汉语小说英译.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,汉语小说英译,关于风格,柏拉图从修辞学的角度研究风格,他认为风格是语言的特点,是语言美,语文风格怎样,要看心灵的性格。,法国作家布封说,:“,风格就是其人。”他认为风格属于本人的行文特点,是别人不能代替的。福楼拜则说,:“,不但风格就是其人,而且还是一个具体的活生生、有血有肉的人。”,英国著名作家斯威夫特则认为风格是“,proper words in proper places”,。,关于风格,中国的成语“文如其人”说明了作家的人品、创作个性决定作品的风格。,现代汉语词典,对风格一词的解释是,:,一个时代、一个民族、一个流派或一个人的文艺作品所表现的主要思想特点和艺术特色。,此外，中西方都有一系列的术语来表明风格是对思想内容表达的艺术性,:,平淡,(plain),自然,(natural),凝练,(terse),直率,(direct),明朗,(clear),流畅,(smooth),，典雅,(elegance),，等等。,作品的风格是作家艺术个性的存在形式。,把握风格的特点,第一，作家的个性风格与作品的特色都具有外在的表现形式,这是客观存在的现象。,风格的显性语言标志是语音、词汇和语法,这三者是构成风格的基础。修辞特征也是风格的表现。,不同的作家运用语言的特征不一样，有的钟情长句,有的偏爱短句,;,有的文字通俗,;,有的文笔豪放,有的文笔简练。,第二，作家的风格还表现在作品的时代背景、思想内容、人物个性、和作者的写作意图等方面，它们往往隐含于作品的字里行间，需要译者做细致深入的研究，这是风格的隐性特征。,1,）那时恰是暗夜，一队兵，一队团丁，一队警察，五个侦探，悄悄地到了未庄，乘昏暗围住土谷祠，正对门架好机关枪；然而阿,Q,不冲出。,It happened to be a dark night.A squad of soldiers,a squad of militia,a squad of police,and five secret servicemen made their way quietly to Weizhuang and,after posting a machine-gun opposite the entrance,under cover of darkness surrounded the Tutelary Gods Temple.But Ah Q did not bolt for it.,许多时没有动静，把总焦急起来了，悬了二十千的赏，才有两个团丁冒了险，逾坦进去，里应外合，一拥而入，将阿,Q,抓出来；直待擒出祠外面的机关枪附近，他才有些清醒了。,For a long time nothing stirred till the captain,losing patience,offered a reward of twenty thousand cash.Only then did two militiamen summon up courage to jump over the wall and enter.With their co-operation the others rushed in and dragged Ah Q out.But not until he had been carried out of the temple to somewhere near the machine-gun did he begin to wake up to what was happening.(,杨宪益译文,),2,）,那时恰是暗夜，一队兵，一队团丁，一队警察，五个侦探，悄悄地到了未庄，乘昏暗围住土谷祠，正对门架好机关枪；然而阿,Q,不冲出。,In the dark night a,company,of soldiers,a company of militia,a company of police,and five,spies,quietly made their way to Weizhuang and under cover of darkness,surrounded,Tugu Temple,.They put up a machine gun directly facing the door;but still Ah Q did not rush out.,许多时没有动静，把总焦急起来了，悬了二十千的赏，才有两个团丁冒了险，逾坦进去，里应外合，一拥而入，将阿,Q,抓出来；直待擒出祠外面的机关枪附近，他才有些清醒了。,When there,was no movement,for a long time,the captain,being,highly excited,offered a reward of,twenty,dollars,and it was not until then that two of the local militia took the risk,climbed over the wall,and entered.Thus,working from within and from without,the whole mass crowded in and extracted Ah Q,but not until he had been dragged out of Tugu Temple and brought near the machine gun did he become,slightly awakened,.,(,香港译文,),分析原作不难看出其语言特点都是短句，结构简单易懂，用词朴素，偏口语化，描绘形象生动。,篇幅虽然短小，讽刺手法的运用却非常明晰，反应了作者对整个抓捕行动的态度。,警察一方是声势浩大，阿,Q,一方则是懵懂不知。读者自然会质疑：抓一个人用得着如此大动干戈吗,?,两段译文都传达了原文的语意。,译文二有两处误译，一是“把总焦急起来了”中的“焦急”被译为“,being highly excited”,（非常激动或兴奋的）；二是“悬了二十千的赏”中的“二十千”被译为“,twenty dollars”,；,其次，译者的有些用词非常值得推敲。比如“一队”被译为“,company”,（团体）这个中性词，表示团队,(a group of persons),，而杨译为“,squad”,意指一小组警官,(a small unit of police officers),更为具体，更符合上下文意。