Interpreting英语口译.pptx

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Interpreting,The Course of Interpreting Skills Between Chinese and English,Leslie WEI,1/51,Preparation Unit,An introduction to professional interpreting,Objectives,Overview of course structure,Contents of the lessons,Overview of interpreting skills,Progression of skills,2/51,Overview of Interpreting Skills,Consecutive Interpreting,Skills in the Comprehension Phase,Getting the message through listening,Logical analysis,Memory in interpreting,Note-taking,Coping tactics in comprehension,Skills in the Reformulation Phase,Public speaking,Figure interpreting,Fidelity in interpreting,Reconstruction skills,Coping tactics in reformulation,3/51,Overview of Interpreting Skills,Skills in Analysis,Discourse analysis,Cross-cultural communication,Enhancement of interpreters language abilities,Acquisition of extra-linguistic knowledge,Sight translation,Professional code of ethics,4/51,Progression of Skills for Consecutive Interpreting,Memory Training:encoding,storage,retrieval,categorization,generalization and comparison,mnemonics and aids to memory,Public Speaking:voice projection,speed of delivery,eye contact,Figures:Cardinal numbers,fractions,decimals,percentages,rates,ratios,totals,trends,stability,fluctuation,comparisons,intensifiers and softeners,5/51,Progression of Skills for Consecutive Interpreting,Note-taking:individual notes,symbols,abbreviations,case study notes,Paraphrasing:restructuring,reformulation,parts of speech,structures and sentence length,Coping tactics:reconstitution,skipping and asking,Behaving professionally,6/51,Progression of Skills for Consecutive Interpreting,Summary:analysis and organization,focus on main points,Communicating across cultures:cultural references,idioms,humor and jokes,Sight translation:structuring your delivery,sentences and sense groups,7/51,Lesson 1 Getting the message through listening,Whats the difference between listening in interpreting and listening in comprehension exercises?,Listening in interpreting is,more complex and effort-consuming,than the listening comprehension exercises.,An interpreter listens to,get the message,words carry.While listening,he forms the whole picture of the message,as well as the details.,Gist,retelling,8/51,Lesson 2 Logical analysis,Logical analysis includes vertical and horizontal analysis,Vertical analysis:to clarify,layers,of information,Horizontal analysis:to follow the,patterns,of organization so as to understand the links between pieces of information.,Doing logical analysis is aimed at,enhancing the retention of information,in ones memory.,Listening has to be very,active,coupled with,anticipation,of what the speaker is going to say.,9/51,Lesson 3:Memory in Interpreting,Do interpreters have a photographic memory?,What is useful in interpreting is not the ability to learn something by heart,but to remember what has been said just a few moments before.,The more“meaningful”the information,the shorter it takes for it to be committed to memory and the easier it is to remember.,Meaning Memory(i.e.moviegoer),Memory in CI consists of nothing more than,understanding the meaning,which the words convey.,10/51,Memory Training,Encoding,storage and retrieval,Categorization,generalization and comparison,Mnemonics and aids to memory,11/51,Practice texts,专访比尔盖茨：中国富豪不应关门搞慈善,从曾经“世界首富”变身“世界首善”，从梦想“人人拥有计算机”到梦想“人人拥有健康”，盖茨正在给人生命价值作出全新诠释。,比尔盖茨：说到捐款，我们不只是捐助资金，更输出一个影响力。去年全世界约有,900,万五岁以下儿童死亡，超出,90,都生活在欠发达国家，而仅仅腹泻、疟疾这么疾病造成死亡人数就超出百万。我认为基金会目标是让,900,万这个数字逐步下降。实际上我们也能够做到这一点。