托福基础语法课件市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2012-1-20,#,语法常见错误,7,宗罪,第1页,第一宗罪：,Employee can get more benefits from telecommuting than employer.,名词,employee,和,employer,被“裸体”使用了。,更正：,the employee;the employer,employees;employers,第2页,第二宗罪：,（,1,）,Work at home,，,using modern technology,，,can greatly enhance our efficiency.,简单句里谓语动词多于一个。,work,working,（,2,）,Children who are raise in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years.,被动语态,raise raised,第3页,（,3,）,The problems that are created by environmental contamination is very hard to resolve.,主谓不一致，,problems is,is,are,（,4,）,Many students are like studying home economics.,两个动词,去掉,are,第4页,（,5,）,In present-day society,cultures were becoming very similar.,前后时态矛盾！,were,are,第5页,第三宗罪,Intelligent students should not be treated different by their teachers.,修饰动词,treat,应该用副词,different,differently,第6页,第四宗罪,（,1,）,Countries should pay attention on the disadvantages that globalization may create.,介词搭配错误,pay attention to,reason for&solution to,第7页,（,2,）,The Internet has instead of teachers in many classrooms.,instead of,不是动词，而是介词短语。,replace,或者,supplant,instead of,replaced or supplanted,第8页,第五宗罪,Some parents do not obey traffic rules himself.,代词指代复数名词错误,himself,themselves,第9页,第六宗罪,Some people think the Internet only has positive impact,other people think it also has negative influence on our lives.,缺乏连词或者句号（分号）,while,第10页,第七宗罪,There are a great many children think the main purpose of education should be to afford them pleasure and enjoyment.,There be,句型后面名词再加动词时,不要,用动词原形！,think,thinking,第11页,练习,1.Conflicts may arise between tourist and local resident.,可数名词裸体了！,第12页,2.Grow up in a poor family makes some children feel they are not as capable as other children.,动词不能作主语！,第13页,3.Some events are not report by the media in a dependable way.,被动语态,be+v-ed!,第14页,4.The governments of all countries on this planet is beginning to realize the severity of water shortage.,主谓一致性！,第15页,5.In general,computers help students learn things more effectively,computer games may lower their efficiency.,缺乏连接词！,第16页,6.There are numerous countries in the world suffer from poverty.,There be,句型！,第17页,7.Fast food is insteading of traditional Chinese food in many Chinese cities.,instead of,不能用作动词！,第18页,插入语,第19页,在一个句子中间插入一个成份,它不作句子何种成份,也不和句子何种成份发生结构关系,同时既不起连接作用,这个,成份称之插入语。,第20页,插入语结构,To casual observers,as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners,the luxuriant forests of Amazonia seem ageless.,第21页,插入语结构,Over 120 years ago,the English botanist J.D.Hooker,writing of Australian eatable plants,suggested that many of them were eatable but not worth eating.,第22页,插入语结构,In relationships of mutual dependence,such as between labour and management or within an organization of a family,the question of who is more powerful turns on who is less dependent on the other.,第23页,插入语结构,副词插入语,This will affect the job market,which,after all,is a key target in any economic plan.,第24页,介词短语作插入语,Sports stars and pop stars,for example,are soon replaced by the next younger,more energetic generation.,第25页,不定式短语作插入结构,To tell you the truth,I havent bought anything for a year.,老实对你说,It wasnt a very good dinner,to say the least of it,.,最少能够这么说,第26页,惯用作插入语副词：,obviously,frankly,naturally,surely,nonetheless,undoubtedly,惯用作插入语形容词或短语：,strange to say,worst of all,most important of all,惯用作插入语介词短语：,in fact,for instance,惯用作插入语分词短语：,generally speaking,frankly speaking,.,惯用作插入语不定式短语：,To be sure,to sum up,to tell the truth,第27页,强调句,第28页,强调句,It is,被强调部分,that,（,who,）原句其它部分,注意：谓语不能强调,第29页,It is in market economy that the price of different commodities and services are always changing.,第30页,It,is,protein,that,spiders can make in an environmentally friendly way similar to the way mammals make milk.,Spiders can make protein,in an environmentally friendly way similar to the way mammals make milk.,第31页,倒装句,第32页,倒装句,倒装：谓语,动词,全部或者部分放到了主语前面，这么句子被称为,倒装句,完全倒装,部分倒装,第33页,完全倒装,The bus comes here.,Here,comes the bus,.,A beautiful girl sits in front of me.,In front of me,sits a beautiful girl,.,第34页,部分倒装,第二种倒装,：,部分倒装,主语和助动词位置颠倒，而动词依然放在主语后面,第35页,部分倒装,In no way,should we,lie to our parents.,Only in this way,can we,learn English well.,第36页词,第37页,碰到,不会写单词怎么办？