现在完成时(初二).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,初二英语,现在完成时,复习：The Past Tense,（一般过去时）,（1）,yesterday,例：I,bought,a new bike,yesterday,.,（2）,ago,例：,Did,Mary,come,here,three days ago,?,（3）,last,例：,We,didnt learn,chemistry,last year,.,（4）,in 1990,例：,I,was,a small child,in 1990,.,（5）,just now/a moment ago,例：,Iwatched,TV at home,just now,.,The time adverbial（时间状语）,现在完成时,二、句子结构:,have/has+p.p(动词的过去分词),一、,概念,:,过去发生的动作或存在的状态,对现在造成的影响或结果.,(属于现在的时态，含有“by now到现在止”的意思),（1）,since,+（表过去的）时间点-,(since 1990/since last year/since two minutes ago),（2）,since,+过去时的从句-(since he came),（3）,for,+时间段(for a long time/for 10 years/,for two hours),（4）,these days;so far,(到目前止);,in the last/past two years,（过去两年来）,常与这些副词连用：,already,ever,never,notyet,三、,The time adverbial（时间状语）,四、Difficulties（难点）,have been to,-She has been to Guangzhou,.,have gone to （到去了）,-She has gone to Guangzhou.,have been in （到多久了）,-She has been in Guangzhou for three days.,五、过去分词,（一）规则变化,1、一般加ed：looked,played,watched,planted,washed,2、e结尾加d:hated,loved,saved,3、辅音字母加y结尾的，改 y为 i加ed:,studystudied,hurryhurried,worry-worried,4、以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,词，双写辅音字母加ed:,stopped,shopped,travelled,（二）不规则变化,现在完成时的,否定havent/hasnt,I,have,nt,done my homework,.,We,haveplanted some trees,.,You,have,bought a new bike,.,They,have,washed the room,.,Mary,has,slept for ten hours,.,Jack,has,played football for two hours,.,My father,has,worked here since 1990,.,nt,nt,nt,nt,nt,nt,现在完成时的,一般问句,将,Have/has,提到句子前面,1.We have eaten three apples,.,2.They have swept the floor.,3.The boy has seen the film.,4.People have known the news.,Have you eaten three apples?,Yes,we have./No,we havent.,Have they swept the floor?Yes,they have.,Has the boy seen the film?No,he hasnt.,Have people known the news?Yes,they have.,现在完成时,常与这些副词连用:,already,已经，,ever,曾经，,never,从没，,notyet,还没有,1.We,have,ever,seen,monkeys.,2.I,have,already,had,breakfast.,3.She,has,never,eaten,hamburgers.,4.They,have,nt,cleaned,the room,yet,.,5._you,ever,been to,Egypt?,6.She _,never,learned,Russian before.,has,Have,练习二,1.我们,曾经,种过一棵苹果树。,We _,ever,_an apple tree.,2.我,从没,看过那本书。,I _,never,_the book.,3.玛丽,早已经,看了那场电影。,Mary _,already,_the film.,4.我爷爷,还没有,吃午饭。,My grandfather _ _lunch,yet,.,5.你们,已经,看电视两小时了。,You _,already,_ TV for two hours.,have,have,have,has,hasnt,planted,read,seen,had,watched,现在完成时常用的,时间状语,(1),for+一段时间,(2),since+时间点;since+过去时的从句,1.I,have studied,here,for,over two years.,2.My parents,have lived,herefor,20 years,.,3.They,have known,each other,for,a long time,.,4.,How,long,have,you,learned,English?,-,For,over six years,.,5.She,has lived,here,since,she,came,here,.,6.She,has lived,here,since,1999,.,7.I,have been,like this _,last night,.,8.Tom,has travelled,to many cities,since,he _(离开)school.,since,left,(3),so far（到目前止）,、in the last/past（在过去的.）,与,现在完成时,连用。