中考英语语法时态串讲.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,育英视频学习网:,中考英语语法,时态,2025/11/1 周六,1,1/74,时态特殊使用方法,教 学 目 标,英语时态,和汉语时态区分,能找出每种时态所对应生活中时间,掌握每种时态,陈说句/疑问句/否定句,表示未来含义,五种表示方式,2025/11/1 周六,2,2/74,第 一 部 分,英语时态和汉语时间表示的区别,2025/11/1 周六,3,3/74,什 么 是 时 态?,汉 语 有 没 有 时 态?,时:对时间划分,态:每种时间对应,谓语动词独特表示方式,汉语中,只有时没有态,2025/11/1 周六,4,4/74,汉语中的时间表达方式-加入时间词,我正在学习,我打算学习,我爱学习,I am studying,I will study,I like to study,英语中的时间表达方式-时态,2025/11/1 周六,5,5/74,时态含义-时间表示法,一:时，即每种时态对应一个时间段，学习时态一定要先弄明白每种时态所在生活中对应时间。这是了解问题,二:态，即每种时态都有自己独特表示方式。这点和汉语存在巨大差异。汉语中表示时间只需要在时间词上做改变就到达目标了，而英语除了时间词上做改变，谓语动词也要有对应改变。,2025/11/1 周六,6,6/74,汉语和英语对于时间不一样划分方法,普通现在时,现在进行时,过去完成时,普通未来时,普通过去,时,过去进行时,过去未来时,将来,现在,过去,现在完成时,2025/11/1 周六,7,7/74,汉语和英语对于时间描述的基本区别,汉语,英语,只有“时”,没有“态”,现有“时”,又有“态”,时间结构划分:,过去-现在-未来,时间结构划分:,过去细划分,2025/11/1 周六,8,8/74,第 二 部 分,练习找到每种时态在生活中的代表的时间含义,2025/11/1 周六,9,9/74,我平时在7点起床,今天我打算在8点起床,我正在起床,昨天我7点起床,昨天7点我正在起床,昨天我打算在8点起床,昨天7点我已经起床了,今天7点我已经起床了,过去时,2025/11/1 周六,10,10/74,1.I get up at 7:00.,2.I will get up at 8.,I am going to get up at 8.,3.I am getting up now,4.I have gotten up till 7:00.,5.I got up at 7 last morning,6.I was getting up at 7 last morning,7.I would get up at 8 last morning.,I was going to get up at 8.,8.I had gotten up till 8 last morning,2025/11/1 周六,11,11/74,这座山终年云雾回绕,这座山昨天云雾回绕,我明天想游览这座山,我正在爬山,我昨天下午正在爬山,我今天已经爬过这座山了,我昨天想游览这山,我昨天下午已经爬过这座山了,2025/11/1 周六,12,12/74,第 三 部 分,八种时态的讲解,2025/11/1 周六,13,13/74,八 种 时 态,普通现在时,普经过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,普通未来时,过去未来时,现在完成时,过去完成时,现在,过去,2025/11/1 周六,14,14/74,一 般 现 在 时,2025/11/1 周六,15,15/74,1一般现在时,普通现在时,两层含义,经常发生动作或存在状态,I go to school by bike,我骑车上学,It is very hot.,天很热,客观事实或普遍真理,A:,B:,The sun rises in the east.,太阳从东升起,易错点:上下文用过去时,表示客观真理依然要用普通现在时,He said that the earth is round.,他说地球是圆,(时),2025/11/1 周六,16,16/74,He said“I will kill you.”,He said that he would kill him.,He said“the earth is round.”,He said that the earth is round,2025/11/1 周六,17,17/74,普通现在时陈说句基本结构,陈说句,Be,动词类(状态),行为动词类(动作),I am,He/she/it(单)+is,You/they/we(复)+are,主(复)+,v(,原),They like game.,主(单)+,Vs,He likes game.,(态),2025/11/1 周六,18,18/74,普通疑问句,基本结构,前提:一般现在时,be前置于句首.?,He is a student.,Is he a student?,行为动词分清,单复数,Do+主+v原.?(复),They,like,game.,Do,they,like,game?,Does+主+v原.?(单),He,likes,game.,Does,he,like,game?,2025/11/1 周六,19,19/74,否定句,基本结构,前提:一般现在时,主+be not+.,He is a student.,He is not a student.,行为动词分清,单复数,主+do not+v原.(复),They,like,game.,They do not like game,主+doesnt+v原.