科技论文英文摘要写作.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,科技论文英文摘要写作,1,1/48,英文摘要格调,英文摘要文体格调要求为：,1)完整、清楚、简明；,2)尽可能用短句并防止句形单调；,3)用过去时态叙述作者工作，用普通现在时态叙述作者结论；,2,2/48,英文摘要文体格调要求为：,4)可用动词情况下尽可能防止用动名词；,5)冠词不要误用、滥用或随便省略；,6)防止用一长串形容词或名词来修饰名词，可将这些词分成几个前置短语，用连字符连接名词组，作为单位形容词(一个形容词)；,7)不用俚语外语表示概念，应用标准英语；,英文摘要格调,3,3/48,英文摘要文体格调要求为：,8)尽可能用主动语态代替被动语态；,9)尽可能用简短、词义清楚并为人熟知词；,10)不使用文学描述手法，文词要朴实无华；,英文摘要格调,4,4/48,英文摘要文体格调要求为：,11)包括他人结果尽可能列出他们名字；,12)词语拼写使用英美拼法均可，但每篇须保持一致；,13)对于大众所熟知缩写语可直接使用，普通缩写语在首次出现时要写全称。,英文摘要格调,5,5/48,信息性文摘（Information Abstracts）,（1）目标：主要说明作者写此文章目标，或说本文主要要处理问题。,（2）过程及方法：主要说明作者主要工作过程及所用方法，也包含众多边界条件，使用主要设备和仪器。,（3）结果：作者在此工作过程最终得到结果和结论，如有可能，尽可能提一句作者所得结果和结论应用范围和应用情况。,英文摘要类型,6,6/48,Composing Letters With a,Simulated Listening Typewriter,摘要：本试验目标是要确定一台尚不完善听写打字机能否用来写信,（目标）,。试验者口授信函时，有时一字一字口授，有时是连续话语口授。他们口授时，听写打字机便做模拟工作；听写打字机有能识别有限量词语，有则能识别无限量词语。,（方法）,英文摘要类型,7,7/48,Composing Letters With a,Simulated Listening Typewriter,摘要：结果表明，即使第一次使用听写打字机，有一些样信效果就和传统耳听、手写效果一样好,（试验结果）,。含有大量词汇逐词口授将成为可用听写打字机依据。,（结论）,英文摘要类型,8,8/48,Composing Letters With a,Simulated Listening Typewriter,An aim of the experiments is to determine if an imperfect listening typewriter would be useful for composing letters.Participants dicated,either in isolated words or in consecutive word speech.This was carried out with stimulations of listening typewriter that recognized either a limited vocabulary or an unlimted vocabulary.,英文摘要类型,9,9/48,Composing Letters With a,Simulated Listening Typewriter,Results show that some version,even upon first using them,are at least as good as traditional methods of handwriting and dictating.Isolated word speech with large vocabularies may provide the basis for a useful listening type writer,.,英文摘要类型,10,10/48,指示性文摘（Indicated Abstracts）,指示型摘要也称为介绍型摘要或陈说型摘要，它只是简明地介绍论文论题，仅使读者对论文主要内容有一些概括了解。普通那不介绍方法、结果结论详细内容，不包含任何数据。它仅指出论文综合内容，适合用于综述性文件，图书介绍及编辑加工过专著等。,英文摘要类型,11,11/48,Use of Rank Order Distributions for,Estimation of Probabilities of Rare Events,摘 要：本文讨论了从大到小分布以及对应估值问题，并考虑它们在稀少事件研究中应用，提供了一些分布最简单形式在预测稀少事件发生方面应用实例。,英文摘要类型,12,12/48,Use of Rank Order Distributions for,Estimation of Probabilities of Rare Events,Abstract:Rank order distributions and the corresponding estimation problem are discussed.Their application to the study of rare events is considered.Examples are given of the application of the simplest of these distributions in predicting the occurrence of rare events.,英文摘要类型,13,13/48,文体格调（styles）,（1）文摘叙述要简明，逻辑性要强；,（2）句子结构严谨完整，尽可能用短句子；,（3）技术术语尽可能用工程领域通用标准；,（4）用过去时态叙述作者工作，用现在时态叙述,作者结论；,（5）可用动词情况尽可能防止用动词名词形式；,如：用“Thickness of plastic sheets was measured”,英文摘要格调,14,14/48,文体格调（styles）,（6）注意冠词使用方法，分清a是泛指，the是专指；如“Pressure is a function of temperature”不应是“Pressure is a function of the temperature”,（7）防止使用长系列形容词或名词来修饰名词，可用预置短语分开或用连字符（hyphen）断开名词词组，作为单位形容词（一个形容词）。