第七章 体 温 - 西北大学课程.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chapter 9 Body Temperature (,体 温,),1.Body temperature,mean core temperature,body temperature normal values,（）,armpit temperature 36.0-37.4,(,腋温,),nonnasality temperature 36.7-37.7,(,口腔温,),rectum temperature 36.9-37.9,(,直肠温,),The normal change of the body temperature,(,体温的正常变动,),：,1).Circadian rhythm(,昼夜节律,),morning afternoon,2).Sex,female male,3).Age,enfant elder,4).Muscle activity,5,).Other factors,Emotion,Diet,Environment,temperature,2.Heat,balance(,体热平衡,),(1)Heat,production(,产热过程,),Sources of heat,Basal Metabolism(,基础代谢,),Muscle activity,(at discretion,、,shivering,随意、寒战,）,Special dynamic action of foods,(,食物特殊动力作用,),(2)Heat,loss(,散热过程,),Heat loss organs,：,skin,respiratory tract(,呼吸道,),digestive tract(,消化道,),urethra(,泌尿道,),Loss,of heat by radiation conduction and convection(,辐射、传导和对流散热,),方式 原 理 影 响 因 素 应 用,辐射 热射线 肤气温差,.,有效面积,(,正变,),空 调,传导 直接传递 肤物温差,.,导热度,(,正变,),冰袋降温,对流 直接传递 肤气温差,.,风速,(,正变,),电扇降温,Loss,of heat by evaporation (,蒸发散热,),Influence factors,：,skin temperature,、,the rate of sweating(,正变,),、,humidity(,反变,),肤温、汗量,(,正变,),、湿度,(,反变,),Application,：,loss of heat by evaporation of sweat,(,发汗降温,),The type of the evaporation:,Insensible perspiration,(,不感蒸发,),Sensible perspiration,(,可感蒸发,),Sweating,(,发汗,),（,气温,皮肤温度时，蒸发是唯一的散热方式,),Skin temperature(,皮肤温度,),It lies on blood flow of skin,(,取决于皮肤血流量,):,1.,动脉穿透隔热组织在乳头下层形成动脉网,2.,皮下,Cap,异常弯曲并进而形成丰富的静脉网,3.,皮下有大量的,A-V,吻合支,Sweating(,发汗,),：,Centrum(,中枢,),：,CNS(,中枢神经系统,),（,chief,centrum,：,hypothalamus,下丘脑,）,Types,：,thermal sweating,；,spirituality sweating,Sweat gland,:eccrine gland,；,apocrine gland,(,小汗腺,)(,大汗腺,),(,温热性发汗,),(,精神性发汗,),Characteristic of the sweat(,汗液特点,),：,hypotonic(,低渗,),hypertonic dehydration(,高渗性脱水,),（,只补水可致低渗性脱水,),heavy sweat(,大汗,),The speed of sweating lies on(,发汗速度取决于,):,Environment,temperature (,正变）,Humidity influence,(,正变）,Wind speed (,反变）,Work intensity,（,正变）,3.,Thermoregulation(,体温调节,),(1)Thermoreceptor,(,温度感受器,),Peripheral,thermoreceptor,(,外周温度感受器,),（,皮肤、粘膜、内脏,),Central,temperature receptors,(,中枢温度感受器,),：,spinal cord,、,medulla,、,brain stem,、,reticulum,、,hypothalamus,（,脊髓、延髓、脑干、网状结构、下丘脑）,warm-sensitive neuron(,热敏神经元,),cold-sensitive neuron(,冷敏神经元,),preoptic,-anterior hypothalamus area,PO,AH,(,视前区,-,下丘脑前部,),(2)Temperature-regulation,Centers,（,体温调节中枢）,Basic centers(,基本中枢,):,H,ypothalamus,(,下丘脑,),(PO,AH is the center part of conformity,PO,AH,为整合的中心部位,),Set-point(,调定点,):,All the temperature control mechanisms continually attempt to bring the body temperature back to certain level,this crucial temperature level is called the“set-point”(37),。,(,调节体温于恒定水平的规定数值。,37,),Fig.7-5,多方输入,阶层整合,多方输出,spinal cord,(,脊髓,),脑干网状结构,hypothalamus,(,下丘脑,),Peripheral,R,(,外周,R),Center R,(,中枢,R),VNS,body N,(,躯体,N),incretion system,(,内分泌系统,),(3)The,Regulation Process (,调节过程,),1.Enter into Chapter10,Osmoregulatory,and excretion-kidney physiology(,渗透调节与排泄,-,肾脏生理,),2.Back“introduction”,3.Over,4,.Back to menu,