Book-2Unit-5-love-is-a-fallacy市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 5,Love is a Fallacy,1/43,What is love?,Love is the salt of life,(生活必需品),.,Love is sweet torment,(甜蜜折磨),.,Love is a great teacher.,Love is a transitive verb,(及物动词),.,Love is a romantic poem,(浪漫诗).,Love is a beautiful dream.,Love is a sugar-coated drug糖衣药品),.,Love is permanent expectation,(永久期待),.,Love is giving without thought of taking.,(不考虑索取付出),2/43,What is love?,Love is the touchstone of virtues,(美德试金石),.,Love is a mixture of happiness and sadness,(悲与喜融合),.,Love is tacit agreement and noisy disagreement,(默契加喧华),.,Love is an attempt to change dreamland into reality,(把梦境化为现实努力),.,Love is a canvas furnished by nature and embroidered by imagination,(本性画布上想象绣图),.,3/43,What is love?,Love is loyalty and understanding,（忠诚与了解）.,Love is a union of beauty and truth,(美与真结合）.,Love is great fondness mingled with hatred,（夹杂着一点恨喜爱）.,Love is magical power coming from within,（发自内心神奇力量）.,Love is the sweetest joy and the saddest sorrow.,Love is a conflict between reflexes and reflections,（本能与理性冲突）.,4/43,What is love?,Love is the conquest of reason by feeling,（感情对理智征服）.,Love is a dark cave with sunlight at its end,.,Love is extremely selfish and utterly selfless,（极其自私而又绝对无私）.,Love is a beautiful melody made from an elegant poem,（为高雅诗句所谱写优美旋律）.,Love is a God-given privilege and a self-laid obligation,（上帝赐予特权及自我约束义务）.,Love is the closing of the eyes and the opening of the heart,（紧闭双目和开启心灵）.,5/43,What is love?,Love is the child of illusion and the parent of disillusion,（幼稚幻想和成熟幻灭）.,Love is life in its fullness like the cup with wine to its brim.,（充实人生，如同斟满酒杯）,Love is the depression of separation and delight of reunion,（分别沮丧和重逢喜悦）,.,Love is the pursuit of delight in the process of agony,（追求喜悦痛苦历程）.,Love is not two people gazing into each others eyes,but two people looking outward in the same direction,（不是两个人凝目对视，而是两个人同向远眺）.,6/43,Test your memory:Reading Aloud and Reciting,Quotations,from Celebrities,On Love,7/43,Quotations from Celebrities,人生是花朵，爱情则是花蜜。雨果,Life is a flower of which love is the honey.Victor Hugo,情谊可能而且经常发展成爱情，但爱情却永远不会退化为情谊。拜伦,Friendship may,and often does,grow into love,but love never subsides into friendship.George Byron,8/43,Quotations from Celebrities,年轻人在生活中常犯大错误；其中之一是他们把爱情过于理想化了。乔伊特,Young men make great mistakes in life;for one thing,they idealize love too much.Benjamin Jowett,追求到爱情是美好，但自然而然取得爱情则更美好。莎士比亚,Love sought is good,but love given unsought is better.William Shakespeare,9/43,10/43,Quotations from Celebrities,爱情是美德试金石。英国谚语,Love is the touchstone of virtue.English Proverb,爱情不是索取，而是给予；不是想入非非美梦，也不是疯狂欲望，哦，爱情不是这么，爱情是善良、荣耀、祥和，是纯美生活。范戴克,Love is not getting,but giving;not a wild dream of pleasure,and a madness of desire oh,no,love is not that it is goodness,and honor,and peace and pure living.Henry van Dyke,11/43,Fallacy:a false or mistaken idea,It is a fallacy to suppose that riches always bring happiness.,Love is a fallacy:,1.There is a deceptive or delusive quality about love.,2.Love is an error,a deception that does not fellow the principle of love,12/43,About the Author:Max Shulman,a writer in the early 40s as one of Americas best-known humorists.Lots of his novels were adapted to the screen.,Best remembered for creating the popular character Dobie Gillis,a typical American teen who frequently suffered from romantic angst(anxiety and unhappiness).The character appeared on a popular television sitcom during the 50s and was in a feature film in 1953.,13/43,Enterprising:,energetic,initiative,In a month of Sundays,:in a long time,Unfetter,:free from fetter,to set free or keep free from restrictions or bonds.,Limp,:drooping,having lost stiffness,rigidity,Flaccid,:Lacking firmness and resilience,flabby,spongy,:soft and porous *,14/43,Pedantic:,Characterized by a narrow,often ostentatious concern for book learning and formal rules,迂腐，乏味,a pedantic attention to details.,学究式地注意细枝末节,a,pedantic,style of writing;,学究式写作格调；,an,academic,insistence on precision;,一个学院式苛求精神；,donnish,refinement of speech;,学究式雅语；,scholastic,and excessively subtle reasoning.,学究式且过于机巧推理 *,15/43,Trauma,:A painful emotional experience,wound or shock that creates substantial,lasting damage to the psychological development of a person,often leading to neurosis.