,英文摘要格调,15,15/48,文体格调（styles）,（8）不使用俚语，外来语表示概念，应用标准英语；,（9）尽可能用主动语态代替被动语态；,如 “A exceed B”优于“B is exceeded by A”,（10）语言要简练，但不得使用电报语言；,英文摘要格调,16,16/48,文体格调（styles）,（11）文词要纯朴无华，不用多姿多态文学性,描述手法；,（12）组织好句子，使动词尽可能靠近主语；,（13）删繁从简；如用 increase 代替,has been found to increase,英文摘要格调,17,17/48,文体格调（styles）,（14）用主要事实开头，尽可能防止用辅助从句开头；比如用：“Power consumption of telephone switching systems was determined from data obtained experimentally”而不用“From data obtained experimentally，power consumption of telephone switching systems was determined”,英文摘要格调,18,18/48,文体格调（styles）,（15）文摘中包括他人工作或研究结果时，尽可能列出他们名字；,（16）文摘词语拼写，用英美拼法都可；但每篇中应保持一致；,（17）题目中尽可能少用缩略词，必要时亦需在括号中注明全称，特殊字符及希腊字母在题目中尽可能不用，或少用。,英文摘要格调,19,19/48,介绍文章作者观点和研讨课题内容语句,1.文章内容与作者观点惯用语句,2.文章研究课题惯用语句,3.文章包括范围,4.综述与概括某一个领域研究课题惯用语句,5.文章重点惯用语句,6.文章目标惯用语句,英文摘要经典例句,20,20/48,1.文章内容与作者观点惯用语句,惯用词语有：deal with;describe;explain;illustrate;introduce;present;report 等,(1),Performance goals and measuring methods are briefly described.,简述了性能目标与测量方法,英文摘要经典例句,21,21/48,1.文章内容与作者观点惯用语句,(2),The applications of this technique to nuclear detection are illustrated.,说明了这种技术对核探测应用。,(3),The basic concepts and data collected are presented.,给出了基本概念与搜集数据。,英文摘要经典例句,22,22/48,2.文章研究课题惯用语句,惯用词语有：analyze,consider,develop,discuss,investigate,state,study等,(1)The main experimental problems are also analyzed with such ultra-low-frequency measurements.,用这种超低频测量，也分析了主要试验问题。,英文摘要经典例句,23,23/48,2.文章研究课题惯用语句,(2),The relationship between mass and energy in nature is stated briefly.,简述了自然界中质量与能量关系。,(3),The continuity of this function is studied under a certain boundary condition.,研究了这个函数在某一边界条件下连续性。,英文摘要经典例句,24,24/48,3.文章包括范围,惯用词语有：consist of,contain,cover,include等,(1),This article consists of four parts:introduction,theory,experimental method and conclusion.,本文由引言、理论、试验方法和结论四部分组成。,英文摘要经典例句,25,25/48,3.文章包括范围,(2).,The configuration,structural and results of a parametric structural optimization analysis are contained.,本文包含一个参数结构优化分析组成、结构优化和结果。,(3),DSP products and specifications are covered in the scope of the research本研究范围包括DSP产品和规格。,英文摘要经典例句,26,26/48,4.综述与概括某一个领域研究课题惯用语句,惯用词语：abstract,outline,review,summary等,(1),The experimental technique for the measurement of these properties is outlined only.,对测量这些特征试验技术仅作概要叙述。,英文摘要经典例句,27,27/48,4.综述与概括某一个领域研究课题惯用语句,(2),The theory based on materials science is summarized briefly.,简单概述了基于材料科学理论。,(3),The design planning to be used is summarized in detail.,详细地总结了要采取设计规则。,英文摘要经典例句,28,28/48,5.文章重点惯用语句,惯用词语有：be,concentrate,focus,give,pay等,惯用句型有：attention is concentrated on,there is a focus on,attention is paid to,the emphasis is on,(1),Attention is concentrated on grasping the quantum theory.,重点是在掌握量子理论上。,英文摘要经典例句,29,29/48,5.文章重点惯用语句,(3),Particular attention is given to the evaluation of the economic current density in the conductors.,本文重视对导体中经济电流密度评定。,(4),The greatest emphasis is on the peaceful utilization of nuclear energy.,本文重点在于核能和平利用。,英文摘要经典例句,30,30/48,6.文章目标惯用语句,惯用词语有：aim,objective,purpose,seek等。另外，经常要用不定式做表语或谓语动词目标状语来表示目标。,(1),The main objective of this study is to determine,本研究主要目标是,(2),The purpose of this research/study is to,本研究目标是,英文摘要经典例句,31,31/48,6.文章目标惯用语句,(3),The aim of this research is to carry out the critical experiment and obtain important critical parameters on the zero power reactor.,此研究目标是在零功率反应堆上进行临界试验，并取得主要临界参数。