中考英语总复习专题九动词市赛课公开课一等奖省名师优质课获奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题九 动词,1.概念：动词是表示动作和状态词。,2.分类：动词分为系动词、实义动词、助动词和情态动词。,考点归纳,1/77,考点一：动词基本形式,1.动词原形：动词本身，不用改变形式。惯用于普通现在时、普通未来时、助动词后面、情态动词后面、祈使句句首、to后面等。,如：I talk to my parents every day.,我天天都和父母聊天。,Go away and leave me alone!,走开，别打搅我！,考点梳理,2/77,2.,第三人称单数（三单）：句子是普通现在时，主语,是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数，其改变,规则：,（1）普通情况直接加-s,如：love loves。,（2）以s，x，ch，sh，o结尾加es，如：,miss misses，fix fixes，watch watches，,finish finishes，do does。,（3）以,“辅音字母加y”,结尾，改y为i再加-es，如：study studies。,（4）不规则改变，如：have has。,如：The old lady loves dancing.,这位年老女士热爱跳舞。,The girl goes abroad for further study every three years.,这女孩每三年去一次国外深造。,The robot has three arms.这个机器人有三只手臂。,考点梳理,3/77,3.过去式：用于普通过去时。其改变规则：,（1）普通情况直接加-ed，如：jump jumped。,（2）以e结尾直接加-d，如：like liked。,（3）以“辅音字母加-y”结尾，改y为i再加-ed，如：marry married。,如：They tried their best to solve the problem.,他们尽力去处理这个问题。,（4）,以重读闭音节且以“辅音+元音+辅音”结尾，,双写最终一个辅音字母再加-ed，如：stop stopped。,（5）不规则改变，如：go went。,如：She went into her room and shut the door behind her.,她走进房间，关上了门。,考点梳理,4/77,4.过,去分词：用于完成时态或被动语态中，其改变规则参见“过去式”改变规则。,如：,My dad has gone to HK.,我父亲已经去了香港。,The 31st Olympic Games was held in Rio in.,年第,31,届奥运会在里约举行。,5.,现在分词、动名词：现在分词用于现在进行时或过去进行时，动名词起名词作用，现在分词与动名词改变规则相同：,（1）普通情况直接加-ing，如：keeping。,（2）以不发音e结尾，去e加-ing，,如：live living。,考点梳理,5/77,（3）,以重读闭音节且以“辅音+元音+辅音”,结尾，,双写最终一个辅音字母再加-ing，如：shop shopping。,（4）以ie结尾，改ie为y再加-ing，如：lie lying。,如：Listen!The bird is singing over there.,听！小鸟在那边唱歌。,I was shopping when you called me last night.,昨晚你打电话给我时候我在购物。,We should practice speaking English every day.,我们应该天天练习讲英语。,考点梳理,6/77,1.Hey,turn it off,please!We dont,music in,the reading room.,Oh,Im sorry,sir.I wont do it again.,(日照市),A.allow B.hear C.enjoy D.like,2.I will,Chinese dishes for my foreign friends,tomorrow evening.,(重庆市),A.cook B.cooks C.cooked D.cooking,3.Helen encouraged me to speak English as much as,possible because practice,perfect.,(盐城市),A.becomes B.became C.will make D.makes,4.Grandpa,glasses when he reads.,(河北省),A.wears B.wore C.has worn D.was wearing,考点自测,A,A,D,A,7/77,5.The dog ran to the door when it,Mr.Morgans,steps.,(淄博市),A.saw B.heard C.smelt D.sound,6.A nice car!Is it yours?,No,it isnt.I,it from a friend of mine two,days ago.,(武汉市),A.borrow B.have borrowed,C.will borrow D.borrowed,7.Whats wrong with Simon?He isnt at school today.,His legs hurt.He was,by a motorcycle this,morning.,(南京市),A.treated B.hit C.operated D.cured,考点自测,B,D,B,8/77,8.Tom,lets hang out after school.,Sorry.I have,Frank to work on the biology,report with him.,(厦门市),A.advised B.expected C.promised D.hoped,9.Look!The old man,a big box into,the house.,Lets go and help him.,(沈阳市),A.pulls B.pulled,C.is pulling D.has pulled,10.Bruce practices,basketball every day,so that he can be a better player.,(海南省),A.play B.to play,C.playing D.played,考点自测,C,C,C,9/77,考点二：系动词,1.系,动词，也称连系动词，初中阶段包含：五感官（,look，smell，sound，taste，feel,）、三改变（,become，get，turn,）、二保持（,keep，stay,）、一好像（,seem,）和一个,be,。,如：The cake tastes delicious.,这蛋糕尝起来很美味。,The leaves turn yellow in autumn.,树叶在秋天变黄了。,Keep a good attitude and good things will happen.,保持好心态，好事自然会发生。