7-8句子翻译市公开课特等奖市赛课微课一等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,句子翻译,1.英汉句子结构与特点,2.长句翻译,3.被动语态翻译,4.名词性从句翻译,5.倒装句、否定句翻译,第1页,英汉句子结构,英语句子结构(三分-SVO),SVP-主系表,SV-主谓,SVO-主谓宾,SVoO-主谓直宾间宾,SVOC-主谓宾宾补,英语是词位句法/语法句法，重主语。,段落：主题句、扩展句、结尾句,文章：引言、中间、结尾,主谓一致、人称一致,动词三性：时态、语气语态,第2页,2.汉语句子结构(二分),阴阳对立,话题和说明,“夫人之立言,因字而生句,积句而成章,积章而成篇。”-章句说(南朝),“凡文语绝处谓之句,语末绝而点之方便诵咏,谓之读。”-句读说（唐代）,汉语是义位句法/语义句法，重话题,两个部分：话题和说明,第3页,英汉互译技巧（三分与二分处理）：,The strong walls of the castle served as a good defense against the attackers.,That dirty old house is an offense to everyone who lives in the street.,Her efforts gained her a reputation.,His skills qualify him for the job.,It is difficult to quantify the value of a good education.,Youre lucky to enough to have a united family.,第4页,我从乡下跑到城里，一转眼已经六年了。,以前事姑且搁起，这一大把铜元又是什么意思呢？,这事到了现在，还是时时记起。,巡警走近我说：“你自己雇车吧，他不能拉你了。”,这是民国六年冬天，大风刮得正猛，我因生计关系，不得不一早在路上走。,第5页,长句翻译,翻译长句时，首先必须找出语法主干，然后理清各种修饰成份之间逻辑关系，真正搞懂长句结构和要表示信息。,一、拆离法,拆离法是指，把英语长句各种复杂成份，在必要时从主干上拆离出来，译成外形上独立但却与原搭配搭档保持着“藕断丝连”关系语言单位。,第6页,The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat,which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.,译文：在一次记者招待会上，问题集中于头一天选举结果，总统就此发了言。他说他不能够解释为何共和党遭到了这么大失败。这种情况会使共和党失去在众议院中长久享受优势。,第7页,二，改变次序法,英语普通是先说个人感受，后面叙述事由或背景；在时间次序上先说最近发生事，尔后再说过去发生事。汉语叙述次序则相反。另外，英语有些句型与汉语次序也不一样。所以英译汉时，碰到这么情况都应改变次序。有能够借助于汉语外位成份表示来处理次序倒置。在汉语中，用于句外或句中一个或几个词语指同一事物成份，叫做,外位成份,。,例：用不一样方法去处理不一样矛盾，这是马克思列宁主义者必须严格恪守一个标准。（在这句话里，“用不一样方法去处理不一样矛盾”，就是外位成份，“这”是复指代词。）,第8页,1.It is good to theorize,that is to say,to analyze the problems confronting us as a nation and elaborate an ideal solution for each of them.,把我们作为一个民族所面临问题提到理论上来加以分析并为每个问题制订一个理想方案，这是正确。,2.It is extraordinary that in all the years the British spent in Egypt they never got to know the real people of Egypt.,英国人在埃及消磨这么长久岁月，而对真正埃及人民却一无所知，这是颇不寻常。,第9页,3.I am struck by the passionate dedication and devotion to country by all classes of people,from the leadership down to all the citizens.,这里各阶层人民，从领导到老百姓，都热情地忠于祖国，这使我印象很深。,4.Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.,许多人经常宁愿牺牲比较高工资以换取成为白领工人社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。,第10页,三、插入法,插入法就是利用破折号或括号把难以处理句子成份插入到译句中。,There is in fact a strong likelihood that the Administration will preside over a$100-billion-plus budget deficit in the current fiscal year,putting its promise to balance the budget by fiscal 1983which begins in only twenty monthsfirmly out of reach.,（美国）政府将要在本财政年度应付1000亿美元预算赤字，这么就使其承诺-平衡1983年财政年度（再过20个月才开始年度）预算-根本无法实现。这是极有可能事。,第11页,四、重组法,It has been more than a year since Alfred Jackson,a 38-year-old Brooklyn plumber,was shot and killed by a neighbor because Mr.Jackson wanted to park in the sport where the man was walking his dog.,阿尔弗莱德杰克逊，38岁，原先是布鲁克林一个水暖工人。因为他想在邻居遛狗地方停放汽车，竟被这个邻居开枪打死。这件事发生已经有一年多了。,第12页,名词性从句翻译,Whathowwhether等引导名词性从句往往表示是一个详细概念，翻译时采取概略法，使从句内容明确化。