,英文摘要经典例句,32,32/48,介绍文章结果语句,1.结果获取和开发等惯用词语,2.观察和指示惯用词语,3.运算和计量惯用词语,4.应用与用途惯用词语,5.评定与比较惯用词语,6.试验与试验惯用词语,英文摘要经典例句,33,33/48,介绍文章结果语句,7.论证与依据惯用词,8.推荐与提议惯用词语,9.结论惯用语句,介绍深入研究必要性语句,英文摘要经典例句,34,34/48,1.结果获取和开发等惯用词语,惯用词语：,achieve,construct,derive,design,develop,establish,give,improve,obtain,produce,provide,realize,record,reduce,solve,等,英文摘要经典例句,35,35/48,1.结果获取和开发等惯用词语,(1),The special equations are derived based on the quantum theory.,基于量子理论，推导了这些特殊方程式。,(2),This paper provides an ideal source of radiation for an optical communication system.,本文为光通信系统提供了一个理想辐射源。,英文摘要经典例句,36,36/48,2.观察和指示惯用词语,惯用词语有：,demonstrate,exhibit,find,indicate,observe,point out,show,等,(1),A great improvement in sensitivity and re-productivity is showed in the results by using this method.,这些结果表明，使用此方法能使灵敏度和再现性有很大改进。,英文摘要经典例句,37,37/48,3.运算和计量惯用词语,惯用词语：calculate,determine,estimate,measure,(1),The model parameters are estimated by using a recursive extended least square method.,用递归扩展最小二乘法估算了模型参数。,(2),The deviation in each method is carefully estimated.,仔细地预计了每种方法误差。,英文摘要经典例句,38,38/48,4.应用与用途惯用词语,惯用词语有：apply,use 等。,(1),The developed technique was applied to ambient air and automobile exhaust analysis.,将研究所得技术应用与环境空气和汽车废气分析。,(2),These facilities are used to develop computer hardware for several projects.,这些方法被用来为若干项目研制计算机硬件。,英文摘要经典例句,39,39/48,5.评定与比较惯用词语,惯用词语,：agree with,assess,compare,evaluate,(1),The calculated results agree with experimental results with regard to the effects of noise on signal amplitude.,就噪声对信号幅度影响而言，计算结果与试验 结果一致。,英文摘要经典例句,40,40/48,5.评定与比较惯用词语,(1),Various rate and energy parameters were evaluated.,本文估算了各种速率和能量参数。,(2),The used assumptions are evaluated by comparison with measurement results,经过与试验结果比较，对所用假设进行了评审。,英文摘要经典例句,41,41/48,6.试验与试验惯用词语,惯用词语有：experiment,test等,(1),The accuracy of the five solutions is tested by comparing them with the exact modal solution,.,经过与准确模态解比较，对这5种解准确性进行了试验。,英文摘要经典例句,42,42/48,7.论证与依据惯用词,惯用词语,：base on,be based on,take as reference等,(1),Methods of analysis are based on Maxwell equations.,分析方法是依据麦克斯韦尔方程式。,(2),The remedial measures can be adopted,based on the probabilistic safety analysis.(PSA),依据概率安全分析，这些补救办法能够被采取。,英文摘要经典例句,43,43/48,8.推荐与提议惯用词语,惯用词语有,：propose,recommend,suggest,等,(1),A modular tooling system is proposed.,提出了一个模块化加工系统。,(2),A method is suggested to control and evaluate the corrosion of high temperature sections.,提出了一个方法来控制和评定,英文摘要经典例句,44,44/48,9.结论惯用语句,惯用词有：arrive at,conclude等,(1),The basic aim of engineering studies is to arrive at an optimum design.,工程研究根本目标是要到达最优设计。,(2),The result is arrived at in a physically more transparent way,.,结果是以更为透明方式取得。,英文摘要经典例句,4545/48,介绍深入研究必要性语句,惯用词语,：desirable,expect,important,necessary,necessity,need,require等,(1)The development of tools to support the engineer is desirable during establishing such a simulation model.,工程师在建立这一仿真模型时，开发一些工具是必要。,英文摘要经典例句,46,46/48,介绍深入研究必要性语句,(2)There is no necessity for the experimental results to be check again.,没有再校对试验结果必要了。,(3)This technical specification needs to be explained soon.,这条技术规范需要尽快解释。,英文摘要经典例句,47,47/48,谢 谢！,48,48/48,