中考英语--语法专题研究-专题13-简单句市赛课公开课一等奖省名师优质课获奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第二部分 语法专题研究,专题十三 简单句,必考：每卷25道，37分，单项选择、完形、完成句子）,第1页,命题点1 五大基本句型,命题点2 陈说句,命题点5 祈使句,命题点6 感叹句,命题点3 疑问句,命题点4 There be句型和主谓一致,第2页,满分突破,五大基本句型组成,句型一：主语系动词表语,举例：The bike is new.,主语 系动词 表语,命题点1 五大基本句型,(必考：每卷25道，37分，单项选择、完形、完成句子),第3页,句型三,：,主语及物动词+宾语,举例,：Children often sing this song.,主语 及物动词 宾语,句型二：主语不及物动词,举例：It rains.,主语 不及物动词,第4页,句型四：主语及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,举例,：,She showed her friends all her pictures.,主语 及物动词 间接宾语 直接宾语,第5页,句型五,：,主语及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语,举例,：,We keep our classroom clean and tidy.,主语 及物动词 宾语 宾语补足语,第6页,中考试练,【重庆7年真题(,)】,1.(A卷75题)Li Lin listens to English on,the radio every day.(改为否定句),Li Lin_ _ to English on,the radio every day.,doesnt,listen,命题点2 陈说句,(仅年未考，每卷1道，2分，完成句子),第7页,2.(B卷75题)She will go climbing with,me next week.(改为否定句),She _ _ go climbing with,me next week.,3.(A卷75题)Mark is watching TV,now.(改为否定句),Mark _ _ TV now.,will,not,isnt,watching,第8页,4.(A卷69题)Cao Hua swims fastest in,our group.(改为否定句),Cao Hua _ _ fastest in,our group.,5.(B卷69题)Sandra enjoys her stay in,the city.(改为否定句),Sandra _ _ her stay in the,city.,doesnt,swim,doesnt,enjoy,第9页,6.(A卷69题)The students of Class Three,have cleaned their classroom.(改为否定句),The students of Class Three _,_ their classroom.,7.(B卷69题)Well have a meeting next,Monday.(改为否定句),We _ _ a meeting next,Monday.,havent,cleaned,wont,have,第10页,8.(年69题)Chen Ping received an email,last Friday.(改为否定句),Chen Ping _ _ an email last,Friday.,9.(年66题)My classmates are going to,skate in the afternoon.(改为否定句),My classmates _ _ to skate,in the afternoon.,didnt,receive,arent,going,第11页,【创新猜押】,10.I am interested in collecting stamps.(,改为,否定句,),I _ _ interested in collecting,stamps.,11.Ben has finished the project on reusing,natural resources.(,改为否定句,),Ben _ _ the project on,reusing natural resources.,am,not,hasnt,finished,第12页,12.She will travel all over the world.(改为,否定句),She _ _ all over the world.,13.Lucy sent me a birthday card last night.,(改为否定句),Lucy _ _ me a birthday,card last night.,wont,travel,didnt,send,第13页,14.The students are preparing for the,English test now.(改为否定句),The students _ _ for the,English test now.,arent,preparing,第14页,【满分突破】,陈说句分为必定句和否定句。分析重庆近9年中考真题可知，重庆中考在完成句子中每年每卷都会考查1道将必定句改为否定句题(除)，且均和时态结合考查。考生在做这类试题时，能够参考以下技巧：,1.假如谓语中有情态动词(can,may,should等)、助动词(will,have,do等)或be动词，直接在它们后面加not组成否定句。假如谓语中没有这些词，则需考虑以下形式：,第15页,(1)若谓语动词是动词原形，则在其前加上dont。如：,I get up at six oclock every day.I dont get up at six oclock every day.,(2)若谓语动词是单三形式，则在其前加上does not/doesnt，原来动词单三形式改为动词原形。如：,Mr.Wang works in a factory.Mr.Wang does not/doesnt work in a factory.,第16页,(3)若谓语动词是过去式，则在其前加上did not/didnt，原来动词过去式改为动词原形。如：,Xia Lin visited our friends last night.Xia Lin did not/didnt visit our friends last night.2.含有had better必定句改为否定句时，在had better后直接加not。