(单),He,likes,game.,He does not like,game,2025/11/1 周六,20,20/74,特殊用法:,在状语从句中,假如主句和从句都表示未来时间含义,那么从句用普通现在时代替普通未来时.,I will go if it is fine tomorrow.,假如明天好天我就去,We shall be away when he arrives.,他一来我们就离开,I wont go out unless you agree.,我不会出去除非你同意,2025/11/1 周六,21,21/74,If it is rainy tomorrow,I will sleep/fall asleep at home,When she gets home,I will finish dinner.,As soon as you come,I will go.,Her mother will look after her if she is ill,2025/11/1 周六,22,22/74,练习(用普通现在时完成句子),Your shoes(be)under the bed.,I(be)very well,thank you.,We(have)many books.,She(have)a book in her hand.,I(live)in Kai Feng.,He(watch)TV every evening.,She never(get)up late.,He(not care)what you do.,请将3,6,8句改成疑问句和否定句,2025/11/1 周六,23,23/74,现 在 进 行 时,2025/11/1 周六,24,24/74,现在进行时(时),表示现在正在发生动作,强调眼前这一点.,Im writing a letter.,我正在写信,They are learning English.,他们正在学英语,Is it raining now?,现在下雨了吗?,和,come,go leave,start,arrive,等词连用,表示即将发生动作.,Im seeing him tomorrow.,我准备明天看他,What are you doing next week?,你下周打算干什么?,2025/11/1 周六,25,25/74,现在进行时(态),陈说句,主+,be+Ving+,1,2,I am teaching.,我正在教书,疑问句,Be+,主,+Ving+?,1,2,Are you teaching?,否定句,主,+,Be not,+Ving+.,1,2,I am not teaching.,我现在不教书,2025/11/1 周六,26,26/74,练习1(用括号内词组回答下列问题),What are you doing now?,(read a book),(walk through the park),(open a bottle),(drink tea),(have lunch),(look at some pictures),将上面,1,和,7,两个句子改为否定句和疑问句,2025/11/1 周六,27,27/74,一 般 将 来 时,2025/11/1 周六,28,28/74,一般将来时(时):,表示以现在为起点,将要发生事情.,He will go swimming tomorrow.,他准备明天游泳,He is going to go swimming tomorrow.,They will go swimming tomorrow,他们准备明天游泳,They are going to go swimming tomorrow.,2025/11/1 周六,29,29/74,普通未来时,两种,惯用表示方式,(态),主+,will+V,原+,1,2,He will go home after class,下课后他准备回家,A:,They will go home after class,下课后他们准备回家,B:,主+,be going to+V,原+,1,2,He is going to go home.,They are going to go home.,2025/11/1 周六,30,30/74,一般将来时(态),陈说句,主+,will+V,原+,1,2,He will go home.,他准备回家,疑问句,will+,主,+V,原+?,1,2,Will he go home?,他准备回家吗?,否定句,主,+,will not,+V,原+,1,2,He will not go home.,他不准备回家,2025/11/1 周六,31,31/74,一般将来时(态),陈说句,主+,be going to,+V,原+,1,2,He is going to go home.,他准备回家,疑问句,Be+,主,+going to+V,原+?,1,2,Is he going to go home?,他准备回家吗?,否定句,主,+,be not going toV,原+,1,2,He is not going to go home.,他不准备回家,2025/11/1 周六,32,32/74,还有没有不是将来时,但能表示将来的含义的时态呢?,2025/11/1 周六,33,33/74,表示,未来时间含义,四种方式,普通未来时,主+,will+V,原,主+,be going to+V,原,普通现在时,主句未来时,从句用,普通现在时表示未来,现在进行时,瞬间动词做谓语,表示未来含义,2025/11/1 周六,34,34/74,练习:将以下句子改为否定句和疑问句,You will be late.,We will stay with them.,He is going to learn English.,They will fly to London tomorrow.,2025/11/1 周六,35,35/74,一 般 过 去 时,2025/11/1 周六,36,36/74,一般过去时(时):,表示过去某段时间发生动作,重复发生动作或存在状态.,He went swimming yesterday.,他昨天去游泳了,They liked going swimming,他们以前喜欢游泳,He was a