（即概括或引申）What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.,过去认为不可能事现已变成了现实。,2.Thats where we differ.,这是我们分歧所在。,第13页,3.You are posted in what had preceded all this,but I was not.,你现在已经明白了这件事全部原委，但我当初却全然不知。,4.It is not a question,how much,a man knows,but,what,use he can make of,what,he know;not a question of,what,he has acquired,and,how,he has been trained,but of,what,he is,and,what,he can do.,问题不在于一个人知道多少，而在他能否利用他知识；问题不在于他学是什么，受怎样教育，而在于,他人品,以及,他能力。,第14页,5.He has made what I am./He is not what used to be.,我之有今日都是他给。/他已不是过去他了。,6.If you learn to read the signs,you can tell whether what a person says is what he really means,or whether,liked the man whose stomach does not move when he laughs,he is trying to deceive you.,第15页,(A)假如你学会了解这些姿势，你就会分辨出一个人说是否口是心非，是否像那种“笑里藏刀”人试图蒙蔽你。,(B)假如你学会了解这些姿势，你就分辨出一个人说是否是他真正意思，或者他是否像那种“笑里藏刀”人在试图蒙蔽你。,(C)假如你学会了解这些姿势，你就能分辨出一个人所说话是否是他真正要表示东西，是否是那种“笑里藏刀”人试图蒙蔽你。,第16页,被动语态翻译,语态转换(conversion of voice),英、汉语都有语态转换。语态转换，首先是主位（已知信息）和述位（未知信息）、话题和说明或评述转换：,She,refused the offer.,The offer,was refused(by,her),.,第17页,语用修辞不一样：,英语被动语态用得多（科技文章、报刊文章：客观、委婉、谦虚）；汉语被动语态用得比较少，对说话人不希望出现事物，惯用被动语态来表示。,Children should be taught t o speak the truth.,应该教诲儿童讲老实话。,Much is left to be desired.,有许多需要改进地方。,（,译为无主句）,第18页,Very often,introductions are made using both first name and last name.,介绍时候，往往是连名带姓。,（译成主动句）,Heat can be converted to energy and energy can be converted to heat.,热能够被转换成能量；能量也能够被转换成热。,(译成被动句）,第19页,As to the precise value of this initial fund of knowledge,this depends to a great degree on how it has been acquired and on who has been imparting it.,比较：,(A)至于这种最初积累起来知识有多大确切价值，这在很大程度上取决于它是怎样得到，取决于是谁在传授它。,(B)至于这种最初积累起来知识有什么确切价值，这在很大程度上取决于它是怎么取得和什么人一直在传授。,(C)至于这种最初积累起来知识有多少确切价值，这在很大程度上取决于取得知识方法和传授知识人,第20页,倒装句翻译,英语有语法倒装与修辞倒装，选择恰当语言形式，表示原文倒装目标,翻译是注意功效对等。,1.信息拥有不再是仅限于享受特权少数派手里。,No longer is the possession of information confined to a privileged minority.,2.尽管他是个孩子，他能了解谚语“坚持就是胜利”意思。,Child as he is,he can make sense of the meaning of the proverb Success belongs to persevering.,第21页,3.我不但尊敬他人还尊敬他精神。,Not only do I respect him,but also I respect his spirit.,4.只有付出你才能拥有更多Only by giving are you able to receive more than you already have.,4.I had a terrible time playing roulette at the casino.Not a winning number did I have all night.,5.Bang!bang!bang!Came three reports of firecrackers and Philip suddenly felt his body become light.,第22页,否定句翻译,英语中否定有各种形式:部分否定、全部否定、双重否定、意义否定、半否定等；同时，否定有各种改变：否定各种转移、形式否定但意义必定等。,部分否定、半否定,全部否定,双重否定,巧妇难做无米之炊。,I worked and worked,and I didnt know how much I had not done.,第23页,否定转移,They cant believe I really need their help.,I can find no reason for being lazy in work.,形式否定,She is no more than a puppet.(She is more mother than wife.),He is no less tall than his father.,I did/desired nothing but to go home,第24页,