,再如“土谷祠”被译为“,Tugu Temple”,，且没有脚注和尾注，这样译文读者就无法理解“,Tugu Temple”,到底为何种寺庙，杨译“,the Tutelary Gods Temple”,更准确地传递了原作的文化内涵；,“没有动静”译为“,there was no movement”,显得机械、生硬，因为“,movement”,是指“,the act or an instance of moving;a change in place or position”,仍是一个中性词；而杨译“,nothing stirred”,中“,stir”,有“,to take place;happen”,或“,to change position slightly”,之意，比译文二更为地道生动。,围城,这条法国邮船白拉日隆子爵号正向中国开来。早晨八点多钟，冲洗过的三等舱甲板湿意未干，但已坐立了人，法国人，德国流亡出来的尤太人、印度人、,安南人,，不用说还有中国人。海风里早含着燥热，胖人身体给风吹干了，蒙上一层汗结的盐霜，仿佛刚在巴勒斯坦的死海里洗过澡。,The French liner,the Vicomte de Thagelonne,was on its way to China.,Some time,after eight in the morning,the third-class deck,still damp from swabbing,was already filled with passengers standing and sitting,about,-the French,Jewish refugees from Germany,the Indians,the Vietnamese,and needless to say,the Chinese.The ocean breeze carried with it an,arid heat,;the,scorching,wind,blew dry,the bodies of fat people and covered them with a frosty layer of salt congealed with sweat,as though fresh from a bath in the Dead Sea in Palestine.,俾斯麦曾说过，法国,公使大使,的特点，就是一句外国话不会讲；这几个警察并不懂德文，居然传情达意，引得尤太女人格格地笑，比他们的外交官强多了。这女人的漂亮丈夫，在旁顾而乐之，因为几天来，香烟、啤酒、柠檬水,沾光了,不少。,Bismarck once remarked that what distinguished French ambassadors and,ministers,was that they couldnt,speak a word of,any foreign language,but these policemen,although they did not understand any German,managed to,get their meaning across,well enough to provoke giggles from the Jewish woman,thus,proving themselves far superior to,their diplomats.The womans handsome husband,who was standing nearby,watched with pleasure,since for the last few days he had been,enjoying the large quantities of,cigarettes,beer,and lemonade that had been,coming his way,.,棋王,我第二天又去找老头儿，说我看不懂，他哈哈一笑，说他先给我说一段儿，提个醒儿。他一开说，把我吓了一跳。原来开宗明义，是讲,男女,的事儿，我说这是,四旧,。,When I went to see him the next day and told him I couldnt understand it he burst out laughing.He said hed explain a,passage,to give me a clue.Once he started explaining I had quite a shock.It started off,with an opening statement,that it was all about,sex,.I said that it was one of the“,four olds,”.,老头儿叹了，说什么是旧？我这每天捡烂纸是不是在捡旧？可我回去把它们分门别类，卖了钱，养活自己，不是新？又说咱们中国道家讲阴阳，这开篇是借男女讲阴阳之气。阴阳之,气,相游相交,，,初不可太盛,，太盛则折，,折就是折断的折,。,What was old,he asked with a sign.Wasnt the waste paper I collected every day old?But when I took it home I sorted it out and sold it for money to buy the food to support myself.Wasnt that new?Then he said that Chinas Taoists talked a lot about the Yin and the Yang.That opening chapter was using male and female to explain the Yin and the Yang.The Yin and the Yang,principles,sometimes,move apart,and sometimes,join together,.You mustnt be,too given to,winning.,If you win too much you break,.,译者有时会发现有的作品的语言形式特征不够明显，难以模仿；或者原作的语言特点属于译出语所特有的语言特征，无法在译入语中找到对等词或句。