,（,1,）上位,概念,用,一个稍微简单，不过含有概括效果,词汇,（,2,）同义,替换,稍,作解释，让阅卷人能懂即,可,第38页,Q 1,：,孙老师,很变态。“变态”怎样翻译,？,-BT,-,与正常人不一样,be,different,from normal,people,第39页,Q2,：,“宫爆鸡丁”,怎样翻译,？,-a,chicken in the court,-a,dish which is made of chicken and peanuts,第40页,Q3,：,一帮,人拿着铁锹、锄头植树去了。“铁锹、锄头”怎么翻译,？,-tools,-thetools which are used to plant trees,第41页,Q4,：,“老百姓”,怎样,翻译？,-,old,hundred,sex,-the,general,public,；,ordinary people,第42页,Q 5,：,“,帕金森综合征”怎样翻译,-,a,serious disease,第43页,Q6,：,“鲜花怒放”,怎样,翻译,-Flowers,angrily,open,-,“鲜花完全盛开”,-,Flowers are in full bloom.,第44页,Q7,：,“孝敬”,老人怎样,翻译,-,Filial,-,尊重,和照料,老人,-,respect,and take good care,of,第45页,Q8,：,“胸有成竹”,怎样,翻译,-,have,bamboos in ones,chest,-,有信心,-be,confident,第46页,总之，碰到,不会翻译概念有,2,种方法,：,（,1,）上位概念 （,2,）同义替换,第47页,句,第48页,（,1,）长,句优先,标准,（,2,）句型,多变,标准,第49页,长,句优先,标准,（,1,）,定语,从句,任何,一个名词后面都能够加上一个定语从句对之进行,解释,（,2,）并列,结构,排山倒海,and,前后加上 意思相近 结构相同 短语 或者单词,（,3,）套话凑数,4,大套话，能够用于任何一句话,前面,第50页,定语从句,第51页,例,1,：,Honest,merchants will suffer a great destruction,.,-,本,句讲假冒伪劣商品,危害,第一步,：,找,名词：,merchant destruction,第二步,：,加,定从：,第52页,Honest,merchants,，,who observe rules and regulations and produce high-quality,goods,，,will suffer a great destruction,which is detrimental to their production.,第53页,例,2,：,Factories have discharged gas and,liquid.,第一步,：,找,名词：,factories gas and,liquid,第二步,：,加,定从：,第54页,Factories,which,bring their owners huge profits,have,discharged gas and liquid,that may exert a seriously negative influence on the surrounding environment.,第55页,并列,结构,排山倒海,and,前后加上 意思相近 结构相同 短语 或者单词,第56页,例,1,：取得成功,：,achieve great success,achieve,great success and,realize ones potential,achieve,great success and,attain ones goals,achieve great success and,overcome several difficulties/hurdles,第57页,例,2,：,“,放松身心,”,relax ones bodies and,ease ones mind,第58页,例,3,：,“,开拓,视野”,broaden,ones horizons,broaden ones horizons and enrich ones mind,第59页,例,4,：促进交流”,promote,the communication,promote the communication and interaction between and,第60页,套话凑数,-4,大套话,第61页,1,，,There,is no denying the fact,that,不可否定,.,变型：,It,is an undeniable fact that,Undeniably,，,第62页,2,It,is universally acknowledged,that,全世界,都知道,.,第63页,3,There,is no doubt that,毫无疑问,.,变型,：,It,is far beyond any reasonable doubt that(,毋庸置疑,),第64页,4,It,is conceivable that,可想而知,第65页,例：,It,is conceivable that with the rapid development in society and economy,competition is becoming increasingly fierce and acute,.,第66页,句型,多变标准,第67页,1.,人称句与无人称句转换,很多人认为，在中国，控制人口数是非常必要。,birth control,Many people think birth control is quite necessary in China.,It is widely thought that,birth control is quite necessary in China.,第68页,2.,必定句是否定句转换,每个孩子都想赚些零花钱来帮助交付高额大学费用。,Every child wants to earn a little money to help cover higher college cost.,There is,hardly,a child who doesnt want to,earn a little money to help cover higher college cost.,There is,hardly a child but wants to,earn a little money to help cover higher college cost.,第69页,形式必定但意义否定结构,1.more than can,cannot,简直不，无法，难以,The beauty of the park is,more than words can,describe.,The beauty of the park cannot be described by words.,这个公园美无法形容。