第五部分语法及练习1.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit5,交通,Transport,一、几个需要掌握的概念,1,、及物动词,(vt.):,必须接宾语的动词，如：,make do like,等。,China can make a car.,2,、不及物动词,(vi):,不能接宾语的动词，如：,go walk listen,等。,He listened but heard nothing.,时态,几个需要掌握的概念,3,、动词的形式,原形 现在式 过去式 过去分词 现在分词,do do/does did done doing,watch watch(es)watched watched watching,work work(s)worked worked working,get get/gets got got getting,过去式，过去分词规律变化,1,）,Verb+ed:,develop-developed,play-played-played,2,）辅音,+y,，将,y,改为,i+ed:,study-studied-studied,denydenieddenied,【,说明,】,元音字母,+y,直接,+ed,。,playplayed,现在分词规律变化,Verb+ing:,workworking do-doing,2),以,ie,结尾的动词，将,ie,改成,y+ing:,diedying lielying,3),以重读闭音节,结尾的,动词,应双写末尾,的,辅音,字母，再加,+ing,：,put-putting run-running,begin-beginning stop-stopping,1,、,一般现在时的用法,动词结构：用动词现在式,经常性或习惯性的动作。,时间状语：,often always usually every day sometimes,I leave home for school at 7 every morning.,客观真理，客观存在，格言或警句等。,The earth moves around the sun.,Shanghai lies in the east of China.,Pride goes before a fall.,骄者必败。,单数第三人称作主语，动词后需加,+s,或,es.,He likes English and studies English hard.,单数的动词变化规则：,(1),多数动词直接加,s:,runs gets likes,(2),结尾是,s,x,sh,ch,o,前为辅音字母,结尾加,es:,teaches goes washes crosses mixes brushes,(3),动词末尾,y,前为辅音,:,将,y,改为,i,加,es:,study,studies fly,flies,carry,carries cry,cries,注意,一般过去时的用法,动词结构：用动词过去式。,表示过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。,时间状语：,five days ago,the other day,just now,，,in 1982,yesterday morning(afternoon,evening),last night(week,month,year),等。,Where did you go just now?,I was in London in 1982.,常用过去时态的句型,It is time sb.did sth.,时间已迟了,早该,了,It is time you went to bed.,你早该睡觉了。,would(had)rather sb.did sth.,表示,宁愿某人做某事,Id rather you came tomorrow.,Sb.wish that sb.did.,I wish I knew you.,现在进行时用法,动词结构：,be+doing,表示现在,(,说话人说话时,),正在发生的事情,。,We are waiting for you now.,表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。,Mr.Green is writing another novel this year.说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。,),现在进行时用法,与,always,often,等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观感情色彩,。,You are always changing your mind.,（抱怨）,He is always helping others.,（表扬）,过去进行时,动词结构：,were/was+doing,用法：表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。,常见状语：,this time last night,，,at seven yesterday evening,What were you doing,at nine last night,They were playing football,at this time yesterday,.,go,come,leave,start,arrive,等表示移动的动词用于进行时态，可以表示将来的含义,。,I am leaving for Wuhan next week.,=I am going to leave for Wuhan next week.,She was coming soon.,The bus is coming.,提 示,一般将来时,构成及用法：,常用的两种结构,be going to+,动词原形,：,表示,近期,打算、准备做的事,。,shall/will+,动词原形,：,表示将要发生的动作,，,没有太多的计划性,。,【,说明,】shall,用于第一人称；,will,所有人称。,I am going to visit that factory next week.,I will visit that factory.,常见时间状语：,tomorrow,soon,next Monday,next year,next weekend,1,、,Shall I/we/he/they,？用于征求别人意见,Will/would you,?,Shall we go to the park?,Shall he come with us?,Will you come to my birthday party next week?,【,提示,】be about to+,不定式,马上做某事。,He is about to leave for Beijing.,提 示,提示,3,：,在时间或条件句中。,When Bill comes(,不是,will come),ask him to wait for me.,提示,4,：表示移动的动词,come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay,等，用于进行时态表示,将来,。,Im leaving tomorrow.,Are you staying here till next week?,过去将来时,基本结构：,was/were/going to+do,would/should+do,概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。,时间状语：,the next day(morning,year,),the following month(week,),He said he would go to Beijing the next week.,I didnt know if she would come.,I wasn,t sure whether he would do it.,现在完成时,基本结构：,have/has+,过去分词,【,提示,】,第三人称单数用,has,其余人称用,have,。,用法,:,表示动作从过去开始到现在已经完成，对现,在,会造成影响或结果。,时间状语,：,already,yet,ever,He has already come.,(,过去某时开始离开某地到这来，现在已在这,),现在完成时态,表示,动作从,过去已经开始，持续到现,在，并告一段落,。,时间状语,：,for three days(months,years),three times,since 1988 since three years ago,I have studied English,for six years,.,I have lived in Shenyang,since 1990.,I have seen the film,three times,【,提示,一,】,have/has gone to,去了,have/has been to,去过,He has been to Shenyang before.,Has he gone to Shenyang?,【,提示,二,】,瞬间动词,不能与状语连用,。,He has joined the army for a year.,（错）,He joined the army a year ago.,（正）,It is a year since he joined the army.,（正）,提 示,【,提示,三,】,用于现在完成时的句型,It is the first/second time,.,It is the first time that I have visited the city.,this is the,that,This is the best film that Ive(ever)seen.,it has been/is since,It has been/is three years since he joined the army.,过去完成时,基本结构：,had+done,基本概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即,“,过去的过去,”,时间状语：,before,by the end of,by the time,We had read four books,by the end of last month.,She said(that)she had never been to Paris,before.,When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.,过去完成时态,【,提示,】,过去完成时态句型,No soonerthan,一,就,Hardly.when,Scarcelywhen,Hardly had I entered the room when I found my bag.,No sooner had they run out of the room than it began to rain.,Good-bye!,