名词复数变化.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,名词复数变化,名词复数变化规则,：,1.,一般情况直接,+s,；,2.,以,s,x,ch,sh,结尾的单词，加,es;,名词复数变化规则,：,3.,以元音字母,+y,结尾的，直 接,+s;,如：,boy-boys,以辅音字母,+y,结尾的，把,y,变,i,再,+es;,如：,city-cities,4.,以字母,“,O,”,结尾的，有生命的,+es;,无生命的,+s;,常见的单词为：,tomato,西红柿,potato,土豆,hero,英雄,Negro,黑人,可总结为一句话：黑人英雄在西红柿地里吃土豆。,注以,oo,结尾的直接,+s,；,均可。如：,zero-zeros/zeroes,名词复数变化规则：,5.,以,f,fe,结尾的单词,(1),、变,f,或,fe,为,v,再加,-es,的,树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮；,架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙。,【,解释,】,在这些词中，由单数变复数时，须先将,f,或,fe,变为,v,再加,-es,变成复数，即：树叶,leaf-leaves,半数,half-halves,妻子,wife-wives,刀,knife-knives,架,shelf-shelves,狼,wolf-wolves,小偷,thief thieves,，生命,life-lives.以,f,fe,结尾的单词,(2),、直接在词尾加,-s,的,海湾农奴信酋长，悬崖证据藏顶房。,【,解释,】,在这些词中，由单数变复数时，直接在词尾加,-s,构成，即：,海湾（,gulf-gulfs,）农奴（,serf-serfs,）信任（,belief-beliefs,）酋长（,chief-chiefs,）悬崖（,cliff-cliffs,）证据（,proof-proofs,）顶房（即房顶、屋顶,roof-roofs,）,以,f,fe,结尾的单词,(3),、以上两种情况均可的,码头侏儒围围巾，手绢复数变二心。,【,解释,】,在这些词中，由单数变复数时，以上两种情况均可，即：,码头（,wharf,）侏儒（,dwarf,）围巾（,scarf,），手绢（,handkerchief,）复数,变二心,（即以上两种情况均可。,6.,不可数名词没有单复数变化；,7.,不规则变化,(1),变元音,man men,woman women,foot feet,goose geese,tooth teeth,(2),变词尾,mouse mice,，,louse-lice,ox oxen,child children,(3),不变,deer,sheep,fish,，,Chinese,Japanese,8.,国人变化规则：,中日不变，英法变，其他后面加,S,JapaneseJapanese,ChineseChinese,Englishman-Englishmen,FrenchmanFrenchmen,AmericanAmericans,German Germans,Swedish-Swedishes,9,：复合名词复数形式,(1),中间没有连字符的合成名词在词尾变复数,;,bookshelfbookshelves,bedroom-bedrooms,(2)man,和,woman,构成的复合名词，二者均变为复数。,man farmermen farmers woman teacherwomen teachers,(3),中间有连字符的合成词，在主体词,(,中心意义的词,),末尾变为复数。,sister-in-lawsisters-in-law,father-in-law-fathers-in-law,岳父,looker-onlookers-on,旁观者,editor-in-chiefeditors-in-chief,总编,(4),无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数,sit-insit-ins,静坐抗议,grown-upgrown-ups,成年人,passer-bypasser-bys,touch-me-nottouch-me-nots,凤仙花（含羞草）,go-betweengo-betweens,中间人,(5),以两个名词构成的复合名词,(,前面的名词为,man,或,woman,除外,)一般把后面的名词变复数。,如：,boy friendboy friends,paper bagpaper bags,room number room numbers,习题：,orange_,class _ scarf_ monkey_,piano(,钢琴,)_,life_,oranges,classes,texts,monkeys,pianos,lives,rabbit _ shelf_ bed_,family_,toy_,radio(,收音机,)_,rabbits,shelves,beds,families,toys,radios,photo(,相片,)_ army_ fox_,knife _,boy _,egg_,photos,armies,foxes,knives,boys,eggs,tree _,knife _,cat _,animal _,roof _,car _,trees,knives,cats,animals,boats,cars,watch _,sweater _,box _,elephant _,horse_ documentary_,watches,sweaters,boxes,elephants,horses,documentaries,movie_,comedy_,action_,zoo_,potato_,foot_,movies,comedies,actions,zoos,potatoes,feet,bus_,dish_,map_,month_,coat_,hero(,英雄,)_,buses,dishes,maps,months,coats,heroes,picture_,eye_,tooth_,belief,_,country_,tomato_,pictures,eyes,teeth,beliefs,countries,tomatoes,fry_,leaf_,classroom_,Negro(,黑人,)_,match_,fish_,fries,leaves,classrooms,Negroes,matches,fish,child_,brush_,glass_,tax_,factory_,city_,children,brushes,glasses,taxes,factories,cities,Zoo,Kangaroo,bamboo,baby-babies,piano-pianos,army-armies,story-stories,radio-radios,tomato-tomatoes,toys,days,ties,hands,peaches,boxes,leaf-leaves,cases,fishes,wife-wives,kilo-kilos,housewife-housewives,factory-factories,watches,boy-boys,oranges,bands,blouses,hero-heroes,potato-potatoes,books,hats,suits,bridges,keys,knife-knives,cups,dresses,dishes,faxes,thief-thieves,dogs,bags,buses,classes,shelf-shelves,zoo-zoos,photo-photos,