teacher.,他以前是老师,They were teachers.,他们以前是老师,2025/11/1 周六,37,37/74,普经过去时陈说句基本结构,陈说句,Be,动词类(状态),行为动词类(动作),I+was,He/she/it(单)+was,You/they/we(复)+were,主,+V,过去式,They liked game.,(态),They came here.,2025/11/1 周六,38,38/74,普通疑问句,基本结构,前提:一般过去时,be前置于句首.?,He was a student.,Was he a student?,行为动词无,单复数,Did+主+v原.?,They,liked,game.,Did,they,like,game?,He,liked,game.,Did,he,like,game2025/11/1 周六,39,39/74,否定句,基本结构,前提:一般现在时,主+be not+.,He was a student.,He was not a student.,行为动词,主+did not+v原.,They,liked,game.,They did not like game,He,liked,game.,He did not like,game,2025/11/1 周六,40,40/74,普通现在时,普经过去时,陈说句,主,+am/is/are+its here,主,(,单,)+Vs He likes it.,主,(,复,)+V,原,They like it.,主,was/were+.It was here,主,(,单,/,复,)+Ved,He/they liked it.,疑问句,Be+,主,+?,Does+,主,(,单,)+V,原,?,Do+,主,(,复,)+V,原,?,Was/were+,主,+?,Did+,主,(,单,/,复,)+V,原,?,Did he/they like it?,否定句,主,+be not+,主,(,单,)+does not+V,原,主,(,复,)+do not+V,原,主,+was/were+not.,主,(,单,/,复,)+did not+V,原,一般现在时,PK,一般过去时,2025/11/1 周六,41,41/74,现在时,过去时,Now,现在,Then,那时,Today,今天,That day,那天,Tomorrow,明天,The next day,第二天,Tomorrow morning,明天早晨,The next morning,第二天早晨,Last night.,昨天晚上,We are studying now.,我们正在学习,We studied then.,我们那时候学习,时间状语的变化,2025/11/1 周六,42,42/74,Ago,Before,时间段,+ago,A month ago,一个月之前,Before+详细时间,Before 1999,1999年之前,He lived in here a month ago.,他一个月以前住在这里,He lived in here before 1999.,他,1999,年以前住在这里,在.之前,2025/11/1 周六,43,43/74,练习,:ago,与,before,例:,I entered middle school(,大约五年前,).,I entered middle school about 5 years ago.,They came here(,暑假前,)and I met them(,三天前,),It was very cold(,春节前,),He lived in Kai Feng(,年以前,),She decided to do it(3,分钟以前,),2025/11/1 周六,44,44/74,现 在 完 成 时,2025/11/1 周六,45,45/74,现在完成时(时),最难地方是和普通过去时时间上区分.,现在完成时是以过去为时间起点,不过说话人着眼于现在结果,而不论过去是什么时候发生,.,2025/11/1 周六,46,46/74,正在射击,He is shooting.,他正在射击,刚才射击,He shot.,他刚才射击,刚才射击,一直射击到,现在(完成时),He has shot till now.,他到现在一直在射击,2025/11/1 周六,47,47/74,现在完成时(从过去开始现在已完成或未完成),He did his homework just now,他刚才做作业,He did his homework just now(,他刚才做作业),he has done till now.,(一直到现在依然在做).,he has done over 3 hours(,他一直写了三个小时),2025/11/1 周六,48,48/74,现在完成时,You are a student now你现在是个学生,You have been a student since 1996你从1996年就是学生.,You have been a student for 9 years你作为一个学生已经九年了.,2025/11/1 周六,49,49/74,现在完成时(态),陈说句,主+,has/have+,过去分词+,1,2,Ha has worked for 9 hours.,他已经工作九小时了,疑问句,Has/have+,主,+,过去分词+?,1,2,Has he worked for 9 hours?,他已经工作九个小时了吗?,否定句,主,+,has/have not,+,过去分词+,1,2,He has not worked for 9 hours,他还没有工作九个小时,2025/11/1 周六,50,50/74,现在完成时易错点,come,go,leave,arrivejoin,die,marry,等动词,所表示动作是一时,故不能和,since for,等表示一段时间状语连用,2025/11/1 周六,51,51/74,He has come to BJ for 7 years,He has left BJ for 2 years,He has joined the Army for 3 years.,He has died for 5 years.,He has been in BJ for 7 years,他在北京七年了,He has been away BJ for 2 years,他离开北京两年了,He has been in the Army for 3 years.,他参加军队三年了,He has been dead for 5 years.