如：,Youd better stay at home.Youd better not stay at home.,第17页,3.祈使句改为否定句时直接在动词原形前加Dont。Lets开头祈使句在Lets后面加not。如：,Look out of the window.Dont look out,of the window.,Lets play soccer.Lets not play soccer.,第18页,中考试练,【重庆7年真题(,)】,15.(A卷29题)_ did you work,out the problem in such a short time?,With Mr.Lis help.,A.When B.Where C.How D.Which,C,命题点3 疑问句,(仅 B卷未考，每卷14道，26分，单项选择、完成句子),第19页,16.(A卷23题)_ does your,cousin usually go to work on foot?,He says its good for his health.,A.Where B.When C.Why D.How,17.(年27题)_ did you visit the,Science Museum?,Three months ago.,A.When B.Where C.What D.Which,C,A,第20页,18.(A卷76题)Dave was making a model,plane,in the classroom,at that time.(对划,线部分提问),_ _ Dave making a model,plane at that time?,19.(B卷76题)The girl,bought lots of clothes,on the day of Double 11 last year.(对划线部,分提问),_ _ the girl do on the day,of Double 11 last year?,Where,was,What,did,第21页,20.(A卷76题)The English dictionary is,25 dollars,(对划线部分提问),_ _ is the English,dictionary?,21.(B卷76题)My little sister has read,that exciting story,(对划线部分提问),_ _ your little sister,read?,How,much,What,has,第22页,22.(A卷70题)They went to Yunnan,last,summer,(对划线部分提问),_ _ they go to Yunnan?,23.(B卷70题)She will have her singing,lessons,next,Monday,(对划线部分提问),_ _ she have her singing,lessons?,When,did,When,will,第23页,24.(A卷70题)She often has dinner,at,half past six,in the evening.(对划线部分提问),_ _ does she often have,dinner in the evening?,25.(B卷70题)Many people get worried,because it hasnt rained for a long time,(对,划线部分提问),_ _ many people get worried?,What,time,Why,do,第24页,26.(年70题)There are,fifty,students in,our class.(对划线部分提问),_ _ students are there in,your class?,27.(年68题)Bruce has art lessons,twice a,week,.(对划线部分提问),_ _ does Bruce have art,lessons?,How,How,often,many,第25页,28年67题)The kid is playing the piano,at the school music club,.(对划线部分提问),_ is the kid _ the piano?,Where,playing,第26页,【创新猜押】,29._ are you going to do this,weekend?,I am going to have a picnic with my,friends.,A.When B.How C.Where D.What,D,第27页,30._ will the invitations be sent to,our guests?,In three days.,A.How often B.How soon,C.How long D.How far,31._ are you interested in pop,music?,Because it makes me feel excited.,A.Who B.Why,C.Where D.What,B,B,第28页,32.Have you ever seen the TV show,Waiting,for,Me?,_.I think its quite moving.,A.Yes,I have B.No,I havent,C.Yes,he has D.No,she hasnt,33.You havent cleaned your bedroom,have you?,_.Ive been busy talking with,John on the phone all the morning.,A.No,I havent B.Yes,I have,C.No,I have D.Yes,I havent,A,A,第29页,34.The supermarket is,two miles,from the hotel,(对划线部分提问),_ _ is the supermarket from,the hotel?,35.The weather is,too hot,today.(对划线部分,提问),_ _ the weather like today?,How,far,What,is,第30页,36.I think,Mr.Smith,has changed a lot since,three years ago.(对划线部分提问),_ _ you think has changed a,lot since three years ago?,The little boys played football,on the,playground,yesterday morning.