,第70页,2.anything but,绝对不，根本不，一点也不,He is,anything but,a scholar.,The wood bridge is,anything but,safe.,第71页,3.have yet to do,have not done yet,I,have yet to hear,the story.,I,have yet to learn,the new skill.,第72页,4.may/might as well,否定结构，“还不如”,It is still raining hard outside;we,may,as well stay,here over the night.,You,might,as well burn,the book than give them to her.,第73页,形式否定但意义必定结构,It is,no more than,a beginning.,仅仅，只是,They gave me the wrong book,and I did,not,notice it,until,I got back to my room.,直到,才,You,cannot,be,too,careful in doing the experiments.,越,越好,第74页,nothing but,只有，只不过,nothing,more than,仅仅,no sooner than,刚一,就,for nothing,徒然，无偿,not only,but also,不但,而且,not long before,很快就,no more than,仅仅，只是,no other than,只有，正是,第75页,3.,主动句与被动句转换,因为社会需要，出现了很多夜校。,There appear many evening schools because of social demands.,Many evening schools,are called,into existence by social demands.,第76页,4.,动词和名词转换,这种生活方式已经越来越流行，越来越多年轻人已经接收这种生活方式。,The style of living has,become more and more popular and accepted by,more and more young people.,The style of living has,found its growing popularity and acceptance,among young people.,第77页,人们担心传统价值正在逐步消失。,People are concerned that the traditional values are gradually disappearing.,People are concerned about,the,gradual,disappearance,of the traditional values.,第78页,5.,短句与长句转换,它给学生们带来严重压力，一些学生无法忍受这种压力。,It brings students intensive pressure.Some students cannot endure this pressure.,It brings students intensive pressure,that,some students cannot endure.,第79页,青少年因为课业负担重并在同伴勉励下去吸烟。在这种情况下，尽管以为不对，他们还是经常这么做。,青少年,teenagers,同伴,peers,课业,school work,以为不对,feel a little guilty,去吸烟,resort to smoking,第80页,Teenagers are pressured by school work and they are also encouraged by their peers.Under such circumstances,they often resort to smoking,though sometimes they feel a little guilty.,Pressured by,school work and encouraged by their peers,teenagers,often resort to smoking,though they feel a little guilty sometimes.,第81页,练习,1.,变无人称句,People in growing numbers agree that women should enjoy full equality with men.,There is growing agreements,that women should enjoy full equality with men.,第82页,练习,2.,变无人称句,Many Chinese people have gone to the United States in the past 15 years.,The past 15 years have brought,many Chinese people to the United States.,第83页,练习,3.,变无人称句,We almost forget this event.,This event is almost forgotten by us.,This event is now almost,fading,from,our memory.,第84页,练习,4.,变无人称句,We easily drew the conclusion through the investigation.,The investigation can easily lead to the conclusion.,第85页,练习,5.,变被动语态,We are making great efforts to improve our English.,Great efforts are being made to improve our English.,We may think more of the elderly who live apart from their children.,More thought may be given to the elderly who live apart from their children.,第86页,练习,6.,换用名词,If we are watching too much TV,our reading ability will be seriously affected.,Heavy exposure to TV will exert a negative effect on our reading ability.,第87页,练习,7.,换用名词,If we dont recognize the serious problem of growing population,we will make a big mistake.,Failure to recognize the seriousness of growing population will lead to a big mistake.,第88页,练习,8.,变双重否定句,Whenever you pick up a newspaper,you will always find advertisements.,It is impossible to pick up,a newspaper without finding advertisements.,第89页,练习,9.,变长句,A student has studied English for a few years.,He may have a vocabulary of thousands of words.,A student,who has studied English for a few years,may have a vocabulary of thousands of words.,第90页,练习,10.,变长句,He bought a jeep.,His friend advised him against it.,(in spite of),He bought a jeep,in spite of his friends advising,him against it.,第91页,练习,11.,变长句,The politician is concerned with successful elections.,The statesman is interested in the future of his people.,The politician is concerned with successful elections,whereas,the statesman is interested in the future of his people.,第92页,练习,11.,变长句,He chose to study computer science.Computer science has good employment prospects.,He chose to study computer science,because of,its good employment prospects.,第93页,练习,12.,变长句,He is not coming.The meeting will be put off till next week.,in the event of,万一，倘若,In the event of his not coming,the meeting will be put off till next week.,第94页,你能写出来吗？