《计算机专业英语》Unit-5-What-is-Operating-System.ppt

Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Unit 5 What is Operating System?,Contents,Learning Objectives,1,Words&Expressions,2,Text,3,Exercises,4,Learning,Objectives,After you have read this unit,you should be familiar with:,1The main functions of the operating system,2.The categories of the operating system,Words&Expressions,operating system,n.,操作系统,environment,n.,环境,外界,execute,vt.,执行,实行,完成,处死,制成,律,经签名盖章等手续使,(,证书,),生效,resource,n.,资源,财力,办法,智谋,management,n.,经营,管理,处理,操纵,驾驶,手段,Netware,n.,Novell,公司出的网络操作系统,embedded,adj.,植入的深入的,内含的,host,n.,vt.,主人,旅馆招待 许多,当主人招待,主机,GPS,abbr.,Global Position System,全球定位系统,single-user,n.,计,单用户访问,multi-user,n.,计,多用户,distributed,adj.,分布式的,time-sharing,n.,计,分时,real-time,adj.,计,实时的,接到指示立即执行的,smart,adj.,智能的,聪明的,Text,What is Operating System?,An operating system acts as an intermediary between the user of a computer and the computer hardware.The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a convenient and efficient manner.An operating system is software that manages the computer hardware.The hardware must provide appropriate mechanisms to ensure the correct operation of the computer system and to prevent user programs from interfering with the proper operation of the system.,Text,Who are charged with operating systems such as management and configuration of memory,system resources,supply and demand determine the priorities,controlling input and output devices,operation and management of network file systems and other basic services.Operating system is to manage the computer system all the hardware resources,including software resources and data resources;control program is running;to improve the human-machine interface;to provide support for other applications,so that the computer system to maximize the role of all the resources to provide users with a convenient,effective,friendly service interface.,Text,The operating system of a large computer system has even more work to do.Such operating systems monitor different programs and users,making sure everything runs smoothly,without interference,despite the fact that numerous devices and programs are used simultaneously.An operating system also has a vital role to play in security.Its job includes preventing unauthorized users from accessing the computer system.,The operating system is a huge management control procedures,broadly include the following five aspects of management functions:process and processor management,operations management,storage management,device management,document management.,Text,At present a common PC operating systems are DOS,OS/2,UNIX,XENIX,LINUX,Windows,Netware and so on.However,all operating systems with concurrency and shared,virtual and uncertainty four basic features.,The patterns are very diverse operating systems;OS can be installed on different machines from simple to complex,from the phones embedded systems to largescale supercomputer operating system.Many operating systems,the definition of manufacturer of the OS is not much consensus,for example,that some OS integrated graphical user interface,and some OS to use only a text interface,while the graphical interface as a non-essential applications.,Text,Categories,At present a wide range of operating systems,it is difficult to,use a,single,standard uniform classification.,Depending on the application to divide the area can be divided into the desktop operating systems,server operating systems,host operating systems,embedded operating system.An embedded operating system is an operating system for embedded computer systems.These operating systems are designed to be very compact and efficient,forsaking many functions that non-embedded computer operating systems provide,and which may not be used by the specialized applications they run.They are frequently also real-time operating systems.,Text,Examples of embedded operating systems could include the software used in Automated Teller Machines,Cash Registers,CCTV systems,TV box set,GPS,jukeboxes,etc.,According to the number of users supported can be divided into single-user(MSDOS,OS/2),multi-user systems(UNIX,MVS,Windows).A multiuser operating system enables multiple users to run programs simultaneously.This type of operating system may be used for just a few people or hundreds of them.In fact,there are some operating systems that are used to allow thousands of people to run programs at the same time.,According to the hardware structure,can be divided into network operating system(Netware,Windows NT,OS/2 warp),a distributed system(Amoeba),multimedia system(Amiga).,Text,A network operating system(NOS)is a computer operating system that is designed primarily to support workstation,personal computer,and,in some instances,older terminal that are connected on a local area network(LAN).Artisofts LANtastic,Banyan VINES,Novells NetWare,and Microsofts LAN Manager are examples of network operating systems.In addition,some multi-purpose operating systems,such as Windows NT and Digitals OpenVMS come with capabilities that enable them to be described as a network operating system.,A network operating system provides printer sharing,common file system and database sharing,application sharing,and the ability to manage a network name directory,security,and other housekeeping aspects of a network.,Text,According to the operating system on the operational use of the environment and the approach in mind,and batch processing systems can be divided into(MVX,DOS/VSE),time-sharing system(Linux,UNIX,XENIX,Mac OS),real-time systems(iEMX,VRTX,RTOS,RT WINDOWS).Real-time operating systems are designed to allow computers to process and respond to input instantly.Usually,general-purpose operating systems,such