(对划线部分,提问),_ _ the little boys play,football yesterday morning?,Who,do,Where,did,第31页,38.Jim is the tallest boy in his class.(改为,反意疑问句),Jim is the tallest boy in his class,_,_,？,he,isnt,第32页,满分突破,分析重庆近9年中考真题可知，重庆中考对疑问句考查包括特殊疑问句和反意疑问句(,年和年在单项选择中各考查1次，年和年各考查1次改为反意疑问句,)，普通疑问句仅考查1次(,年67题,)。单项选择中主要考查特殊疑问句疑问词辨析(,包含：,How词组,)，完成句子中主要考查,对划线,第33页,部分提问，短文填空中仅考查,1次疑问词使用方法(,年78题,)。所以考生在复习中需要掌握各类疑问句详细使用方法及句式结构。,第34页,概念,形式,用yes,no回答疑问句叫作普通疑问句,Be主语其它？,情态动词主语动词原形/过去分,词其它？,助动词主语动词原形其它？,普通疑问句,(,年67题,),第35页,疑问句,形式,例句,who,问询身份(28题),Who is the girl over there？那边女孩是谁？,She is my friend Tina.她是我朋友蒂娜。,which,问询特定人或物,Which is your favorite color？你最喜欢颜色是哪一个？,Blue.蓝色。,特殊疑问句,(,9年12卷24考,),第36页,what,问询职业、身,份、观点看法、长相(B卷76题，A卷70题),Whats her job？她工作是什么？,She is a doctor.她是一名医生。,when,问询时间(4考),When did you go to Hangzhou last month？你上个月什么时候去杭州？,On the 16th.十六号。,第37页,where,问询地点、位置(3考）,Where are you going this summer vacation？这个暑假你要去哪里？,Im going to Qingdao.我要去青岛。,why,问询原因(A卷23题，B卷70题),Why were you late for the meeting？你为何开会迟到了？,第38页,how,问询方式、情况(A卷29题，78题),How do you get to school every day？你天天怎样去学校？,By bus.乘公共汽车。,注,：,how词组,详细讲解详见本书P16,第39页,反意疑问句,(,年67题，年33题，,年68题，年26题,),概念,：附加在陈说句后简单问句，,又称附加疑问句。,第40页,形式,例句,必定陈说句附,加否定疑问句,(4考),Lucy often goes to school on foot,doesnt she?露西经常步行去上学，不是吗？,1.,“三同一反,”标准,所谓“三同一反”标准，即：人称相同、,动词相同、时态相同、前肯后否或前否后肯。,以下表：,第41页,否定陈说句附,加必定疑问句,You havent finished your work,have you?你还没有完成工作，是吗？,Lets祈使句，,shall we？,Lets have a rest,shall we?咱们休息一下，好吗？,第42页,必定祈使句，,will/wont you？,Be sure to write to us,will you？你一定要给我们写信，好吗？,Come to have dinner with us this evening,wont you?今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？,否定祈使句，,will you？,Dont smoke in the meeting room,will you？不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？,第43页,注,意,当前面陈说部分含有否定含义词,few,little,never,no,nothing,hardly,seldom等时，其后疑问部分应用必定形式。如：,David never fights with his classmates,does he？戴维从不和同班同学打架，是吗？,第44页,2.,对反意疑问句回答,对反意疑问句回答，不论陈说部分是必定句还是否定句，若事实是必定，答语就要用yes；事实是否定，答语就要用no。注意在“前否后肯”反意疑问句答语中，yes意为“不”，no意为“是”。如：,He didnt go to the meeting,did he?他没有参加这次会议，是吗？,Yes,he did.不，他参加了。,第45页,中考试练,【重庆7年真题(,)】,39.(B卷33题)How many people are,there in your group?,Four.Three boys _in our group,this time.,A.is B.are C.were D.was,B,命题点4 There be句型和主谓一致,(高频：9年7卷8考，单项选择、完形、完成句子),第46页,40.(A卷34题)There _ lots of,sheep and pigs on my uncles farm now.,A.was B.were C.is D.are,41.(B卷27题)There _ more,and more foreigners learning Chinese,now.,A.is B.are C.was D.were,D,B,第47页,42.(B卷32题)Look,everyone in the,group _ talking actively about,their ideas.,A.is B.are C.has D.have,43.(B卷75题)There are many old,people exercising in the park now.(改为,否定句),There _ _ many old,people exercising in the park now.,A,are,not,第48页,44.(年66题)There were many students,in this school last year.