我们与中国疫苗企业合作，取得政府各种援助，经过创新降低贫穷和疾病，每一天我们都会有新进展。,直到,3,年前，我生活都是相关软件，神奇软件。而且直到今天这方面仍有很多能够做，比如改变教育方式、创新沟通路径、可视电脑、能够说话电脑等。不过今天，我全职员作是做基金会，了解相关疟疾、艾滋病、结核病方面情况，帮助最贫困人们。在我有生之年，这将是我主要任务。,我做基金会梦想是让每一个生命平等。这意味着即使是出生在最贫困国家，也不会有数以百万人死于疟疾。这几年来我有很多机会访问非洲，目睹了人们饱受疟疾 病痛折磨悲惨景象。我还造访疫苗生产方面科学家，一旦我们有了疫苗，就能够开始毁灭疟疾。我有机会参观了小儿麻痹症防治活动，发觉假如做得好，我们将在,4,年内完全消除小儿麻痹症。,这个人人平等梦想将是我未来关键目标，我们会不停进取，让这句话不再仅仅是一句口号。这,3,年我感觉不错，因为我已经能够提升这些努力可行性，以确保微软捐赠有放矢，我朋友巴菲特则努力确保资金花费有效性。但我知道这远远不够，未来我会做得更加好。,12/51,Practice texts,Actors and Others for Animals,Mission:,Founded in 1971,Actors and Others for Animals is dedicated to the promotion of the humane treatment of animals.Our main mission is to curb the pet overpopulation problem by subsidizing spay/neuter surgeries.Together with other vital services,we are there to help pet guardians living on a low and/or fixed income care for their beloved companions.We are a community based animal welfare organization serving the greater Los Angeles area and surrounding counties.Our programs include:pet overpopulation,spay/neuter help,pet care,emergency medical help,pet-assisted therapy,humane education,and a feral cats assistance program.,13/51,Practice texts,American University,Mission:,A global outlook,practical idealism,a passion for public service:Theyre part of American University(AU)today,and they were in the air in 1893,when AU was chartered by Congress.American University is a private doctoral institution situated in a residential neighborhood of northwest Washington,D.C.Our total fall enrollment was 12,186,with 6,023 degree-seeking undergraduates,3,297 degree-seeking graduate students,1,667 law students,and 1,199 students in non-degree certificate programs,Washington Semester,or AU Abroad.AU has six major schools and colleges:College of Arts and Sciences,Kogod School of Business,School of Communication,School of International Service,School of Public Affairs,and Washington College of Law.,14/51,Tips for Memory Training,Organization,Mental repetition,Visualization,Chunking,Association,15/51,Practice Texts,中 国地势西高东低，山地、高原和丘陵约占陆地面积,67,，盆地和平原约占陆地面积,33,。山脉多呈东西和东北一西南走向，主要有阿尔泰山、天山、昆仑 山、喀喇昆仑山、喜马拉雅山、阴山、秦岭、南岭、大兴安岭、长白山、太行山、武夷山、台湾山脉和横断山等山脉。西部有世界上最高大青藏高原，平均海拔,4000,米以上，素有“世界屋脊”之称，珠穆朗玛峰海拔,8844.43,米，为世界第一高峰。在此以北以东内蒙古、新疆地域、黄土高原、四川盆地和云贵高 原，是中国地势第二级阶梯。大兴安岭一太行山一巫山一武陵山一雪峰山一线以东至海岸线多为平原和丘陵，是第三级阶梯。海岸线以东以南大陆架，蕴藏着丰 富海底资源。,16/51,Practice Texts,Japan has a total of 6,852 islands extending along the Pacific coast of Asia.The country,including all of the islands it controls,lies between latitudes 24 and 46N,and longitudes 122 and 146E.About 73 percent of Japan is forested,mountainous,and unsuitable for,agricultural,industrial,or,residential,use.,As a result,the habitable zones,mainly located in coastal areas,have extremely high population densities.Japan is one of the,most densely populated countries,in the world.,The islands of Japan are located in a,volcanic,zone on the,Pacific Ring of Fire,.They are primarily the result of large oceanic movements occurring over hundreds of millions of years from the mid-Silurian to the Pleistocene as a result of the,subduction,of the,Philippine Sea Plate,beneath the continental,Amurian Plate,and,Okinawa Plate,to the south,and subduction of the,Pacific Plate,under the,Okhotsk Plate,to the north.Japan was originally attached to the eastern coast of the Eurasian continent.The subducting plates pulled Japan eastward,opening the,Sea of Japan,around 15 million years ago.,Japan has 108 active volcanoes.Destructive,earthquakes,often resulting in,tsunami,occur several times each century.,The,1923 Tokyo