现在完成时可用与过去完成时.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,现在完成时,用法,结构,搭配用语,辨析,瞬间动词,VS.,延续性动词,固定句型,强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。,2.过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，常搭配一段时间,与,for,或,since,连用.,He has just left.,He has been here for two weeks.,We have lived here since 1998,现代完成时含义,肯定式 sb.+have/has,done,+,sth.,sb.have/has not done+sth.,Have/has sbDone+sth.?,They,have,already,finished,the work.,They,havent finished,the work yet.,Have,they,finished,the work yet?,否定式,一般疑问句式,现在完成时：句子结构,(与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同),一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”。,work-worked-,worked,以“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”。,live-lived-,lived,以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将“y”变为“i”,再加“ed”。,study-studied-,studied,重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”。,stop-stopped-,stopped,过去分词：规则动词,AAA型 cost-cost-,cost,cut-cut-,cut,AAB型 beat-beat-,beaten,ABA型 become-became-,become,run-ran-,run,ABB型 get-got-,got,make-made-,made,ABC型write-wrote-,written,take-took-,taken,过去分词：不规则动词,与现在完成时搭配的,时间状语,already,yet,ever,never,just,before,once,twice,recently,so far,these days,in the past(last)three years,Have you,ever,eaten fish and chips?,Ive,just,lost my science book.,I havent learned the word,yet,.,Great changes have taken place,in the past three years,.,1._you _(hear)from George,recently,?,2.Lin _(not meet)those people,in the last few days.,3.Everything is going well.They _,(not have)any problems,so far.,4.Im hungry.I _(not eat)anything,since,breakfast.,5.Its nice to see you again.We _,(not see)each other,for a long time,.,6.He _ the novel twice,in the last few days,.,(read),Have,heard,hasnt met,havent had,havent eaten,havent seen,has read,请改变动词形式，并注意副词,have been to/have gone to/have been in,1.The child cant find his mother.,His mother _ the supermarket.,2.We _ the Great Wall twice.,3._ you ever _ Japan?,4.-May I speak to Dora?,-She _ Canada.,has gone to,have been to,Have been to,has gone to,Jake has gone to America.,去过.,We have been to the Summer Palace.,去.了,We have been in China for about a year.,呆在某地(常加一段时间),Right or Wrong,I have bought this car,for,ten years.,buy-,have,I have had this car,for,ten years.,瞬间动词 VS.延续性动词,The old man has died for 2 years.,The old man has been dead for 2 years.,die-,be dead,since 与 for,Usage Example,since+过去时间/,名词,since 1970/,his arrival,since+一段时间+ago since two years ago,since+句子(过去时)since he left here,for+一,段时间,for two years,She has been in Mexico,since 1970,.,I have stayed with him,since his arrival.,He has learnt German,since two years ago,.,Things have changed a lot,since he left here,.,She has been in Mexico for 40 years.,He has learnt German for two years.,不改变原意，,用,“for”“since”改写句子,1.Her classmates began to learn English two years ago.,Her classmates have learned English for two years.,2.The ship left two days ago.,The ship has been away for two days.,3.Her parents went to live in Beijing in 1981.,Her parents have lived in Beijing since 1981.,4.I bought the new bike last week.,I have had the new bike since last week.,固定句型,It is the first/second time.that结构中,that 从句用现在完成时。,It is the first time that I have visited the city.It was the third time that the boy had been late.,This is the that结构,that 从句要用现在完成时.,This is the best film that Ive(ever)seen.This is the first time(that)Ive heard him sing.,1.He has never driven a car before.,Its the first time he _ a car.,2.Linda has lost her passport again.,Its the second time this _(happen),3.Bill is phoning his pen pal again.Thats the third time he _ him this evening.,4.This is a lovely meal.Its the first good meal I _(have),has driven,has happened,has phoned,have had,练习,过去完成时可以表示,过去某一时刻,或,某一动作之前完成的动作,或,呈现 的状态,。