(改为否定句),There _ _ many students,in this school last year.,were,not,第49页,【创新猜押】,45.There _ a zoo near my home,so I,like to spend time there.,A.was B.were C.is D.are,46.Both Peter and Elsa _ good at,maths now.,A.was B.is C.were D.are,C,D,第50页,47.There _ a football game in our,school next week.,A.will be B.will have,C.is going to have D.are going to be,48.Everybody except Mike and Linda,_ there when the meeting began.,A.is B.are C.was D.were,A,C,第51页,49._ there any living things on,other planets?,I have no idea.Maybe we can know more,about that in the future.,A.Is B.Are C.Has D.Have,50.There is something wrong with my,computer.(改为否定句),There _ _ anything wrong,with my computer.,B,is,not,第52页,满分突破,分析重庆近9年中考真题可知，在单项选择中主要考查“主谓一致”标准(,含,There be型“主谓一致”),，也会和时态混合考查；形填空中仅考查,1次There be句型使用方法(,年50题,)；完成句子中考查2次There be句型句型变否定形式(,B卷75题，年66题,)。,第53页,There be句型,(,9年5卷5考,),1.“Therebesb./sth.地点状语”表示“某处有某人/某物”。be动词必须和主语保持人称和数一致。假如主语部分是两个或两个以上并列主语，be动词普通和邻近主语数和人称保持一致。(,A卷34题，B卷27题,)如：,第54页,There is a book and two pencils on the desk.书桌上有一本书和两支铅笔。,There are some hills and a lake around it.在它周围有几座小山和一个湖泊。,2.“Therebesb./sth.地点状语”否定形式是在be动词后面加not,not any,no。(,B卷75题，年66题,)如：,There is no water in the bottle.瓶子里面没有水。,第55页,3.若变为普通疑问句，则需要把be动词提到句首。如：,Is there any water in the bottle?瓶子里有一些水吗？,第56页,注,意,There be 结构有不一样时态，而且能够和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如：,There will be a new film on Monday.There is going to be a new film on Monday.星期一将有一部新电影上映。,There must be a mistake somewhere.必定有某个地方犯错了。,第57页,语法一致标准,考向一,主谓一致,(,B卷33题，B卷,32题，年24题,),主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一,致，即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词也采取,单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也,采取复数形式。,第58页,1.单数名词或人称代词单数、复合不定,代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句,作主语时，谓语动词普通用单数形式；主语,为名词或人称代词复数时，谓语动词用复数,形式(,B卷32题,)。如：,The children were in the classroom two,hours ago.孩子们两小时前在教室里。,Nothing is difficult if you put your heart,into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。,第59页,2.由连接词and或bothand连接起来,并列主语后面，谓语动词要用复数形式,(,年24题,)。如：,The boy and the girl were surprised when,they heard the news.男孩和女孩听到这个消息,时都很诧异。,第60页,3.当主语后面跟有with,together with,along with,except,but,like,as well as,rather,than,more than,no less than,besides,including等词时，谓语动词取决于主语数。如：,Everyone except Jim and Tim has a new book.除了吉姆和蒂姆外，每个人都有一本新书。,第61页,4.由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,the rest of名词”组成短语以及由“分数/百分数名词”组成短语作主语时，谓语动词数要依据短语后面名词数而定。如：,There are a lot of people in the classroom.教室里有许多人。,50%of the students in our class are girls.我们班百分之五十学生是女孩。,第62页,所谓意义一致就是概念一致，谓语动词,形式要和主语所表示概念一致。,1.表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等名,词复数作主语时，谓语动词通惯用单数形式。如：,Thirty minutes is enough for the work.,三十分钟对(完成)这份工作来说足够了。,意义一致标准,考向二,第63页,2.trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes等名词作主语时，谓语用复数形式，但假如这些名词前有a(the)pair of等量词修饰，谓语动词用单数形式。如：,My glasses are broken.我眼镜坏了。,The pair of shoes under the bed is his.床下这双鞋是他。