earthquake,killed over 140,000 people.,More recent major quakes are the,1995 Great Hanshin earthquake,and the,Thoku earthquake,a 9.0-magnitude,79,quake which hit Japan on March 11,and triggered a large tsunami.,17/51,After-class Discussion,方位表述,朝代翻译,惯用中英文度量衡换算,旅游景点名称翻译,菜肴名称翻译,18/51,Figures,Cardinal numbers,Fractions,decimals and percentages,Rates,ratios and totals,Prepositions,Trends,Stability and fluctuation,Comparisons,Intensifiers and softeners,19/51,Practice texts,受制于政策面预期落空以及短期资金面承压，今日,A,股市场全天继续展现震荡探底走势，其中沪综指再度迫近,2500,点关口，同时两市成交量继续萎缩，显示投资者慎重情绪较浓，尾盘沪综指最终报收于,2528.28,点，下跌,1.09%,。,上周,A,股市场刚才结束连续下跌走出反弹之势，而本周在消息面频传利空消息影响下，再度震荡下行，周累计跌幅,3.21%,，市场弱势特征显著。,从盘面观察，市场整体一改上周结构性行情，开始陷入整体低迷态势，前期强势股纷纷补跌似乎预示短线大盘仍有调整空间；而量能连续萎缩，说明在预期不明朗、增量资金无望背景下，资金退出观望气氛浓厚。,20/51,Practice texts,路透纽约,9,月,1,日电,-,对美国公债无止境避险买需,掩盖了一个非常严重潜在财政问题,:,美国需要延长公债期限,.,在全部主要国家中,美国公债到期时间分布最不均衡,.,超出,70%,美国公债将在五年内到期,而经济合作暨发展组织,(OECD)34,个组员国这一百分比平均为,49%.,所以美国极易受到投资者人气改变冲击,美国债务规模四年内几乎已经翻倍,.,可流通美国公债已增至逾,9,万亿美元,而在,年末政府增加支出救援金融企业之前为,5,万亿美元,.,若人气骤然发生改变,可能使美国债券再融资成本飙升,进而可能侵蚀政府预算,以及偿付长久债务能力,.,最糟糕情形可能是,美国完全没有能力进行再融资,.,21/51,Practice texts,“IVE never seen risk aversion this intense,”says the chief executive of a large European bank.“It is unsustainable.”His anxiety is understandable given the wild gyrations that rocked bond and commodity markets in early August and continued through the slow trading days of mid-August,when gold hit new highs and the yields on government bonds touched new lows in Britain and America.,Steep falls in stock prices this month have erased all the gains made over the past year.The hardest hit have been banks,with those in Europe getting the biggest clobbering.European bank shares have fallen by 25%this year,and have underperformed the wider markets and American bank stocks over the past two years(see chart 1).Banks in France are down by 33%since the start of,those in Italy by 37%.Many banks now trade at a deep discount to the value of their assets.Barclays,for instance,has a market value that is less than half the worth of its assets.European banks are not unique in this regard.Bank of America,whose share price has slumped by almost half this year,is now valued at about one-third of its assets.,22/51,Practice texts,White House upbeat on US economic growth,The White House is far more pessimistic about reducing the level of US unemployment.,The official unemployment rate was 9.1%in July,and is expected to be similar when Augusts data is released on Friday.,The OMB said the jobless rate could still be as high as 9%late next year,or at best 8.2%.,With the next presidential election due in November,the issue of tackling unemployment is expected to be one of the key issues.,The OMB said the US economy had been affected this year by high oil prices,the Japanese earthquake hampering supplies for American manufacturers,debt concerns in the European union,and the long political dispute over raising the countrys debt ceiling.,As a result,it said economic growth and job creation,while positive,have not been strong enough to bring down the unemployment rate to an acceptable level.,23/51,Trends,Upward movement,Downward movement,Rise,Increase,To grow,To ascend,To augment,Climb,To mount,To go up,To level up,To edge up,To creep up,To pick up,Fall,Decrease,Drop,Decline,To descend,To shrink,To reduce,To shorten,To lessen,To diminish,To slide,To go down,To level down,To edge down,To creep down,To slip back,24/51,Trends,Fast upward movement,Fast downward movement,Jump,Soar,To surge,To skyrocket(informal),To rocket,To leap,To,shoot,Collapse,To slump,To