2025年人教版高一英语必修3UNIT1知识点详解练习.doc

UNIT 1 Festivals around the world

Grammar:
1. Festivals are meant to celebrate important times of year.
1) mean v意欲，打算，意味着 mean-meaning-meaningful-meaningless
考点释义：
mean doing sth. 意味着〔必须要做某事或导致种成果〕
mean to do sth. 打算或企图做某事
mean + that 表达……
be meant for=be meant to do sth 被普遍认为是....打算作……用; 为…而有
What do you mean by.....你说的.....,.是什么意思.....
mean adj.卑劣的，吝啬的
2) celebrate v.庆祝，颂扬，赞扬 celebration n.庆祝 celebrity n.名人，名声
辨析celebrate/congratulate
celebrate+sth.(典礼、典礼、生日)，指庆祝令人欢乐的事情或日子
congratulate+sb.祝贺某人做某事，congratulate sb. on sth./doing sth
(二模)The three sisters decided to hold a family party to _______ their parents’ silver wedding.
A. celebrate B.memorize C.congratulate D.welcome
The other day, we got together to_________ _________ ________ the College Entrance Examination.(祝贺她通过)
2. Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and what people do at that time.
take place发生；举行(不能用于进展时态，不能用于被动语态)
辨析take place, happen, occur, break out, come about
take place:发生，举行；通过事先安排的事情
happen:偶尔发生，带有未能预见的意思。 Sth. happen(s) to sb.
occur:发生，想起 it occurs to sb. that.......
break out:战争、火灾、疾病等忽然爆发
come about:发生，产生,常用于疑问句和否认句，多与how连用
与place有关短语：
in the first place 〔用于列举理由〕首先，第一点
in the last place 最终
in one’s place 处在某人的位置，为某人设身处地想一想
in place 放在本来的位置，就位
in place of =instead of 替代，用……而不用……
take one’s place 找替某人接替某人的位置
3. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.
1) starve vt./vi 饿死，饿得要死 starvation n. 挨饿，饿死
starve to death/be starved to death 饿死
starve to do sth 渴望去做某事
starve for 渴望获得，迫切需要，缺乏
be starving饿极了
2) be+性质形容词+动词不定式
积极意义表被动意义，常见形容词有easy, hard, difficult, impossible, pleasant, interesting, dangerous, comfortable等。
(高考)This machine is very easy___________. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A. operating B.to be operating C.operated D.to operate
(高考) In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant____________.
A. to deal with B.dealing with C.to be dealt with D.dealt with

4. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.
in memory of=to the memory of纪念，追念，怀念 memory-memorize v. 记住
have a good/bad memory for sth.善于记……/不善于记……
bring back good memories引起对美好往事的回忆
within sb.’s memory就某人记忆所与
in+n.+of类型的短语
in favor of=in support of支持，赞同；对某人有利 in face of面临，面对
in honor of为纪念……；祝贺……；为了向……表达敬意
in celebration of 庆祝 in praise of 赞美，歌颂
In search of 寻找 in charge of 负责，掌握
in possession of 拥有，持有 in need of 需要
in place of=instead of 替代 in terms of就....而言
They named the school ___________ ___________ _________(为了纪念)him for his great contribution.
Can you tell me who is________ ________ ________(负责)the whole company?
5. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones〞 on them.
1) With+宾语+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/目前分词/过去分词/动词不定式
目前分词：积极且正在进展的动作
过去分词：被动且完毕的动作
动词不定式：将要发生的动作
With time going by, we gained much experience. =As time went by, we gained much experience.
2) in the shape of ....以某种形式，展现某种形式
in shape 处在良好状态
out of shape 变形，走样
With prices________(go) up so fast, we can afford luxuries.
I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes __________(fix) on the ceiling.
6. The western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people.
1) belief n.信心，信念 ---believe v.相信，信赖
one’s belief is that....= it is one’s belief that....某人相信
have(no) belief in (不)相信=.believe in sb.
beyond belief 令人难以置信
have/hold belief (that....) 相信......
shake one’s belief in....动摇某人对....的信心
2) origin-original adj.
7. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbors’ homes to ask for sweets.
dress up盛装，打扮，装饰 dress up as.打扮成
dress sb./oneself 给....穿衣　 be dressed in 穿着
get dressed=dress oneself 穿衣服
(省试验中学期中)On Halloween, children in America like to_________ as ghosts to frighten people.
A. take up B.make up C.dress up D.turn up
8. If the neighbors do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.
trick n. play a trick/tricks on sb. 捉弄某人
vt. trick sb. into doing sth 诱使/骗得某人做某事
trick sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物
拓展
cheat sb. into doing sth.欺骗某人做某事
cheat sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物
fool sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事
make fun of 取笑 laugh at 讥笑
play a joke/jokes on sb.开某人的玩笑

9. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World.
arrival n.到来，抵达者 arrive v. 抵达
the arrival of....... ......的抵达 on one’s arrival in/at=on arriving in/at 一抵达.....

10. India has a national festival on October to honor Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.
1) gain v. 获得，得到，受益 n.收益，获利，财富
gain independence from....脱离....而独立
gain a reputation 获得声望
gain weight/speed/time 增长体重/加迅速度/赢得时间
gain one’s respect/trust 获得某人的尊重/信任
gain two minutes (钟表)快两分钟
gain by/from...从……中获益
gain in 在……方面有所增长或增长
2) independence n.独立，自主---depend v.依赖
depend on=reply on 依托，依赖
be dependent on 依托，依赖
be independent of 独立于；不受....约束
It/that (all) depends. 那得视状况而定
辨析gain,obtain,get,acquire, win
(1)gain强调通过艰苦的努力而获得成果。
(2)obtain指没有付出很大努力而获得。
(3)get既可指积极争取，也可指被动承受，有时不一
定需要很大努力就能获得。
(4)acquire重要指获得知识、能力等。
(5)win重要指在竞争、比赛或辩论中击败对手而赢得胜利。
(高考)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be_____________(depend).
(高考) What are you going to do this weekend? _________. If time permits, I may go to Shanghai with my friends.
A. Don’t mention it. B. It doesn’t matter C.forget it D.it depends
(高考)You are old enough to__________ your own living.
A.win B.gain C.take D.earn
11. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.
gather v. 汇集，采集，收货，收割
gather....around 汇集，集合 gather together 汇集起来，合拢
gather in...收割，收货 gather up 收捡起来
辨析gather/collect
Gather: 搜集，指人、分散的东西或抽象的东西汇集起来
Collect: 搜集，侧重其计划性和选择性
12. Some people might win awards fortheir farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.
award n & vt. win/get an award for .....由于....而获奖
award sb. sth.= award sth. to sb.
辨析award/reward
Award: 奖品，奖金，奖赏，奖励
Reward: 报答，酬劳 reward sb. for sth. 因 …奖赏某人；
reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人
13. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy moon cakes.
admire v 赞赏;钦佩;羡慕;赞美;夸奖 admiration n.钦佩；赞赏
admire sb. for sth. 在某方面钦佩.....
admire oneself自我欣赏 admire one’s sth.钦佩某人的某方面
express admiration for sb.对某人表达钦佩
have great admiration for sb.十分钦佩某人
with/in admiration心怀钦佩地……
14. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forwards to the end of the winter and to the coming of spring.
energetic adj. 充斥活力的，精力充足的，积极的
look forwards to doing.....期望，期待，期望

