures in the field.,（剑5,T3,R),3.The council,_ was founded in 1996,certifies fisheries that meet high environmental standards,enabling them to use a label that recognizes their environmental responsibility.,（剑7,T4,R）,4.Sea ports have been transformed by the advent of powered vessels,_ size and draught have increased.,（剑2,T2,R）,第7页,关系副词引导定语从句,二,东升求实学校教育通讯工作总结汇报,Dongsheng Qiushi XueXiao Jiaoyu TongXun Gongzuo ZongJie,关系副词可代替先行词是时间、地点或理由名词，在从句中作状语。,1）关系副词when,where,why含义相当于介词+which结构，所以经常和介词+which结构交替使用。比如：,There are occasions when（on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服时候。,Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我出生地。,Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他理由吗？,2）that代替关系副词，能够用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由名词后取代when,where,why和介词+which引导定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。比如：,His father died the year（that/when/in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。,He is unlikely to find the place（that/where/in which）he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过地方。,第8页,翻译练习,【练,1,/,3,】,这是能确保充分食物起源时候。（剑5，T4，R）,【练2/,3,】,在北京，有一些著名茶馆，在那里你能够坐下来品茗.（剑3，T3，S）,【练,3,/,3,】,发生这种改变一个主要原因就是电视影响力增大了。(剑3，G，TB，W）,第9页,Keys,This is a time,when adequate food resources will be assured,.,In Beijing there are some famous teahouses,where you can sit and drink tea,.,One of the major reasons,why this change has happened,is the increased influence of TV.,第10页,判断关系代词与关系副词,三,东升求实学校教育通讯工作总结汇报,Dongsheng Qiushi XueXiao Jiaoyu TongXun Gongzuo ZongJie,方法一：,用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。比如：,This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这是我去年呆过山村。,Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事日子。,判断改错：,（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.,（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.,（对）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.,（对）Ill never forget the days（which）I spent in the countryside.,习惯上总把表地点或时间名词与关系副词 where,when联络在一起。此两题错在关系词误用上。,第11页,东升求实学校教育通讯工作总结汇报,Dongsheng Qiushi XueXiao Jiaoyu TongXun Gongzuo ZongJie,方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中成份（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。,例1.Is this museum _ you visited a few days age?,A.whereB.that C.on which D.the one,例2.Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.,A.whereB.that C.on whichD.the one,答案：例1 D，例2 A,例1变为必定句：This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.,例2变为必定句：This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.,在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,on which都不能起到宾语作用，只有the one既做了主句表语，又可做从句宾语，能够省略关系代词，所以应选D。,而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in+which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用不对，所以选A。,关系词选择依据在从句中所做成份，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。,第12页,限制性和非限制性定语从句,四,东升求实学校教育通讯工作总结汇报,Dongsheng Qiushi XueXiao Jiaoyu TongXun Gongzuo ZongJie,定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺乏部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句意思，它与主句之间通惯用逗号分开。比如：,This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买那幢房子。（限制性）,The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买。（非限制性）,第13页,东升求实学校教育通讯工作总结汇报,Dongsheng Qiushi XueXiao Jiaoyu TongXun Gongzuo ZongJie,1,）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后定语从句通常是非限制性。比如：,Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我老师。,My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.我去年买那幢房子带着个漂亮花园。,This novel,which I have read three times,is very touching.这本小说很感人，我已经读了三遍。,2,）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。比如：,He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我意思，这使我心烦。,Liquid water changes to vapor,which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。,说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。,第14页,东升求实学校教育通讯工作总结汇报,Dongsheng Qiushi XueXiao Jiaoyu TongXun Gongzuo ZongJie,4.同位语从句注意与定语从句区分，同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明，在从句中无语法位置，而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置如：,The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong.（同位idea在从句中无位置，而从句只是详细说明idea内容）,The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong.（定语从句，idea做put forward 宾语）,第15页,1.改错,Despite,much research,there are still certain elements,in,the life cycle of the insect that,is,not fully,understood,.,Key:-is:are,知识点:,定语从句中主谓一致.,定语从句中,谓语动词,用单数还是复数,这不取决于关系词,而是由先行词决定.,改错练习,第16页,2.改错,Confidence is probably one of the most noticeable traits in the Americans.They show confidence in the way how they talk,the way how they smile,the way how they dress and the way how they walk.,Key:,delete“how”,知识点:,定语从句中,关系副词没有how.假如要表示方式,我们用以下句型:,the way+that/in which/+从句,改错练习,第17页,3.判断以下两个that从句区分.,1)The rumor,that he spread everywhere,turned out to be untrue.,2)The rumor,that Tom was a gay,turned out to be untrue.,改错练习,结构上,意义上,That 引导,定语从句,That+不完整从句,=adj.对先行词起修饰,描述作用,That 引导,同位语从句,That+完整从句,=n.对前面名词内容详细表述,第18页,1,.They could not get the job.,They wanted the Job.,2,.The person is my good friend.,I spoke to the person just now.,3.,After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small village.,He grew up in that small village.,4.,The knife is very sharp.,We cut the bread with the knife.,合并句子练习,第19页,1,.They could not get the job,which/that,they wanted.,2.,The person,that/who,I spoke to just now is my good friend.,The person,to whom,I spoke just nowis my good friend.,3.,After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small village,in which,=where,he grew up.,4.,The knife,with which,we cut the bread is very sharp.,Keys,第20页,谢谢!,第21页,