,Teachers didnt seem to think so.,老师们似乎不是这么想。,考点梳理,10/77,2.“主语+系动词+形容词（表语）”，主系表结构。系动词没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。,如：The meat smells bad.Youd better throw it away.,这肉闻起来很臭。你最好把它扔掉。,考点梳理,1.Mom is making dinner.It,so nice!,(滨州市),A.smells B.tastes C.feels D.sounds,2.When the boy heard the words,his face,red.,(黑龙江省),A.got B.turned C.changed D.become,3.The cake tastes,and it is really delicious,.,(大庆市),A.well B.badly C.good D.bad,考点自测,A,B,C,11/77,考点三：及物动词和不及物动词,1.实义动词表示动作和状态，在句子中能独立作谓语。实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。有些动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。,如：We study English.我们学英语。（及物）,We study hard我们认真学习。（不及物）,2.及物动词要带宾语。,适用“及物动词+宾语+宾补”,（,vt.,+sb./sth.+do/,adj.,/,n.,）句型及物动词常见有：make，let，have，watch，notice，hear，see等。适用,“及物动词+直接宾语+间接宾语”,（,vt.,+sb.+sth.）句型及物动词常见有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass。,如：The rainy day makes me sad.雨天使我感到沮丧。,考点梳理,12/77,3.,不及物动词不带宾语。如：happen，arrive，come，go,。不及物动词+介词”结构，,才可带宾语。,如：The bus is coming.公车来了。,考点梳理,1.If you need to go to the restroom in class,please,your,hand.,(莱芜市),A.raise B.rise C.shake D.wash,2.How long can I keep this dictionary?,Two weeks.You must,it on time.,(海南省),A.collect B.call C.return D.borrow,考点自测,A,C,13/77,3.Last week Vivian,her mother a dress with her,first-month salary.,(上海市）,A.buy B.bought C.will buy D.would buy,4.Lets,and help him.,(雅安市),A.go B.going C.to go D.go to,5.As the story,the secret of the castle is discovered,little by little.,(无锡市),A.ends B.begins C.develops D.happens,考点自测,B,A,C,14/77,考点四：助动词,助动词本身没有意义，必须和实义动词连用，表示各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。助动词能够调到句首，组成普通疑问句。在助动词后加not，组成否定句。常见助动词有：be（am，is，are，was，were），用于进行时或被动语态；do（does，did）用于普通现在时或普通过去时；have（has，had），用于完成时；will（would）用于普通未来时；should（shall）用于表示委婉语气。,如：He was training his blind dog at that time.,他那时在训练他导盲犬。,Will people have robots in the future?,未来人们会有机器人吗？,考点梳理,15/77,1.Were proud that China,stronger and,stronger these years.(河北省),A.will become B.became,C.is becoming D.was becoming,2.My mother,a good example for me,since I was young.(陕西省),A.was B.has been C.will be D.is,考点自测,C,B,16/77,考点五：情态动词基本使用方法归纳,情态动词有can(could)，may(might)，must，have to，shall(should)，will(would)，dare(dared)，need(needed)，ought to等。情态动词无人称和数改变；不能单独使用，必须与其后动词原形组成谓语。,考点梳理,17/77,1.can，could,（1）表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。,如：,Can you skate?你会滑冰吗？,此时可用be able to代替。can只有普通现在时和普通过去式；而be able to则有更多时态改变。,如：Ill not be able to come this afternoon.,我今天下午来不了了。,当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用can。,如：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in,spite of the heavy rain.,尽管昨天晚上下很大雨，他还是来参加聚会了。,考点梳理,18/77,（2）表示请求和允许。,如：Can I go now?我现在能够走了吗？,Yes,you can./No,you cant.,是，能够了。/不，还不能够。,此时can可与may交换。在疑问句中还可用could，might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于必定句和答语中。,如：Could I come to see you tomorrow?,我明天能够去看看你吗？,Yes,you can.(No,Im afraid not.),当然能够。/恐怕不行。,考点梳理,19/77,（3）表示客观可能性（客观原因形成能力）。,如：Theyve changed the timetable,so we can go by bus,instead.,他们改了时间表，所以我们只能换搭公交车。,（4）表示推测（诧异、怀疑态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。,如：Can this be true?