look after 照顾 look ahead 向前看，为未来打算
look back on回忆 look down on/upon 瞧不起，看不起
look into 调查 look on....as.... 把...看作
look through 浏览 look around 环顾
look out for 注意，留神，留心 look up 查收
look up to 仰慕，尊敬
具有介词to的动词短语
stick to 坚持 lead to 导致，通向
object to 反对 refer to 参照，涉与，提到
belong to 属于 pay attention to....注意
be used to.... =be accustomed to.....习惯于
get down to开场认真做 devote...to 致力于/奉献于...
15. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, look as though it is covered with pink snow.
as though=as if 似乎，好似
as though 从句要用虚拟语气
as though+一般过去式 (与目前事实相反)
as though+过去完毕时 (与过去事实相反)
(高考) Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him __ he had done something very clear.
A. as if B.in case C.while D.though
16. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other.
have fun with sth.=enjoy oneself with sb.=have a good time with sb.
跟某人一起尽情玩耍
have fun doing sth.....做某事很开心，很快乐
for fun 非认真地，开玩笑地，为了好玩
make fun of 取笑，拿....开玩笑
it’s great fun to do sth 做某事很有趣
17. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.
custom n. 风俗，习惯 customs 海关
辨析custom, habit, practice
Custom:社会的风俗，习惯
Habit:个人的习惯
Practice:个人的社会的习惯、通例
用custom, habit, practice 填空
1) The celebration of Christmas in many western countries is a ___________.
2) He has formed a bad _________ of smoking since an early age.
3) It is standard____________ not to pay bills until the end of the month.
18. However big the fool, there is always a bigger fool of admire him.
fool n. 愚人，受骗者 foolish adj. 傻的
make a fool of 愚弄，捉弄
fool sb. into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事 fool sb. out of sth.骗取某人某物
Ha! You were ___________(fool) by a __________(fool). How ________(fool) of you
19. You want to ask your mum for permission to go with your friends to the cinema.
permission n.许可，容许，准许， 同意 permit v.容许，许可
ask sb. for permission/ask permission of sb. 祈求某人准许
give sb. permission to do sth 容许某人去做某事
with one’s permission=with the permission of sb. 经某人容许
without permission 未经容许
permit sb to do sth. 容许某人做某事 permit doing sth 容许做某事
If you want to go into that factory, you need a ___________(permit).
20. But she didn’t turn up.
1) 来, 出席(某活动) I’m very happy you turned up so early.
2) 把(收音机等)音量开大某些, 其反义短语是turn down.
Turn up the radio a little, I can scarcely hear the program.
有关短语:
turn down 拒绝 turn off 关掉
turn on 翻开 turn out 成果是.....
turn to sb. for help 向某人求援 turn over 翻转，倒转
(高考) How could you ________ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months?
A.turn off B.turn in C.turn down D.turn to
21. She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word.
keep one’s word 守信用, 其反义词是break one’s word 失信
eat one’s word 收回序言，认错抱歉
take back one’s words 收回某人的话
have a word with sb. 与某人交谈
have words with sb. 与某人争执
in a word 简而言之，概括地讲
in other words 换句话说
leave word 留言，留信
Word came that....消息传来......
22. Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize.
1) hold one’s breath breathe v.呼吸
catch one’s breath屏息；喘口气 get one’s breath喘过气来;恢复正常
in a/one breath一口气地;一瞬间 lose one’s breath喘不过气来
out of breath喘不过气来的(地) take breath喘口气;歇会儿
2) apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. 因〔做〕某事向某人抱歉
apology n. 抱歉；辩白 make an apology to sb for (doing) sth.
accept/ refuse/ an/ one’s apology承受/ 拒绝某人抱歉

23. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave-he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV-just what Li Fang needed!
16. obvious adj.
1) obvious+ to + 表达人的名词或代词 Her disappointment was obvious to her friend.
2) It + be + obvious +that-clause It was obvious that she was in danger.
辨析：obvious/apparent/clear
obvious 是三者中程度最强的，具有“一目了然〞 之意。
It is obvious that you are wrong.
apparent 指具有某些明显的迹象的，侧重与经历推理才能看出成果。
It was apparent from his face that he was lying.
clear 作“明白的，清晰的〞讲。指不模糊含混，易于观测，理解和识别。
He seems clear about his plans.
中译英
很明显，他对这个计划不敢爱好。