他已经逝世5年了,典型错误,正确句子,2025/11/1 周六,52,52/74,经惯用几个转换,He died 3 years ago.,He has been dead for 3 years.,He went to HZC 3 days ago,he has been in HZC for 3 days.,He married 3 days ago.,he has been married for 3 days.,The student bought the book two days ago.(,完成,),The student _ _ the book _ two days ago.,2025/11/1 周六,53,53/74,现在完成时(特殊使用方法,注意区分),Have gone to sp,已经去某地,He has gone to zz,他已经去郑州了,.,Have been to sp,曾去过某地,He has been to zz,他曾去过郑州,2025/11/1 周六,54,54/74,since、for区分,Since+详细时间点,自从,只用于完成时中,He has been a student since 1996,他从96年就是学生了,For+一段时间,已经一段时间,可用于完成,普通现在,普经过去时,He has been a student for 9 years,他做学生已经9年了.,Bake the cake for 40 minutes,烤这个蛋糕40分.,2025/11/1 周六,55,55/74,过 去 进 行 时,2025/11/1 周六,56,56/74,过去进行时(时),表示过去正在发生动作,强调过去这一点.,有表示过去时间提醒,(,或上下文,/,或有时间词,),I was writing a letter that time.,我那时正在写信,They were learning English last night.,他们正在学英语,was it raining at that time?,那时正在下雨了吗?,2025/11/1 周六,57,57/74,过去进行时(态),陈说句,主+,was/were,+Ving+,1,2,I was teaching then,.,我那时正在教书,疑问句,Was/were+,主,+Ving+?,1,2,were you teaching then?,你那时正在教书吗,?,否定句,主,+,was/were not,+Ving+,1,2,I was not teaching then.,我那时不教书,2025/11/1 周六,58,58/74,现在进行时,过去进行时,陈说句,主,be+ving,We are studying now.,主,+was/were+ving.,We were studying then.,我们那时正在学习,疑问句,Be+,主,+ving?,Are you studying now?,Was/were+,主,+ving?,Were you studying then?,否定句,主,+be not+ving,We are not studying now.,主,+was/were not+ving.,We were not studying then.,现在进行时,PK,过去进行时,2025/11/1 周六,59,59/74,过 去 将 来 时,2025/11/1 周六,60,60/74,过去将来时(时):,表示以过去某一时间点为起点,将要发生事情.,That day he said he would go to school.,那天他说他准备去上学,They told me that they would go to school.,他们告诉我他们准备去上学,They told me that they were going to go to school.,他们告诉我他们准备去上学,2025/11/1 周六,61,61/74,现在进行时,过去进行时,陈说句,主,+will+v,We will study tomorrow.,我们明天打算学习,主,+would+v.,We would study the next day.,我们第二天学习,疑问句,Will+,主,+v?,Will you study tomorrow?,Will+,主,+v?,would you study the next day?,你们第二天打算学习,?,否定句,主,+will not+v,We will not study tomorrow.,主,+will not+v.,We will not study the next day.,我们第二天不打算学习,一般将来时,PK,过去将来时,2025/11/1 周六,62,62/74,过去未来时,两种,惯用表示方式,(态),主+,would+V,原+,1,2,He would go home after class that day,那天下课后他准备回家,A:,They would go home after class that day,那天下课后他们准备回家,B:,主+,was/were going to+V,原+,1,2,He was going to go home that day.,They were going to go home that