,第64页,3.the姓氏名词复数，表示“,一家,”或“,夫妇,”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：,The Blacks enjoy working in China.布莱克夫妇喜欢在中国工作。,第65页,就近一致标准,考向三,谓语动词单复数取决于与之靠近,名词单复数，这种标准叫作“邻近标准”，也叫作“就近一致”标准。,第66页,1.由eitheror，neithernor，not,onlybut(also)，notbut或or连接两,个并列主语时，谓语动词与靠近它主语在,数上保持一致。如：,Neither you nor he has been to that city.,你和他都不曾去过那个城市。,第67页,2.There be和Here be句型中，be动词常,与靠近它主语在数上保持一致。如：,There is an apple and three pears on the,plate.盘子里有一个苹果和三个梨。,第68页,中考试练重庆7年真题(,)】,51.(B卷28题)Jack,dont always,copy what others do._ your,head,please.,Thanks for telling me.,A.Using B.Used C.Uses D.Use,D,命题点5 祈使句,(B卷28题，A卷33题，年37题，单项选择),第69页,52.(A卷33题)_ wake up,your sister,Ben.She needs a good sleep.,A.Dont B.Doesnt C.Arent D.Cant,53.(年37题)Jack,_,or you,will get heavier.,A.doesnt play sports any more,B.doesnt eat so much meat,C.dont play sports any more,D.dont eat so much meat,A,D,第70页,【创新猜押】,54._ kind and helpful to the people,around us,and we will make the world,a nicer place to live in.,A.Be B.Being C.To be D.Been,55._ on the grass,or it will“cry”,A.To walk B.Not to walk,C.Walk D.Dont walk,A,D,第71页,56._ on the TV,Jim.Id like to,watch the evening news.,OK,Dad.,A.Turn B.Turns,C.Turning D.To turn,57.Daniel,_ play with the mobile,phone while youre walking in the street.,A.dont B.doesnt,C.wont D.cant,A,A,第72页,满分突破,分析重庆近9年中考真题可知，祈使句只在单项选择中设题，主要考查其基本结构使用方法。,第73页,形式,结构,例句,必定,形式,(,B卷28,题),(Please)动词原形,Put away your things.把你东西收起来。,Please listen to me carefully！请认真听我讲！,Do 动词原形(加强语气，表“务必，一定”),Do come on time!一定要按时来！,Do look out!一定要小心！,Let宾语动词原形,Lets have another try.让我们再,试一次。,祈使句详细结构以下,：,第74页,否定形,式,(A卷33题，,37题),Dont,动词原形,Dont open the window.不要打开窗子。Please dont read in the sun.请不要在太阳底下看书。,No名词/动名词,No photos！禁止拍照！,No parking！禁止停车！,Dont let sb.动词原形,Let sb.not动词原形,Dont let him go there alone.,Let him not go there alone.不要让他独自去那儿。,第75页,中考试练,【重庆7年真题(,)】,58.(B卷27题)Tu Youyou has won,the Nobel Prize.,_ great she is!We Chinese,are so proud of her.,A.What a B.WhatC.How a D.How,D,命题点6 感叹句,(A卷79题，B卷27题，单项选择、完成句子),第76页,59.(A卷79题)有您这么老师，我是多,么幸运啊！(完成译句),_ _ I am to have a teacher,like you!,How,lucky,第77页,【创新猜押】,60._ important it is for kids to,imagine freely!,A.What B.What a,C.What an D.How,61.The robot can help me sweep the floor.,_ smart invention it is!,A.What B.What a,C.What an D.How,D,B,第78页,62._ delicious the food is in Hong,Kong!,A.How B.What,C.What a D.How a,63.猫把房子弄得多糟糕啊！(完成译句),_ _ awful mess the cat made,in the house！,A,What,an,第79页,满分突破,分析重庆近9年中考真题可知，感叹句为年重庆中考新增考点，均考查how引导感叹句。感叹句结构以下：,第80页,结构,例句,What a/an形容词可数名词单数主语谓语,！,What a beautiful present it is！多么漂亮一件礼品啊！,What形容词可数名词复数/不可数名词主语谓语,！,What lovely boys they are！多可爱男孩们啊！,What nice music it is！多么美妙音乐啊！,What引导感叹句,第81页,结构,例句,How形容词/副词主语谓语！,How fine the weather is！天气真好啊！,How形容词a/an可数名词单数！,How beautiful a present！多漂亮一件礼品啊！,How引导感叹句,第82页,口诀速记,感叹句，表情感，,how与what放句前。,名词词组跟what,how与形、副紧相连。,为使句子更简练，主谓部分可省略。,第83页,