这是真吗？,This cant be done by him.这一定不会是他做。,How can this be true?这怎么可能是真呢？,考点梳理,20/77,2.may，might,（1）表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant或mustnt，表示“不能够，禁止”。,如：May/Might I take this book out of the room?,我能够把这本书带出去吗？,Yes,you can.(No,you cant/mustnt.),能够。/不能够。,用May I？咨询对方许可时比较正式和客气，而Can I？在口语中更常见。,（2）用于祈使句，表示祝福。,如：May you succeed!祝你成功！,考点梳理,21/77,（3）表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。,might不是过去式，它所表示可能性比may小。,如He may/might be very busy now.他现在可能很忙。,3.must，have to,（1）表示必须、必要。,如：You must come in time.你一定要按时到。,在回答引出问句时，假如是否定，不能用mustnt（禁止，不准），而用neednt，dont have to（无须）。,如：Must we hand in our exercise books today?,我们练习册一定要今天交吗？,Yes,you must.(No,you dont have to/you neednt.),是。/不，不需要,考点梳理,22/77,(2)must是说话人主观看法，而have to则强调客观,需要。must只有普通现在时，have to有更多时态改变。,如：His play isnt interesting.I really must go now.,他戏很无聊，我现在必须要走了。,I had to work when I was your age.,我像你这么年纪时候就得干活了。,(3)表示推测、可能性（只用于必定陈说句）,如：Youre Toms good friend,so you must know what,he likes best.,你是汤姆最好朋友，那你一定知道他最喜欢什么。,考点梳理,23/77,4.dare，need,（1）dare作情态动词用时,惯用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中,过去式是dared。,如：How dare you say Im unfair?,你怎么能说我不公平呢？,He darent speak English before such a crowd,dare he?,他不敢在那么多人面前说英语，他敢吗？,考点梳理,24/77,（2）need作情态动词用时,惯用于疑问句、否定句。在必定句中普通用must，have to，ought to，should代替。,如：You neednt come so early.,你不需要来得那么早。,Need I finish the work today?,我需要今天就完成这工作吗？,Yes,you must./No,you neednt.,是。/不需要。,考点梳理,25/77,（3）dare和need作为实义动词时，有些人称、时态和数改变。在必定句中，dare后面常接带to不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to不定式。而need后面只能接带to不定式。,如：I dare to swim across this river.,我敢横渡这条河。,He doesnt dare(to)answer.他不敢回答。,He needs to finish his homework today.,他需要在今天完成他作业。,考点梳理,26/77,5.shall，should,（1）shall用于第一人称，征求对方意见。,如：What shall we do this evening?,今天晚上我们要做什么？,（2）shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。,如：You shall fail if you dont work hard.,不努力话你会失败。(警告),He shall have the book when I finish it.,我看完这本书就给他。(允诺),He shall be punished.,他应该受到处罚。(威胁),考点梳理,27/77,6.will，would,（1）表示请求、提议等，would更委婉。,如：Will/Would you pass me the ball,please?,能把那个球递给我吗？,（2）表示意志、愿望和决心。,如：I will never do that again.,我再也不会这么做了。,They asked him if he would go abroad.,他们问我他是不是要出国。,考点梳理,28/77,（3）would 表示过去重复发生动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比 used to 正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”含义。,如：During the vacation,he would visit me every,other day.,假期间，他每隔一天就来看我。,The wound would not heal.,这个伤口想来不会愈合了。,(4)表示预计和猜测。,如：It would be about ten oclock when she left home.,她离开家时候大约十点左右。,考点梳理,29/77,7.should，ought to,（1）should，ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。,如：I should help her because she is in trouble.,她有困难我应该帮助她。,You ought to take care of the baby.,你应该照料好小宝宝。,（2）表示劝说、提议和命令。should,ought to可通用，但在疑问句中惯用should。,如：You should/ought to go to class right away.,你现在必须去教室。,Should I open the window?我能够开窗户么？,考点梳理,30/77,（3）表示推测,should，ought to(客观推测)，must(主观推测)。,如：He must be home by now.,他现在一定到家了。(断定他已到家),He ought to/should be home by now.,他现在可能到家了。(不太必定),考点梳理,31/77,8.