crash,To plummet,To plunge,25/51,Trends,Top,Bottom,To reach the top/the peak/the climax/the highest point/the summit/the most,A new record,To get to,To ascend to,To climb up to,To increase to,To top,To peak,To mount to,Less,Least,To drop to the bottom,To reach the rock bottom,To bottom out,26/51,Stability and fluctuation,Stability,Fluctuation,To stabilize,To remain/be/become/stay/maintain/,keep+constant/stable/steady/unchanged/fixed,The same as/similar to/identical to/equal to,To level out/off,To be even,To stand/stay at,To hardly change,To have little change,To fluctuate,To rise and fall,To be instable,To undulate,To experience up(s)and down(s),27/51,Modification Expressions,Considerably Significantly Substantially,Rapidly Far Steadily,A little Somewhat Dramatically,Sharply Suddenly Steeply,Much Gradually Stably,Slightly Marginally Slowly,28/51,Intensifiers and softeners,Very intense,Considerably softened,Dramatically,Sharp,Substantially,Considerably,Far,Much,A little,Slightly,Somewhat,Marginally,29/51,Practice texts,UK construction growth weakens in August,Growth in the UK building sector slowed further in August,while the housing sector shrank again,a survey suggests.,The Markit/Cips Construction PMI index,-based on a monthly survey of building firms-fell to 52.6,from 53.5 in July.Levels above 50 indicate growth.,It is the lowest reading since the construction sector returned to growth eight months ago,and comes amid worries of a renewed recession.,Meanwhile,separate data showed a sharp fall in new construction orders.,New orders in the second quarter dropped 16.3%versus the first three months of the year,according to the Office for National Statistics(ONS),.,This brings the total volume of new orders below the trough registered during the-09 recession,to its lowest level since 1980.,The drop in business appeared to have been driven by government cuts.,Public sector housing and non-housing orders both dropped over 30%from the previous quarter,the ONS data showed,while infrastructure spending was down by a quarter.,30/51,Practice texts,US economy:No new jobs added in August,The August number was much worse than had been expected-the predicted figure was an addition of about 70,000 new jobs.,The unemployment rate remained unchanged from July at 9.1%.,In addition,the figures for the previous two months were revised down to show weaker jobs growth.,The Labor Department now says that in July 85,000 jobs were created,down from 117,000 in the earlier estimate,while the number of jobs added in June was revised down from 46,000 to 20,000.,The yield,which is the implied cost of borrowing,of the 10-year Treasury bond fell instantly from 2.13%to 2.03%,in anticipation of a possible further round of debt purchases by the Federal Reserve.,31/51,Practice texts,年那轮通胀,CPI,到,6.9%,后有过回落，但随即就冲到了,8.5%,高点。本轮会在,7,月,6.5%,调头吗？还是会维持高位冲击新高？,“高层对当前中国经济判断是增加问题不大，通胀问题不小。”分析温总理,9,月,1,日在,求是,发文内容后，安信证券首席经济学家高善文对记者称。,当日公布最新,PMI,指数呼应了这一说法：,8,月份,PMI,为,50.9%,，比,7,月份回升了,0.2,个百分点，这是,4,月份以来连续回落后首次回升。据此交银国际判断，经济回调处于可控范围，没有硬着陆风险。,分析细项数据能够发觉，此次,PMI,回升主要原因是原材料库存上升。通常认为，原材料库存上升预示着“去库存”进入后半阶段，是未来制造业活动扩张征兆。,不过,PMI,数据带来并不都是好消息。以前已连续,5,个月下降购进价格指数再度回升，较上月升,0.9,个百分点至,57.2%,，,20,个行业中有,17,个高于,50%,，其中农副食品加工及食品制造业、饮料制造业、非金属矿物制品业等,7,个行业到达,60%,以上。,32/51,Practice texts,金德勒上任伊始，企业内部就出现了分裂，很多人都想离开，它商业模式也陷入了危机，金德勒立誓要改变这一切，并给自己设定了目标：要大力提升辉瑞 研发新药能力。可这谈何轻易，仿造药已经占据了美国,63%,市场，让人们花钱买昂贵名牌药非常困难，很多药厂都有这么问题，而因为立普妥专利保护 即将结束，辉瑞形式愈加严峻。金德勒延续了麦金内时期两个研发项目，不过没有一个开发成功，还让企业损失惨重。为了应对困局，金德勒采取了两个措 施：一个是大幅度裁员，包含裁剪了,20%,销售人员；另一个就是吞并其它制药厂，在完成了两项吞并以后，他又想收购惠氏。不过因为担心出现失误，这项交易 往返谈判了一年