精神创伤,Perspicacious,:acutely perceptive,having or showing penetrating mental discernment;clear-sighted,Acute and astute,:Having or showing shrewdness and discernment,especially with respect to ones own concerns.*,16/43,Dynamo:,generator,Scale:standard in measurement,Scalpel:,A small,straight knife with a thin,sharp blade used in surgery and dissection.,Impressionable:,Readily or easily influenced;suggestible,Faddist:,a person who always follows fashion with craze,To be swept up,:be carried away失去自制力,Acme,:summit,the highest point,as of perfection最高点，顶点,*,17/43,Appendicitis:,inflammation of the vermiform appendix,-itis:,a suffix referring to some disease involving inflammation,Meningitis脑膜炎,bronchitis,支气管炎,hepatitis,appendicitis,carditis,心脏炎,gastritis,胃炎,rhinitis,鼻炎,enteritis,肠炎,tonsillitis,扁桃体炎,(osteoporosis),骨质疏松,18/43,thickly:,声音沙哑,Not easy to hear or understand;indistinctly articulated;Producing indistinctly articulated sounds,the thick speech of a drunkard.,the thick tongues of the barbarians.,19/43,Charleston:,A fast ballroom dance in 4/4 time,popular during the 1920s.【美】查尔斯顿舞,Shed:,To lose a natural growth or covering by natural process.fall off,or drop out,All the leaves of my trees will,shed,in winter.,I want to purchase the carpet that does not,shed,.,unsightly:,unpleasant or offensive to look at;unattractive.,syn:homely,plain,ugly,unattractive,20/43,-,in the swim:,顺应时尚,conforming to the current fashion,covet,垂涎,:,to feel blameworthy desire for sth which is anothers,want ardently,long for with envy,proportions:,shape of the body身材百分比,Pin-up,钉在墙上裸女画,proportions:,a girl whose sexual appealness makes her picture pinned up on walls,the,makings of:,the abilities or qualities needed for development:（发展成某事物）一切素质；必要条件,He has the makings of a fine teacher.,21/43,1.,Dicto Simpliciter绝对判断,Car is fast.Therefore every time we hang out,we should drive car.,Dog is a pet.Everyone likes it.,Post education is beneficial,so everyone should at least get a bachelor degree.,Japanese waged a war to Chinese,which had nothing to do with humanity but everything to do with aggression.Therefore every Japanese is guilty and should be condemned.,22/43,2.Hasty Generalization草率推论,A sports program is interesting.An entertainment program is interesting.A TV series is interesting.Therefore every TV program is interesting.,Tom is a prime第一流，最好 student.Jane is a prime student.Jack is a prime student.All the students therefore in this class are prime students.,I havent seen a UFO;Jason hasnt either;Ms Yan hasnt probably;so no UFO at all.,23/43,3.Post Hoc 牵强附会,Dont sing this song.Every time you sing this song,the baby gets sick.,I never drink purified water,each time I do Ill get diarrhea腹泻.,He is very wealthy,so he must be healthy.,His eyes are very big,so he must have good eyesight.,24/43,4.Contradictory Premises矛盾前提,1.This is the mightiest sword which is able to shatter any shield,and that is the most indestructible shield which is capable of enduring any stroke.,2.I think he is the invincible man in the world,and nothing is powerful enough to defeat him.But,of course,he has certain drawbacks that might cause him lose.,25/43,5.Ad Misericordiam 文不对题,1.“He was late to the class today.”