,例：,So far,many countries,have sent up,satellites into space,.,2.,In the last 30 years,our lives,have changed,a,lot,.,练习 三,()1.John_five apples,since 8clock,A.eats B.has eaten C.ate,()2.I_English,since five years ago,A.learned B.has learned C.have learnt,()3.We_each other,for ten years,.,A.has known B.have known C.knew,()4.,So far,we_two thousand words.,A.learned B.has learned C.have learnt,(),5.In the past two,years,she_many friends.,A.has made B.has maked C.have made,B,B,C,C,A,练习四：用所给的词填空,1,.Tom _ (work)there,since two years ago.,2I_,never,_（hear)of that man,before,.,3.The twins _ (wash)the clothes,for an hour.,4.He _ (play)basketball,since he came here.,5.,How,long,_ Sally _(sing)?,has worked,has,have,have washed,has played,sung,heard,注意:,现在完成时,不能和,明确指出时间的状语,(如:yesterday,last,year,in 1976,two days,ago,just now,when she came in 等),连用,，,但可以和,不明确指出时间的状语,(如:already,yet,ever,never,sometimes,always,often,before,once,twice,recently,lately等),连用,；,也可以和,表示包括现在在内的时间状语,(如：,today,this morning,this week,this year等),连用,。,与现在完成进行时的区别：,现在完成进行时和现在完成时都可以表示,“,从过去开始一直持续到现在”,这一概念,有时,两者,可以互相代用,但,前者多用于口语,。,在含义上如,着重表示动作的结果,时,多用现在,完成时,;,如,着重表示动作,一直在进行,即,动作,的,延续性,时,则多,用现在,完成进行,时。,一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于,现在完成进行时。,I,have waited for,him for many times.,我等他等了好几次了。,I,have,been,waiting,for,him for an hour.,我等他等了一小时。,He,has,drunk,six cups of coffee.,他喝了六杯咖啡。,He,has,been,drinking,coffee.,他一直在喝咖啡。,要求,1.背不规则动词表，默写,2.记住现在完成时常用的时间状语与副词,3.练习,been to,三个易混的结构have been to去过,have gone to 到去了,have been in去了/来了/到了+一段时间,1.I have,been to,Guangzhou.,2.I have _Guangzhou many times.,3.He has _Harbin.,4.My father isnt at home.He,has gone to,the library.,been to,5.Wheres Mary?-Shes_ Paris.,6.I have been in Zhuhai for ten years.,7.Shes _London for two days.,been in,gone to,IV.,有些动词属于”,结束性动词,”(或叫,瞬间动词,)即动作,不能持续,一发生即结束,因此不能接一段时间.,如以下词:,go/come/arrive/get to/join/leave,/die/begin/buy,在接一段时间时,就要用另外的词来代替:,1.have joined-have been(in)/a,He has,joined,the Party.,他已入党了.,He has _the Party,for ten years,.,他已入党十年了,.,He has,been a,Party member,for ten years,.,2.have lefthave been away,She has,left,Zhuhai.,她已经离开珠海.,She has _ Zhuhai for half a day.,她已经离开珠海半天了.,been in,been away,from,3.have died-have been dead,4.have begun-have been on,5.have bought-have had,6.have come(to)have been(in),7.have gone(to)-have been(in),8.have arrived(in/at)-have been(in),9.have got to-have been(in),A、,leave been away from buyhave borrowkeep,diebe dead get upbe up put onbe on,come/get backbe back go to townbe in town,losebe missing catch a coldhave a cold,closebe closed/not open openbe open,fall ill/asleep be ill/asleep begin/startbe on,get/receive a letter fromhave a letter from,Bcome to be here/there,arrive in（at）/get to/reachbe here/there,join the army-be in the army/be a soldier,join the League-be in the League/be a league member,五、延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳。,1.我们到了.We have arrived.,我们到了10分钟了.,We_for 10 minutes.,2.飞机到达机场半小时了.The plane _the airport for half an hour.,3.她已经死了.She has died.,她死了好几年了.,She _for several years.,4.电影已经开始了.The film has begun.,电影已经开始15分钟了.,The film _for fifteen minutes.,have been here,has been on,has been dead,have been in,5.他已经参军了.,He _the army.,6.他已经参军,两年,了.,He _the army for two years.,He_,a,soldier for two years.,has joined,has been in,has been,4.迈克买了自行车了.Mike has bought a bike.,迈克的自行车买了三年了,已经破了.,_for three years.,_.,5.我的鞋子买了两年了,已经破了.,Mike has had the bike,It has been broken.,/It is broken.,I have had the shoes for two years.,They have been worn out.,/They are worn out.,