,作文素材,第95页,让孩子接触过多暴力与色情对他们成长有害。,excessive pornography,be/bad/harmful/,detrimental,to,Exposing,young children to excessive violence and pornography would be detrimental to their development.,第96页,照料宠物有利于培养小孩交际能力。,social skills,Taking care of,a pet can help children develop social skills.,contribute to/be,conducive,to,Taking care of a pet can contribute to/be conducive to the development of Childrens social skills.,第97页,我们政府主要任务是致力于消除贫困、疾病和文盲。,eliminate,illiteracy,The main task of our government is,eliminating,poverty,disease and illiteracy.,第98页,怎样处理严重交通问题对于政府而言是个棘手问题。,a thorny issue,How to solve,the heavy traffic problem is a thorny issue,第99页,发达国家和发展中国家政府必须采取更环境保护政策。,essential/imperative,adopt,environmentally friendly policiesIt is imperative for governments of developed and developing nations,to,adopt,more environmentally friendly policies.,第100页,一份适当业余工作并不会占用学生太多时间。实际上，把全部时间都用到学习上并不健康。,A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time.,In fact,it is unhealthy for them,to,spend,all of time on their study.,第101页,学生唯一任务是取得未来工作所需知识和技能。,only,，,sole,acquire,，,get,，,gain,，,obtain,The sole task of students is,to acquire,the knowledge and skills,，,which,，,apparently,，,are,essential to their future career.,第102页,互联网是传输信息经济路径。,economical,convey,The Internet is an economical way,to convey information,.,第103页,现在，伴随电脑广泛使用，许多成年人感到学习电脑技能迫切需要。,application,pressing need,Nowadays,with the wide applications of computers,many adults feel the pressing need,to acquire,computer skills.,第104页,必须采取适当办法限制外国旅游者数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业不利影响。,Proper measures must be taken,to limit,the number of foreign tourists,and,great efforts should be made,to protect,local environment and history,from,the harmful,effects,of international tourism.,第105页,互联网出现使人们愈加轻易接触到全世界各种各样信息。,advent,enable somebody to do,have access to,The advent of the Internet enables people,to have,easier access to all sorts of information worldwide.,第106页,日益恶化环境已经引发人们广泛关注。,deteriorate/worsen,arouse wide concern,The,deteriorating,environment has aroused peoples wide concern.,第107页,青少年不停恶化健康情况引发公众关注。,deteriorate/worsen,be brought into public focus,The,worsening,health condition of youths has been brought into public focus.,第108页,假如不重视自然资源保护，它将很快被耗尽。,conservation/protection,deplete,/,exhaust,/,consume,Our natural energy will soon,be depleted/exhausted,if we pay no attention to the conservation of it.,第109页,因为受到网络上过多色情与暴力影响，有些青少年误入歧途。,go astray,Deeply influenced,by,excessive,pornography and violence on the Internet,some teenagers go astray.,第110页,父母教诲假如坚定、理性、一直如一，孩子就有可能充满自信。,f,irm,rational,consistent,be likely to do/be inclined to,Children with,parents,whose,guidance is firm,，,rational and,consistent,are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.,第111页,电视，这项以快速改变和成长为标志最普及和最有影响力当代技术，正在步入一个新时代，一个极为成熟和多样化时代，这将重塑我们生活和世界。,第112页,Television,，,the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies,，,marked by rapid change and growth,，,is moving into a new era,，,an,era,of extraordinary sophistication and,versatility,，,which promises to reshape our lives and our world,.,第113页,人们普遍认为计算机和其它机器已经成为社会必不可少一部分。,indispensable,It is widely acknowledged,that,computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society.,第114页,越来越多教授认为农民工对城市建设起到主动作用，然而，越来越多城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们埋怨农民工给城市带来了许多严重问题，比如犯罪。,An increasing number of experts,Experts in growing/increasing numbers,immigrant laborers,Dweller Resident,Inhabitant Occupant,第115页,An incre