day,.,2025/11/1 周六,63,63/74,过去将来时(态),陈说句,主+,would+V,原+,1,2,He would go home that day.,疑问句,Would+,主,+V,原+?,1,2,Would he go home that day?,否定句,主,+,would not,+V,原+,1,2,He would not go home that day.,2025/11/1 周六,64,64/74,过去将来时(态),陈说句,主+,was/were going to,+V,原+,1,2,He was going to go home that day.,疑问句,Was/were+,主,+going to+V,原+?,1,2,was he going to go home that day?,否定句,主,+,was/were not going to,+V,原,+.,1,2,He was not going to go home that day.,2025/11/1 周六,65,65/74,过 去 完 成 时,2025/11/1 周六,66,66/74,过去完成时(时),到过去某一时间点已经完成动作或状态,而且可能继续延续下去,.,其实就是把现在完成时放在过去来看,到昨天下午,3,点我作业已经写完了,I had finished my homework,till the last day 3:oo P.M.,2025/11/1 周六,67,67/74,过去完成时(态),陈说句,主had+,过去分词+,1,2,He had worked a student for 9 hours last night.,他已经工作九小时了,疑问句,had+,主,+,过去分词+?,1,2,Had he worked for 9 hours last night?,昨晚他已经工作九个小时了吗?,否定句,主,+,had not,+,过去分词+,1,2,He has not worked for 9 hours last night.,昨晚,他还没有工作九个小时,2025/11/1 周六,68,68/74,陈说句中没有助动词,普通现在时,普经过去时,陈说句中有助动词,现在进行时,过去进行时普通未来时,过去未来时,现在完成时,过去完成时,时态的记忆规则,2025/11/1 周六,69,69/74,陈说句中没有助动词,普通现在时,主+be+,主+v(复)/vs(单),普经过去时,主+was/were/+,主+过去式+,陈说句中有助动词,普通未来时,主+will(1)+v原(2),主+be going to(1)+v原(2),过去未来时,主+would(1)+v原(2),主+was/were going to(1)+v原(2),现在进行时,主+,be(1)+ving(2),过去进行时,主+,was/were(1)+ving(2),现在完成时,主+,has/have(1)+,过去分词2),过去完成时,主+,had(1)+,过去分词(2),2025/11/1 周六,70,70/74,It _(rain)when I _(wake up)last Saturday.It always _(rain)when I am not working.We_(plan)to go to the seaside,but in the end we_(decide)to go to the theatre instead.We _(miss)the bus,and _(arrive)late.we _(arrange)to meet John outside the theatre and he_(wait)for 20 minutes when we_(get)there.The play_(already start)when we_(go)in,Its Monday again today,and I _(work)as usual.I _(sit)here in the office for the last two hours but I _(not do)much work yet.I(feel)to fed up to work.I _(already have)my holiday this year.I _(go)to scotland in July and it_(rain)every day.Tomorrow I_(book)a holiday for next April in Spain.,2025/11/1 周六,71,71/74,综合练习(2)接上文,Its Monday again today,and I _(work)as usual.I _(sit)here in the office for the last two hours but I _(not do)much work yet.I(feel)to fed up to work.I _(already have)my holiday this year.I _(go)to scotland in July and it_(rain)every day.Tomorrow I_(book)a holiday for next April in Spain.,2025/11/1 周六,72,72/74,综合练习(答案),Was raining,Woke up,rains,Had planned,decided,missed,arrived,Had arranged,Had waited,got,Had already started,went,Am working,Have sit,Have not done,Feel(am feeling),Have already had,went,rained,Will book,2025/11/1 周六,73,73/74,本讲结束,谢谢收看,2025/11/1 周六,74,74/74,