“Because he was scolded by his mother yesterday.”,2.Maybe he isnt qualified enough for this job,but think about his relationships,his uncle is the mayor,and his father is the chairman of the company which has steady business relations with us.,3.“Have you had lunch?”“I got up late this morning,and unfortunately I fell down from my bike when riding to school.”,26/43,6.False Analogy 错误类比,1.Since we have moon cakes in the Moon Festival,why dont we have spring cakes in the Spring Festival?,27/43,7.Hypothesis Contrary to Fact与事实相反假设,1.If the gunpowder hadnt been invented,there wouldnt have been so many wars in the world.,2.How could you have passed the exam if I hadnt told you the answer in advance?,28/43,8.Poisoning the Well井下放毒,1.Dont listen to any word from him,for he is most shamefully cheating around the world.,The defendant被告 killed the victim cruelly,I suggest Lord sentence him guilty.,29/43,1.,Dicto Simpliciter,2.Hasty Generalization,3.Post Hoc,4.Contradictory Premises,5.Ad Misericordiam,6.False Analogy,7.Hypothesis Contrary to Fact,8.Poisoning the Well,30/43,Exercise,1),People all over the world are peace-loving.,(Dicto Simpliciter),2),His parents love him.His Miss Right loves him,too.So,everybody he knows loves him.,(Hasty Generalization),3)Dont eat eggs before an exam.I am flunked every time when I take an exam after eating an egg.,(Post Hoc.),4)He decided to give up all his decisions.,(Contradictory Premises),31/43,5)When the interviewer asks the job-hunter to make a brief self-introduction,he replies that he has to find a job to afford his old parents and young children who are now suffering from hunger.,(Ad Misericordiam),6),We can take books and food in the train,then shouldnt we take a bomb with us in the train?,(False Analogy),7)If TV were not invented,today people would never have such wonderful entertainment.,(Hypothesis Contrary to Fact),32/43,8),When the new teacher asked Peter to answer the question,Tom rose to his feet and said:“Peter is a dunce傻瓜,he knows nothing about what you are talking about.”,(Poisoning the Well),9),All students in this university can speak English well.,(Dicto Simpliciter),I will not go to the library any more,because every time I go there,it rains.,(Post Hoc.),33/43,无关转移(Red Herring)比如：Many people say we need to exploit the outer space,a point which I believe is wrong,because there are so many poor people on Earth who hardly make ends meet.点评：有一个问题没处理并不代表着另一个问题不值得处理。,34/43,从众错误(Bandwagon)比如：Everyone says it is justified to learn a second language so we must learn one.点评：人人都说，或者大多数都说，这并不意味着该观点正确。,35/43,滑坡谬误(Slippery slope)比如：If we dont care about the environment,the world will die in 50 years.点评：从环境问题到世界灭亡，中间有没有数步骤未提供论证。,36/43,井下放毒：我论敌是一个劣迹昭彰骗子，他所说每一句话都不可信不等他人喝到井水，就在井下放了毒了，不等对手开口就已经伤害了他。,非充分非必要：你说吸烟能造成肺癌，张三从来不吸烟，却得了此病；李四天天两包烟，现在已85岁了，还活得好好。,37/43,悖论：(paradox),由它真能够推出它假而且由它假能够推出它真句子。,38/43,鳄鱼悖论。一条鳄鱼从一位母亲手中抢走了一个小孩，鳄鱼问：“我会不会吃掉你孩子？答对了，我会还给你，答错了，我就吃了孩子。”母亲说：“你会吃掉我孩子。”,39/43,剪发师悖论。（著名逻辑学家罗素）萨维尔村有个剪发师，他制订了一条店规：他只给村子里自己不刮胡子人刮胡子。一天有个聪明用户说：“按照这个店规，你给不给自己刮胡子？”,40/43,The Pygmalion,Cyprus,Artist,Sculptor,41/43,The Pygmalion effect,The Pygmalion effect,or Rosenthal effect,refers to which students perform better than other students simply because they are expected to do so.The effect is named after George Bernard Shawsplay,Pygmalion,in which a professor makes a bet that he can teach a poorflower girlto speak and act like an upper-class lady,and is successful.,42/43,The Pygmalion effect,The Pygmalion effect requires a student to internalize the expectations of their superiors.It is a form of self-fulfillingprophecy,and in this respect,students with poor expectations internalize their negative label,and those with positive labels succeed accordingly.Within sociology,the effect is often cited with regards to education and social class.,43/43,