情态动词+完成时（have done）使用方法,详见书本P62,考点梳理,32/77,1.Theres an important football match today.I,miss,it.,(河北省),A.may B.cant C.must D.neednt,2.Whats wrong with Judy?She has been absent for two,days.,Oh,she,be ill.Lets go to ask Mr.Green.,(泉州市),A.may B.need C.would D.have to,3.Is the man over there Mr.Miller?,It,be him.He has gone to Shanghai on business.,(玉林市),A.might B.must C.cant D.mustnt,考点自测,B,A,C,33/77,4.Look!Why are there so many people?,There are some policemen.I think there,a,traffic accident.,(西宁市),A.must have B.can have,C.is going to be D.must be,5.My cousin has a sore throat.,Shed better,.,(青岛市),A.drink water with honey B.see a dentist,C.take a shower D.get an X-ray,考点自测,D,A,34/77,考点自测,6.Many people play with mobile phones all day instead,of reading books.,Thats too bad.Everyone,be a book lover.,Reading is more enjoyable.,(山西省),A.may B.should C.would D.might,7.Must I dress up as the Monkey King?,No,you,.You can choose whatever you like.,(南通市),A.cant B.mustnt C.shouldnt D.neednt,8.Must I clean the room now?,No,you,.You can do it later.,(海南省),A.neednt B.cant C.may not D.mustnt,B,D,A,35/77,9.Could I invite my friends to a party?,Yes,of course you,.,(齐齐哈尔市),A.can B.could C.must D.may,10.Dick,I use your e-dictionary?,Yes,sure.,you give it to David after you,use it?,(娄底市),A.will；Would B.may；Might,C.can；Could D.shall；Should,11.Many scientists believe that robots,able to talk,like humans in 50 years.,(黄石市),A.were B.are C.will be D.have been,12.How do you usually go to school?,My school is far away.I,take the bus to,school.,(菏泽市),A.must B.might C.have to D.may,考点自测,A,C,C,C,36/77,13.Mom,I play football this afternoon?,Sure,but you,finish your homework first.,(天津市),A.may；could B.can；must,C.can；mustnt D.may；cant,14.Excuse me,is this the way to No.10 MiddleSchool?,Oh,sorry.Im not sure.But it,be.,(宿迁市),A.must B.should C.need D.may,考点自测,B,D,37/77,15.Will you stay for some more days?,Sorry,I,.My mother called to ask me to go,back home at once.,A.mustnt B.may not C.cant D.wouldnt,16.Must I finish my homework today?,No,you,.You can finish it tomorrow.,(黔西南州),A.cant B.shouldnt C.neednt D.mustnt,17.Weve got everything ready for the picnic.,Do you mean I,bring anything with me?,(无锡市),A.cant B.mustnt C.couldnt D.neednt,考点自测,C,C,D,38/77,考点六：非谓语动词,1.非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓语动词，常见形式有动词不定式（to do）及动名词（doing）。在中考语法项目中，主要考查动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目标状语。动词不定式由“to+动词原形”组成，有时to省略，直接由动词原形组成。否定式由“not to+动词原形”组成。,如：We decided to go on hiking though we were tired.,即使我们很累，不过我们决定继续远足。,The girl tried not to wake up her mother.,这女孩尽可能不吵醒她妈妈。,考点梳理,39/77,2.动词不定式作宾语,（1）接不定式作宾语动词（“动词+to do”结构）常见有：,learn 学会 plan 计划 decide 决定,try 尽力 choose 选择 agree 同意,refuse 拒绝 pretend 假装 offer 主动,would like/want 想要 expect 期望,hope/wish 希望 promise 承诺,afford 负担得起 prefer 喜欢,help 帮助(help to do/help do)like 喜欢(like to do/doing),continue 继续(continue to do/doing),begin/start 开始(begin/start to do/doing),如：I would like to have a sandwich.我想要吃一个三明治。,考点梳理,40/77,（2）动词不定式作宾语，置句末，前面用it指代不定式，it是形式宾语。,如：We found it difficult to understand what you said.,我们发觉极难了解你所说话。,（3）有动词在不定式前可加上疑问词（who，what，which等）作宾语（即“动词+疑问词+to do”结构），常见有：show 表明、指示；know 知道；tell 告诉；teach 教；learn 学习；decide 决定。