,在这种情况下，译者应从总体上把握原作的精神，即作品中最典型的隐性特征，敢于大胆调整原文的句式和其他语言特征，采用加译、省略等基本翻译方法，使译文既符合译入语的行文习惯。,走下神坛的毛泽东,她写正楷字写得好，,又会写文章,。毛泽东夸奖过她的字。李讷练字，毛泽东说：“我的字不行，她妈妈的字好，,叫她妈妈写字帖，照她妈妈的练,。”李讷就是,以江青的字为字帖,，,练出一笔好字。现在李讷的书法也是比较出色的,。,Jiang Qings handwriting was excellent,especially when she used the regular script.,Speaking of,Li Ne learning calligraphy,Mao once said,“Im not a calligrapher,her mother is.She,qualifies to teach her penmanship,.”So Li Ne owes her training in calligraphy to her mother,and she is now a good,artist,too.,打沙家店，毛泽东三天两夜不出屋，,不上床,。,就是人们常说的,“,运筹帷幄，决胜千里,”。歼灭钟松的,36,师，俘敌,6,千余人。战斗结束后，毛泽东对我说：“银桥，你想想办法，帮我搞碗红烧肉来,好不好,？要肥点的。”我说：“打了这么,大的,胜仗，,吃碗红烧肉还不应该？,我马上去。”,During the battle at Shajiadian,Mao did not leave his room for three days and two nights,nor did he,sleep a wink,.When victory was wonwith the annihilation of the enemys 36 division and more than 6000 enemy troops captured,Mao said to me,“,Try,to get me a bowl of stewed pork,Yinqiao.And make it fat.”“Thats the least you deserve for such a victory,”I said.“Ill get it right away.”,小林，这么说吧，一个木字是独木，两个木字就成了你那个林，三个木变成巨大的森林时，那么，狂风再也吹不倒它们。（,青春之歌,),See,Tao-ching,its like this.,The character,mu,is only,a single tree,but two of them make a wood like your name,and three,or more,form a huge forest that no storm or wind can destroy.,原作的语言非常有特点，木、林、森这三个汉字由其构成象征独木、树林和森林。,要想彻底表达原文含义，可能要把这三个汉字原样引入译文，并要加以注解。但是那样又破坏了译文的流畅性，笔者以为不妨采用省译的方法，将“字”去掉A single tree does not make a wood unless it is joined by another,，,and three or more form a huge forest that no storm or wind can destroy.”,如此，虽然有部分语义缺失，却不会造成误解甚至不解。,当他六岁时，他爹就教他识字。识字课本既不是,五经,、,四书,，也不是常识国语，而是从天干、地支、五行、八卦、六十四卦名等学起，进一步便学些,百中经,、,增删卜易,、,麻衣神相,、,奇门遁甲,、,阴阳宅,等书。（赵树理,小二黑结婚,）,译文：,When he was six,his father started teaching him some characters from books on the,art of fortune-telling,rather than the,Chinese classics,.,原文中包括了汉语文化含义词,五经,、,四书,、天干、地支、五行、八卦、六十四卦名、,百中经,、,增删卜易,、,麻衣神相,、,奇门遁甲,和,阴阳宅,。,显然，英语中难以找到或者根本找不到替代词，如果采用仿译或加注译无疑都要大费周折，而且会影响原小说上下文的叙述重点。因此，译者采用了两个概括词“,books on the art of fortune-telling”,和“,the Chinese classics”,一带而过。,鲁镇的酒店的格局，是和别处不同的：都是当街一个曲尺形的大柜台，柜里面预备着热水，可以随时温酒。,(,鲁迅,孔乙己,),The wine shops in Luzhen are not like those in other parts of China.They all have a right-angled counter facing the street,where hot water is kept ready for warming wine.,（香港译文）,The lay-out of Luzhens taverns is unique.In each,facing you as you enter,is a bar in the shape of a carpenters square where hot water is kept ready warming rice wine.,（杨宪益译）,译文一只是追求语言形式上的完全对等，两句话读起来显得松散。对比而言，译文二的功底之深实在令人惊叹。,在吃透原文的基础上，他做了大胆的调整，原文是一个总分结构句子，译文中有加译词语“,in each”,，有叙述视点的转移,“facing you as you enter”,将读者引入故事做了看客，有几处转译：前半句中的否定句转译为肯定句，原文中“曲尺形”转译为“,in the shape of a carpenters square”,。这种译法符合英语行文习惯，读来浑然一体。,