as disk operating system(DOS),are not considered real time,as they may require seconds or minutes to respond to input.Real-time operating systems are typically used when computers must react to the consistent input of information without delay.For example,real-time operating systems may be used in navigation.,Text,According to the technical complexity of the operating system can be divided into a simple operating system,smart operating system.The so-called simple operating system,refer to the initial configuration of computer operating systems,such as IBMs disk operating system DOS/360 and micro-computers operating system CP/M and so on.The main function of such operating system is to operate the command execution,file services,and support high-level programming language compilers and control of external equipment.,Text,Exercises,1.Answer the following question according to the text.,(1)What are management functions of operating system?,(2)What is main function of simple operating system?,(3)What does a network operating system provide?,(4)What is the purpose of an operating system?,(5)What is operating system to manage?,2.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:,(1)desktop operating systems,(7),网络操作系统,(2)server operating systems,(8),多媒体操作系统,(3)host operating systems,(9),分布式操作系统,(4)embedded operating system,(10),分时操作系统,(5)single-user system,(11),实时操作系统,(6)smart operating system,(12),多用户操作系统,key,Exercises,3.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:,(1)An,operating systems are designed to be very compact and efficient,forsaking many functions that non-embedded computer operating systems provide,and which may not be used by the specialized applications they run.,(2),operating system enables multiple users to run programs simultaneously.,(3)Depending on the,to divide the area can be divided into the desktop operating systems,server operating systems,host operating systems,embedded operating system.4)_operating systems are designed to allow computers to process and respond to input instantly.,(5)According to the_structure,can be divided into network operating system(Netware,Windows NT,OS/2 warp),a distributed system(Amoeba),multimedia system(Amiga).,key,Exercises,4.Choose the best one from the items given below to complete the following passage.,Applications put computers to practical business _,（,1,）,_,but below the _,（,2,）,_ its the heart of an operating system-the kernel-that provides the technical wizardry to juggle multiple programs,connect to networks and store _(3)_.A traditional kernel provides all the functions for applications.The kernel _(4)_ memory,I/O devices and parcels out processor time.The kernel also supports security and fault _(5)_,which is the ability to recover automatically when parts of the system fail.,(1)A.used B.use C.applyD.applied,(2)A.earth B.bottomCtableD.surface,(3)A.graphics B.data C.textD.image,(4)A.manages B.manageC.managedD.managing,(5)A.error B.questionC.toleranceD.problem,key,Exercises,5.Mark the following statements with T(true)or F(false)according to the text.,(1)An operating system acts as an intermediary between the user of a computer and the computer hardware.,(2)According to the hardware structure,can be divided into network operating system,a distributed system,multimedia system.,(3)UNIX isnt a kind of multi-user systems.,(4)According to the technical complexity of the operating system can be divided into time-sharing system,real-time systems.,(5)Operating system is to manage the computer system all the hardware resources,key,Exercises,6.Select the one answer to each question.,(1)Which of the following is the most important type of computer system software.?_,A.Operating system,B.DBMS,C.Application software,D.IE,(2)18.Where is the operating system loaded when a computer is powered on?_,A.buffer B.RAM,C.ROM D.hard disk,Exercises,(3)An operating system is _that manages the computer hardware,A.software,B.Application software,C.browser,D.register,(4)Which of the following is not a kind of multi-user systems?_,A.UNIX,B.MVS,C.Windows,D.MSDOS,Exercises,(5)GPS stands for_.,A.Global Position System,B.Global Pointer System,C.Global Hospital System,D.Global Positioned System,(6)An operating system acts as an intermediary between the _of a computer and the computer _.,A.user;hardware,B.user;software,C.user;printer,D.user;keyboard,key,Exercises,7.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.,An operating system acts as an intermediary between the user of a computer and the computer hardware.The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a convenient and efficient manner.An operating system is software that manages the computer hardware.The hardware must provide appropriate mechanisms to ensure the correct operation of the computer system and to prevent user programs from interfering with the proper operation of the system.Who are charged with operating systems such as management and configuration of memory,system resources,supply and demand determine the priorities,controlling input and output devices,operation and management of network file systems and other basic services.,key,Exercises,(1),桌面操作系统,(7)network operating system,(2),服务器操作系统,(8)multi-user systems,(3),主机操作系统,(9)distributed system,(4),嵌入式操作系统,(10)time-sharing system,(5)单用户操作系统,(11)Real-time operating systems,(6),智能操作系统,(12)multiuser operating system,1.,略,2.,3.(1),embedded,(2),A multiuser,(3),application,(4),Real-time,(5),hardware,4.(1)B (2)D (3)B (4)A (5)C,5.(1)T (2)T (3)F (4)F (5)T,6.(,1)A (2)B (3)A (4)D (5)A (6)A,7.,操作系统是计算机用户和计算机硬件的中介。操作系统的目的是提供一种环境，使用户可以方便、有效地执行程序。操作系统是可以管理硬件的软件。硬件必须提供适当的机制以确保计算机系统的正常运行，并防止用户程序对正常系统操作的干扰。操作系统身负诸如管理与配置内存、决定系统资源供需的优先次序、控制输入与输出设备、操作网络与管理文件系统等基本事务。,Thank You!,