,如：Larry didnt know how to tell her the bad news.,拉里不知道怎样告诉她这个坏消息。,考点梳理,41/77,3.动词不定式作宾语补足语,（1）接不定式作宾语补足语动词（动词+sb.+to do结构，否定式“动词+sb.not to do”）常见有：,tell 告诉 ask 请 order 命令,warn 警告 teach 教 want 想要,wish 希望 expect 期望 encourage 勉励 allow 允许 invite 邀请 advise 提议 require 要求 force 强迫,如：Do you want me to find out the phone number?,你想要我找出那个电话号码吗？,考点梳理,42/77,（2）有些及物动词，接不定式作宾语补足语时（动词+sb.+do），要省略to。这类及物动词常见有：,let 让 make 使 have 使,see 看见 watch 注视 hear 听到,notice 注意到 feel 感觉起来,被动语态中要还原to，如 make sb.do被动语态变为 sb.be made to do。,如：I saw him read in the library yesterday.,我昨天看到他在图书馆阅读,考点梳理,43/77,4.动词不定式作目标状语,不定式作目标状语，可放在句首或句末。to表示,目标、为了。,如：To learn math well,you must do more exercises.,为了学好数学，你必须多做练习。,We came here to ask you for help.,我们来这是为了向你寻求帮助。,考点梳理,44/77,5.辨析,（1）remember/forget to do意为“记得/忘记要做某事（还没有做）”；remember/forget doing意为“记得/忘记做过某事（已经做了）”。,如：Dont forget to bring your homework to school next,week.别忘了下周带你作业过来。,I remembered seeing her somewhere before.,我记得之前在哪见过她。,考点梳理,45/77,（2）stop to do意为“停下来，去干另一件事”；stop doing意为“停顿正在做事情”。,如：After a short rest,they stopped to work.,在短暂休息之后，他们停下来，开始工作。,Students stopped talking as soon as the teacher,came in.老师一进来，学生们就停顿讲话。,考点梳理,46/77,（3）try to do意为“尽力做某事，企图做某事”；try doing意为“尝试着做某事”。,如：He came here and tried to find a good job.,他来到这里想找份好工作。,Dick isnt here.Try phoning his home number.,迪克不在这里。试试给他家打个电话看看。,（4）regret to do意为“遗憾要做某事”；regret doing意为“后悔做过某事”。,如：I regret to say I cant go with you.,很遗憾，我不能和你一块去。,I regret not taking your advice.,我很后悔没采纳你提议。,考点梳理,47/77,（5）mean to do意为“打算做某事”；mean doing意为“意味着做某事”。,如：Sorry,I didnt mean to hurt your feelings.,对不起，我不是有意要伤害你感情。,Learning English doesnt mean just working in class.,学英语并不意味着只在课堂上操演。,（6）go on to do意为“接着干另一件事”；go on doing意为“继续干同一件事”。,如：After finishing reading,he went on to do some,writing.阅读完之后，他接着写作。,After a smoke,he went on telling me his story.,吸了一口烟后，他继续给我讲他故事。,考点梳理,48/77,6.拓展：常接动名词动词或动词短语（“动词+doing”结构，或“动词短语+doing”结构），巧记口诀：,喜欢考虑怎逃免（enjoy，consider，escape，avoid），认可放弃太冒险（admit，give up，risk），介意想象莫推延（mind，imagine，delay，put off），观赏完成是期望（appreciate，finish，look forward to），提议允许勤练习（suggest，allow，practice），情不自禁要坚持（cant help，insist on），继续注意终成功（keep on，pay attention to，succeed in）。,如：We enjoy singing together.我们喜欢一起歌唱。,You should practice speaking English every day.,你应该天天练习讲英语。,考点梳理,49/77,1.They decided,a bridge over the river.,(遂宁市),A.build B.to build C.building D.to building,2.What does the sign mean?,It tells us,in public.,(咸宁市),A.didnt smoke B.dont smoke,C.not to smoke D.not smoke,3.Maria would like,an animal doctor.,(常德市),A.be Bbeing C.to be D.to being,4.I wanted to see the Beijing Opera,so Lingling offered,me to watch an opera.,(天津市),A.took B.takes C.to take D.taking,考点自测,B,C,C,C,50/77,5.I found,not very easy,to ride a bike.,(齐齐哈尔市),A.that；learn B.it；to learn,C.that；to learn D.it；learn,6.Ive no idea,next month,Why not,visiting Beijing?There are so many,places of interest there.,(达州市),A.where to go；suggest B.how to go；wonder,C.where to go；consider D.how to go；regard,7.My parents didnt allow me to,the party.,(天津市),A.go B.to go C.goes D.went,考点自测,B,C,B,51/77,8.Though she often makes her little brother,she,was made,by