也就是说发生在“,过去的过去,”。,定义：,构成,：had过去分词,过去完成时,过去分词的构成：,1.规则动词的变化(regular verbs),：,a)一般情况下在动词后面加,ed,work-work,edplay-play,ed,b)以 e 结尾的动词直接加,d,use-use,d,refuse-refuse,d,c)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，把 y 改 i 再加 ed,study-stud,ied,carry-carr,ied,d)以重读闭音节结尾的，前面有单个元音字母时，双写辅音字母，再加,ed,stop-stop,ped,drop-drop,ped,过去完成时的构成,：由助动词had+动词的过去分词（V.pp),admit-admitted,beg-begged,drop;prefer;plan;,过去完成时,表示过去的过去发生的动作；都是过去发生的动作，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时.常和by或since,for引导的表时间的从句或短语连用,但必须要与一个表示过去时的动作相对照.,构成方式:,肯定句:sb.haddone sth.,否定句:sb.+had not done+sth.,一般疑问句:Had+sb.+done sth.?,肯定回答:Yes,sb.had.,否定回答:No,sb.hadnt.,6:00 7:00 现在,By the time I,got,up,my sister,had,already,washed,all the clothes.,1,.我到家时她已经睡了。,By the time I got home,she,had,already,gone,to bed.,2,.到昨天晚上时消息已传遍全球。,By yesterday evening the news,had spread,through the world.,常用的时间状语等标志词：,1、,by,before,when,by the time,等构成的短语或引导的从句。,Eg.,1)By the time,she came to the bus stop,the bus had already gone.,2)We had finished the task,before,last midnight,3),When,I arrived at the post office,I found that I had left the letter at home,4),After,I had finished my homework,I went to bed.,3、从过去开始，一直持续到过去的另一时间的动作、状态。常用,since，for.,Eg.She said that she had learned English for years since he came to our school,注意：瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语，及since,for 引导的从句和短语连用,。,2,、,由said,told,knew,heard,thought 等引导的宾语从句中。,Eg.He told me that he had heard of it.,I thought my homework had been fininshed.But I didnt.,The thief,had run away before the police arrived.,We had learnt,3 Chapters,by the end of yesterday.,Henry had stayed in bed,for a week,before he went to school yesterday.,The thief,hadnt,run away before the police arrived.,Had,the thief,run,away before the police arrived?,Who,had run,away before the police arrived?,We,hadnt,learnt,3 chapters by the end of yesterday.,Had,you,learnt,3 chapters by the end of yesterday?,What,had,you,learnt,by the end of yesterday?,Henry,hadnt,stayed,in bed for a week before he,Had,Henry,stayed,in bed for a week before he went to school yesterday?,How long,had,Henry,stayed,in bed before he went to school yesterday?,现在完成时和过去完成时的区别：,The differences between,Present Perfect tense,and,Past Perfect tense,.,现在完成时:,主语+have/has done,过去完成时:,主语+had done,过去的过去 过去 现在,now,past现在完成时,过去完成时,time,time,基本用法,1,.过去完成时表示在过去某时或某个动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态,表示经历或经验.,我说自从你搬到这儿以来妈妈一直为你的懒惰而生气.,(2)我到达电影院之前电影早已经开始了.,I said mother,had been,angry about your laziness since we moved here.,The film,had begun,before we got to the cinema.,2.过去完成时表示过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到那个时间并可能延续下去的动作。,(1)他来我们学校之前已经在那所学校工作了三年.,2)当Millie到达电影院的时候,电影已经开始了半个小时了.,(3)自从他离开南京我们就一直没有见过面.,He,had worked,in that school for three years before he came to our school.,The film,had already been,on for half an hour when Millie got to the cinema.,We,hadnt seen,each other since he left Nanjing.,3.过去完成时表示在某一动作之前已经完成的动作.过去的时间由before,after,when引导的时间从句表示出来.,1.我在你回来之前就已经把晚饭准备好了.,2.当我赶到学校时,已经开始上课了.,3.在我到家之前他已经走了.,I,had finished,cooking dinner,before,you came back.,The class,had begun,when,I got to school.,I got home after he,had left,.,4.,在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词引导的宾语从句中，一般用过去完成时。,(1)她说她从来没有去过巴黎。,She said(that)she had never been to Paris.,(2)我觉得我以前见过他。,I thought that I had seen him before.,(3)Tom说他借了这本书两周了。,Tom said he had,borrowed,the book for 2 weeks.,kept,5,.表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本，未能”。