Egyptian Festivals.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Festivals of Egypt,Name:The Arab Republic of Egypt,(,阿拉伯埃及共和国,),Independence Day:1922.2.28,National Day:1952.7.23,National Flower:Lotus,Ethnic groups,:,87%,Arabians,11.8%Copts 0.5%,Nubians,Bedouins,Bejas,Berbers Armenians Greeks,Geography,：,mainly in North Africa,with the Sinai,Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest,Asia,，,covering an area of about 1,010,000,square kilometers(390,000 sq mi),Capital:Cairo,Brief Introduction of Egypt,Egypt is a wondrous country with many festivals and celebrations.,Some festivals are historic,some are secular and some are religious.,Date,English Name,Description,January 7,Christmas(eastern),Celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ according to the Julian calendar,April 25,Sinai Liberation Day,Celebrated the withdrawal of,Israeli,troops from Sinai peninsula,May 1,Labor Day,Labor day is the only international secular holiday celebrated in Egypt,July 23,Revolution Day,Celebrates the Revolution of 1952 in which the republic was established,October 6,Armed Forces Day,Celebrates The Crossing of the Suez Canal by the Egyptian forces,English Name,Description,Sham El,Nessim,(Spring festival),Celebrated on the Monday following Orthodox Easter,the only ancient Egyptian holiday celebrated today,Islamic New Year,The coming of the new year according to the lunar Islamic calendar,Prophet Mohammeds Birthday,The Birthday of Prophet Mohammed,Ramadan,A four day long holiday that takes place at the end of the holy month of Ramadan,Sacrifice Feast,Celebrates Gods forgiveness of Abraham from his vow to sacrifice his son;a five days long holiday,Fixed holidays(offices and shops close),Movable holidays(offices and shops close),Date,English Name,Description,Jan 1,New Years Day,The New Year according to the official(Gregorian)calendar,Mar 1,Sportsmens day,A day dedicated to Egypts sportsmen,Mar 21,Mothers Day,A day dedicated to mothers,Jun 18,Evacuation Day(,Eid,el-,Galaa,),Celebration of the evacuation of foreign troops,Aug 15,Flooding of the Nile(,Wafaa,Elnil,),Celebration of the beginning of the,Niles,floods,Oct 6,Armed Forces Day,Celebration of the victory over Israel in 1973,Oct 21,Egyptian Naval Day,Commemoration of the destruction of an Israeli destroyer in 1967,Oct 24,Suez Day/Popular Resistance Day,A day dedicated to the citizens of Suez and their rising during the,October War,Dec 23,Victory Day,Celebration of the end of the Suez Crisis,Other important dates(offices and shops dont close),As the majority of Christians in Egypt belong to the Orthodox Coptic church,Christmas is celebrated on the 7th of January in Egypt,equal to the 29th of the Coptic month,Khiahk,.Advent is observed for 45 days from November 25th to the night of January 6th and during these days people fast eating meat,poultry or dairy products.,Prior to Christmas,all the churches and the Christian homes are decorated with Christmas trees,lights,and small mangers.,Egyptian Christmas,When the Christmas service ends,people go home to eat a special Christmas meal known as,fata,which consists of bread,rice,garlic and boiled meat.On Christmas morning people in Egypt visit friends and neighbors carrying special kind of sweet called,Kahk,which is also eaten by Muslims when they celebrate the feast of,Eid,El,Fetr,after,Ramadan,.,As the way Egyptians celebrate their feasts,they go out to enjoy the holiday in parks,cinemas and theatres.,Christmas in Egypt is a joyful occasion that is celebrated by Christians and well respected by Muslims.,On the eve of Christmas,every body goes to Church wearing new clothes as a way of enjoying the joy of the feast.The Coptic language is used in the church ceremonies and religious songs.In the majestic Cathedral of Saint Mark in Cairo,the Pope of the Orthodox church begins Christmas ceremonies at 11 p.m.which are broadcast on television throughout the nation.,An Egyptian Christmas Recipe:Christmas,Lebkuchen,(,姜饼,),Ingredient:,2 eggs,225g almonds,10g cinnamon,2 1/2 teaspoon baking powder,4 egg yolks,225g dried peel(thinly sliced),1 teaspoon nutmeg,450 sugar,1 teaspoon grated lemon rind,175g butter,700g flour,1.Melt butter over low heat.,2.Stir in sugar,spices,chopped almonds and well beaten eggs.Add flour and baking powder.,3.Roll dough out thinly and cut into shapes.Place half an almond in the center of each biscuit,and brush the top of each biscuit with the white of an egg.,4.Bake at 180 degrees Celsius until brown,Both