博士医学英语阅读修订版.ppt

Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,LOGO,Medial English Reading for PhD,刘帅,(13760686706,legend2532),Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Assessment of the Course,Class Grades,:(10 points),Class Attendance,In-Class Activities,Assignment,Final Examination,:(35 points),Medial English Reading Comprehension(20 points),Medical English(15 points),Requirements for the Course,Do not be late and leave early,Theory is something but practice is everything,Critical suggestion is warmly welcomed,Unit 1,An Introduction to TCM,What is TCM?,Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)is a scientific summary,of the rich experience of the Chinese nations struggle against,disease for thousands of years.It is one of the oldest and,strongest traditional medical system in the history of the world.,Deeply influenced by the thoughts of ancient Chinese philosophy,and culture,TCM applies,dialectical thinking,to research on the,laws of a human beings life activities,from a macroscopic and,systemic point of view,.Chairman Mao said“Traditional Chinese,Medicine is a great treasure-house and should be explored and,improved diligently.”,Concise History of TCM,The origin of TCM may be traced back to remote antiquity,but it is universally acknowledged that TCM history was,recorded from the time of the,Warring States,to the Qin and,Han Dynasties,or from approximately the 5,th,century BC to,the 2nd century AD.During this period,the four great,classics of TCM,i.e.,Huangdi Neijing,(The Yellow,Emperors Internal Canon of Medicine),Nanjing,(Canon on,Medical Problems),Shennong Bencao Jing,(Shennongs,Canon on Materia Medica),and,Shanghan Zabing,Lun,(Treatise on Exogenous Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease),were written.,Their creation marked the establishment of the TCM,theoretical system.,Huandi Neijing,the“bible”for traditional,Chinese medicine published over 2000 years ago,is the,earliest and greatest medical classic extant in China.The,book consists of two distinct books.The first one is calledSu,Wen,(Plain Conversation),and the second is,Ling Shu,(Miraculous Pivot).,The former chiefly discuss the basic laws,of the human boys normal and abnormal life activities,while,the latter mainly elucidates the doctrine of the meridian,as,well as the essential techniques of acupuncture and,moxibustion.,Nanjing,deals mainly with basic theory of traditional,Chinese medicine,such as physiology,pathology,diagnosis and treatment of disease,and so on.It has,supplemented what,Huangdi Neijing lacks,.Shennong,Bencao Jing,the,earliest book on meteria medica in,China,appeared in about the period of Qin and Han,Dynasty with its authorship unknown.It not only lists 365,medicinal items,among which 252 are herbs,67 are,animals,and 46 are minerals,but also divides them into,three grades according to their different priorities and,effects.,In the Han Dynasty,Zhang Zhongjing,an outstanding,physician,wroteShanghan Zabing Lun,.It was complied,into two separated books by the later generations,one,which is entitled,Shanghan Lun(Treatise on Exogenous,Febrile Disease),and the other,Jingui Yaolue(Synopsis,for the Golden Chamber).,This book has established the,principle of syndrome differentiation,thereby laying a,foundation for the development of clinical medicine.,Dynasty,Physician,Work(s),Significance,Jin,Wangxi,The Pulse Classic,Systematize the theory of ancient sphygmology(,脉学,),Western Jin,Huangfu Mi,A-B Classis of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,Shows the achievements of acupuncture and moxibustion up to Jin Dynasty,Sui,Chao,Yuan-fang,et al,General Treatise on Etiology and Symptomatology of Various Disease,(,诸病源侯论,),The earliest monograph on pathology and symptomatology,Dynasty,Physician,Work(s),Significance,Tang,Su Jing,et al,Tang Bencao(Newly-Revised Materia Medica),The first pharmacopoeia sponsored officially in ancient China,the earliest pharmacopoeia in the world,Tang,Sun Simiao(the king of medicine),Valuable Prescription for Emergencies;Supplement to Valuable Prescription for Emergencies,The representative comprehensive medical literature published in Tang Dynasty,Song,(1)Qian Yi2)Chen Ziming,(1)Key to Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Children Diseases,(2)The Complete Effective Prescription for Woman,Important works on TCM Pediatrics and Gynecology/Obstetrics in history,Dynasty,Physician,School,Claim,Jin,Liu Wansu,The school of cold and cool,(,寒凉派,),“fire and heat”were the main causes of a variety of disease and the disease should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature,Jin,Zhang Congzheng,The school of purgation,(,攻下派,),all diseases were caused by exogenous pathogenic factors and advocated the means of diaphoresis,emesis and purgation,Jin-Yuan,Li Gao,The school of invigorating the earth,(,补土派,),“Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring about various disease”,tonify the spleen and stomach to reinforce Qi and elevate Yang,Yuan,Zhu Zhenheng,The school of nourishing yin(,滋阴派,),“yang is usu.redundant while yin is frequently deficient”nourishing Yi to subdue pathogenic fire,Dynasty,Physician,Work(s),Significance,Ming,Li Shizhen,Compendium of Materia Medica,52 volumes,1892 medical herbs,11096 prescriptions and over 1100 illustrations of medical items,Qing,Wang Qingren,Correction of Medicine,(Yilin Gaicuo),The book rectify the mistakes made in ancient medical books about human anatomy,further developed the pathogenesis due to blood stagnation(,血淤,),中医术语汉英翻译,一、中医功效语的翻译,二、方剂名的翻译,一、中医功效语的翻译,（一）译成两个并列的英语动词短语,(V-ing+N.+V-ing+N.),利咽消肿,relieving sore-throat and diminishing swelling,清暑化湿,clearing away summer-heat and eliminating dampness,清热利尿,reducing fever and causing diuresis(,利尿，多尿,),清肺养阴,nourishing the lung and preserving its yin essence,益气生津,supplementing qi and promoting the production of body,fluid,清热润肺,clearing away heat and nourishing the lung,疏风醒脑,eliminating headache and refreshing,生津化痰,promoting the production of body fluid and,resolving phlegm(,痰,),清热解毒,clearing heat and detoxifying,Exercise:,1.,疏风醒脑,2.,生津化痰,3.,清热解毒,除湿止痒,removing dampness to relieve itching,活血通络,promoting blood circulation to remove obstruction in the channels,（二）译成带目的状语的动词短语,(V-ing+to+V.+N.),清热消食,removing pathological heat to promote digestion,散寒止呕,expelling cold to relieve vomiting,润肠通便,loosening the bowel to relieve constipation(,便秘,),Exercise:1.,除湿止痒,2.,活血通络,（三）译成带方式状语的动词短语,(V-ing+N.+by+V-ing+N.),安心养神,tranquilizing the mind by nourishing the heart,补肾滋阴,enrich the kidney by replenishing vital essence,利胆退黄,curing jaundice by normalizing functioning of,the gallbladder,散寒平喘,relieving wheezing by dispelling cold,清热排脓,eliminating pus by clearing away heat,理气通便,relieving constipation by regulating the flow of qi,人参具有养血复脉，养心安神，补肺定喘，健脾止泻，,托毒合疮等多种功能。,Ginseng has the functions of recovering pulse,condition by nourishing the blood,tranquilizing the,mind by nourishing the heart,relieving wheezing by,nourishing the lung,stopping diarrhea by invigorating,the spleen,healing ulcer by expelling toxin.,二、方剂名称的翻译,一、根据药料取名的方剂,1.,根据方中君药取名的方剂：,翻译规律：君药,+,剂型,人参汤,Ginseng Decoction,大柴胡汤,Large Bupleuri Decoction,乌梅饮,Mume Decoction,黄芩汤,Radix Scutellariae Decoction,桂枝汤,Ramulus Cinnamomi Decoction,2.,根据方中君药臣药取名的方剂：君药臣药,+,剂型,大黄牡丹汤,Rhei and Moutan Radicis Decoction,桑菊饮,Mori and Chrysanthemum Decotion,二、根据主治病症取名的方剂,翻译规律：病名,+,剂型,阴虚丸,Yin Asthenic Pill,温脾汤,Spleen-warming Decoction,消风散,Wind-dispersing Powder,回春丹,Resuscitation Pill,三、根据药物功效取名的方剂,保和丸,Digestion-promoting Pill,泻白散,Lung-Heat Expelling Powder,温脾汤,Spleen-warming Decoction,败毒散,Anti-phlogistic Powder,抗白喉合剂,Anti-Diphtheria Mixture,四：根据主药料,+,功效取名,翻译规律,:(1),主药料,+,剂型,+for+,功效（名词或动名词短语）,当归补血汤,Angelica Sinensis Decoction for Nourishing Blood,百合固金汤,Lilli Decoction for Strengthening Lung,朱砂安神丸,Cinnabaris Pill for Tranquilization,(2),剂型,+of+,主药料,+for+,功效（名词或动名词短语）,安宫牛黄丸,Bolus of Calculus Boris for Resurrection,牛黄清心丸,Bolus of Calculus Boris for Clearing Away Heart-fire,藿香正气水,Syrup of Herba Agasrachis for Restoring Healthy,Energy,甘草泻心汤,Decoction of Radix Glycyrrhiza for Purging,Stomach-fire,剂型的翻译：,丸：,bolus(,大丸,),、,pellet(,小丸,),、,pill(,通用,),片：,tablet,散：,powder,油膏：,paste,、,ointment,、,salve,流浸膏：,lipid extract,煎膏：,decocted paste,硬膏：,plaster,丹：,pill,汤：,decoction,浆、露：,syrup,XXXXXXXX,性状,：本品为棕褐色大蜜丸；气特异，味甘，微苦,主要,成分：略,功能,：益气养血，镇静安神，化痰熄风,主治,：气血不足，痰热上扰引起：胸中郁热，惊悸虚烦，头 目,眩晕，中风不语，口眼歪斜，半身不遂，言语不清，神智昏迷，,痰涎壅盛。,用法用量,：口服，一次,1-2,丸，一日,2,次；小儿酌减,注意,：孕妇慎服,规格,：略,贮藏,：略,Thank You!,