,1.结果比我们想象的要好。,The result was better than what we had expected.,2.我们期望你会来的，但是你没有来。,We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.,More practice,When I arrived there,they_(leave)already.,The film_(start),when we got to the cinema.,I _(read)the book before I started school.,They thought that they_(try)their best.,The poor girl never saw her grandpa because he _ (pass away)before she was born.,I _ (not realize)she wasnt Chinese until she spoke.,had left,had started,had read,had tried,had passed away,hadnt realized,试作比较：,昨天我见到王先生了自从他离开北京我们就一直未曾见过面。,I saw Mr.Wang yesterday.We,had not seen,each other since he left Beijing.,自从他离开北京我们就一直未曾见过面。,We,have not seen,each other since he left Beijing.,试比较：,1.我在这工作,已经,五年了。,2.到2005年8月，我在这工作,已经,五年了。,过去完成时与现在完成时的区别,现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关.其结构为”助动词have/has+过去分词”;,过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调”过去的过去”,只有和过去的某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它.,到目前为止我已经学会了3000个单词.,到那时我已经学会了3000个英语单词.,I,have learned,3000 English words so far.,I,had learned,3000 English words till then.,过去完成时与一般过去时的区别,1.时间状语不同,过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间,They,had arrived at,the station by ten yesterday.,(说明不到点就在车站了）,They,arrived at,the station at ten yesterday.,(说明点到车站的）,2)在没有明确的时间状语做标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时,I,had finished,my homework before my mother,came,back.,在妈妈回来前，我已经把作业写完了。,)当两个或两个以上的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时代替过去完成时；另外在引导的从句中由于这些连词本身已经表示时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时,He,entered,the room,turned,on,the light and,read,an evening paper.,I,(had)called,her before I left the office.,1：How long _ you _in the countryside before you came to our school?,A:hadtaught,B:havetaught,C:did.teach,D:areteaching,2：How long _ you _the army before you came to our company?,A:did.join,B:have.joined,C:hadbeen in,D:havebeen in,3：The football match on TV _ for half an hour.(2008年湖南对口招生）,A:has begun,B:has been on,C:began,D:is begining,4:A moment ago,a policeman told me that he _ my stolen motorbike in a village.,A:has found,B:had found,C:was finding,D:will find,5:When Jack arrived,he learned Mary _ for almost an hour,.,A;had gone,B:had set off,C:had left,D:had been away,分析：答案选,D,。因为上大学是过去，学了五千个英语单词是在上大学之前，即“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。,6:He _more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.,A.,has learned B.would have learned,C.learned,D.had learned,分析：答案选,D,。根据“我没见到他”可知，“在我到达”前“父亲已经去伦敦”了，即父亲去伦敦发生在“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。,7.Father _for London on business upon my arrival,so I didnt see him.(2005福建卷),has left B.left,C.was leaving D.had left,Can you do itBy yesterday morning,he _(call)me ten times.,The patient _(die)when the doctor arrived.,I saw Lin Feng yesterday.We _(not meet)each other for five years.,had called,had died,had not met,4.I returned the book that I_(borrow).,5.He said that he _(know)her well.,6.The match _(be)on for half an hour.,7.The match _(be)on for half an hour when I got there.,8.They _(do)the work at 11 oclock yesterday morning.,had borrowed,had known,has been,had been,did,9.They _(do)the work by 11 oclock yesterday morning.,10.The pop singers _(leave)when I got to the music hall last night.What a pity!,11.How clean the room is today!,Oh,yes!Who _(clean)it?,had done,had left,cleaned,12.What were you doing when Jim phoned you?,I _(finish)my homework and was starting to take a shower.,13.Have you ever been to Guilin?,Yes.I _(go)there four months ago.,had finished,went,Thank you!,See you next time!,