Muslims and Christians in Egypt welcome the first day of Spring with a festive picnic called Sham al-,Naseem,which means“the smell of spring”.It is celebrated on the first Monday after Coptic Easter.Picnics and outdoor activities are the common ways of spending this national holiday.,Sham al-,Naseem,闻风节,/,惠风节,“,Midamis,”(kidney beans)and“,fasiyah,”(dried fish)are the traditional food of the day.Some people boat on the River Nile,and enjoy their picnics there.Everyone greets each other kindly,saying al,Salamu,Alaycum,which means Peace be with you.,Prophet Mohammeds Birthday Celebration,Prophet Mohammed Birthday Celebration in Egypt is a major festival of Egyptian Muslims.Celebrated all over the country with same enthusiasm and zeal,it is a public holiday festival.,The Arabic name of Prophet Mohammed Birthday is,Moulid,An,Nabi,and is celebrated around the month of May.However the date for the holiday changes every year because Islamic holidays are based on the,Hijri,calendar.,According to the Egyptian culture religious festivals in Egypt that were associated with great religious leaders are known as,moulids,.According to the Islam,Prophet Muhammad was born in the city of Mecca.,The celebrations of Prophet Mohammeds Birthday in Egypt include parades in the city streets,with lights,feasts,drummers and special sweets.Singing,dancing,music,prayer,childrens games,puppet shows,and foods carnival are all a part of this festival of Egypt.,Along with parades and other celebrations,the main attraction of celebration is Sufi music played at Prophets,moulid,.,Prophet Mohammeds Birthday in Egypt is equivalent of Christmas.Streets are bejeweled with lights and two special sweets called,hellawayat,al,moulid,are made.People wear new clothes and families get together to celebrate this day.,Wafaa,Al-Nil Festival,(,Egypts Nile Festival,),The biggest festival of all was dedicated to the Nile.Each year the Nile would begin to rise in June and eventually flood by July 19.For this reason,July 19 is the New Year on the ancient Egyptian calendar.,There were huge celebrations honoring the rising of the river.To give thanks to what the Ancient Egyptians referred to as a Nile god named,Hapi,they would place a roll of papyrus containing a prayer on the Nile.They would also make offerings of fruits,vegetables,and flowers to show their appreciation for the Niles rising.Dancing and singing would take place all night long,and people would drink water from the Nile.,The joyous occasion of the Niles rising in antiquity meant that fields of crops would be able to be irrigated all year round,and that the citizens of Egypt would have enough to eat.,Ramadan,斋戒月,Ramadanis,the 9th month of the,Islamic calendar,.It is the,Islamic,month of,fasting,in which participating,Muslims,refrain from e,ating,drinking,and,sexual relations,from,dawn,until,sunset,.Fasting is intended to teach Muslims about patience,humility,and spirituality.It is a time for Muslims to fast for the sake of,God,and to offer more,prayer,than usual.,During Ramadan,Muslims ask forgiveness for past sins,pray for guidance and help in refraining from everyday evils,and try to purify themselves through self-restraint and good deeds.,As compared to the,solar calendar,the dates of Ramadan vary,moving backwards about eleven days each year,depending on the moon,.,Muslims believe Ramadan to be an auspicious month for the revelations of God to humankind,being the month in which the first verses of the,Quran,(,古兰经,)were revealed to the,Islamic prophet,Muhammad,(,穆罕默德,).,Ramadan Lanterns decorations,In Egypt,working hours are often reduced during Ramadan to allow for more prayer and reflection.The fast is broken each night with the meal referred to as“,Iftar,(,开斋,)”.,Iftar,is often taken with friends and family and the mood is festive.Traditional music and entertainment is enjoyed throughout the night,and many stay awake until dawn.Mosques and streets are lit up with beautiful colors each evening and it is a joyous time throughout the nation.,Iftar,in,Sultan Ahmed Mosque,in Is Istanbul,Turke,At the end of Ramadan comes the feast of,Eid,al-,Fitri,(the Festival of Fast-Breaking),.,Equally important in the Muslim calendar is,Eid,al-,Adha,(aka,Corban,Bairam,-the Great Feast),which celebrates the willingness of Ibrahim(Abraham,亚伯拉罕,)to obey God and sacrifice his son.,A crescent moon can be seen over palm trees at sunset in Manama,Bahrain,marking the beginning of the Muslim month of Ramadan,Other Festivals,Thanks for Attention,