23. As Li Yang set off for home, he thought, “ I guess Hu Jin doesn’t love me. I’ll just throw these flowers and chocolates away. I don’t want them to remind me of hers.
1) set off: 动身, 出发; 使〔地雷、炸弹〕爆炸; 使某物更有吸引力
有关短语：
set about doing sth. 着手〔做某事〕 set in 开场
set up 建立，创立 set down 写下，记下
set somebody to do something. 使某人开场工作
set somebody doing something 使某人处在某种动的状态
set aside保留，储蓄 set out动身，出发，着手
2) remind sb of sth reminder n. 起提醒作用的人或物
remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人去做 remind sb. that...提醒某人……
常用于 vt.＋sb.＋of sth./doing 的动词，如：
inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事 cure sb. of sth. 给某人治愈某病
suspect sb. of sth. 疑心某人某事
(高考) Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they ___________ on their journey.
A. give up B.settle down C.get through D.set off
(全国高考) May, I __________John of his promise to help you.
A.told B.reminded C.warned D.advised
24. She would never forgive him. This would not be a happy Valentine’s Day!
forgive forgivable adj. 可原谅的；可宽恕的 forgiveness n. 原谅
forgiving adj. 宽容的；宽恕的
forgive sb. for (doing) sth. 原谅某人〔做某事〕 forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事
forgive and forget 不念旧恶；不记某人的仇
Forgive others but not yourself. 宽以待人，严于律己。
辨析 forgive, excuse, pardon
1)forgive 和 pardon有时可通用，但forgive往往表达除了“免于惩罚和追究〞之外，还具有深入的“不记旧账〞；从心里宽恕“等意思
2)excuse 意为“原谅〞，语气较轻，宾语一般是过错，疏忽的人，常用于口语中。Excuse sb for (doing) sth/ excuse oneself for (doing) sth. 为自己〔干〕…辩白
3)Pardon原意为“赦免〞 只用于pardon sb for (doing) sth.
25. Some festivals are held to honor the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.
1) honor v&n. 敬重，尊敬 n.尊敬，荣耀，荣誉
in honor of... 为向....表达敬意
on one’s honor 以声誉担保
do sb. the honor of doing sth. 给....带来荣誉
have the honor of sth./doing sth 得到某殊荣，有幸做某事
do the honors履行社交责任，执行典礼
2) satisfy v. 使满意，满足 satisfied adj. 感到满意的; satisfying adj. 令人快乐的 satisfactory adj. 令人满意的 satisfaction n. 满意;
be satisfied with to one’s satisfaction
辨析 satisfactory, satisfied, satisfying
satisfactory, 指客观的事物或主观的体现抵达规定而令人满意, 主语一般用客体。
satisfied指主体对事物或体现感到满意, 主语是主体(人)
如:She is satisfied with the service. 她对该项效劳感到满意。
satisfying: giving pleasure令人快乐, 主语是不定式, 常用于句型:
It’s satisfying to do sth. 做…...使人满意
如:It’s satisfying to learn the success of his son in job-hunting.
3) harm n&vt. harmful adj.
do harm to sb.=be harmful to sb.对某人有害
do good to= be good for 对某人有好处
do sth a favor=do a favor for sb.帮某人忙，给某人恩惠
辨析hurt, injure, harm, damage, wound
hurt 一般用语，既可指肉体上的伤害,也可精神上, 感情上的伤害
如:The girl hurt herself badly in the accident.那位女孩在那次事故中伤得很重。
injure比hurt正式, hurt多指伤痛, 而injure那么指损害安康, 成就, 容貌等,强调功能的损失。
如:He injured his hand while playing basketball.他在打篮球时手受了伤。
damage重要指对于物的损害,强调对于价值、用途、外观等所导致的损失, 这种损失或因自然灾害所致, 或因人为导致。如：
Several cars were damaged in the accident.好几辆汽车在事故中损坏了。
wound 指枪伤, 刀伤, 刺伤等皮肉之伤, 是出血的, 严重的伤, 特指战场上受伤, 它可以指肉体上的伤害, 也可指人们精神上的创伤。如:
 The bullet wounded his left leg. 子弹打伤了他的左腿。
After the dinner party, everyone left for home with ____________(satisfy).
What do you think of Martin’s latest book? Oh, it is rather ___________(interest) and I’m quite_____satisfy) with it.
26. Possibility
There is no possibility that....没有也许
impossibility n. 不也许-possible adj.也许的-possibly-adv. 也许
There is a possibility __________ he will be admitted to a key university.
A. that B.which C.whether D.if
(高考)Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will ___________ sooner or later. A. stand out B.break up C.get out D.turn up

一、词组翻译
1.盛装、打扮______________ 2.搞恶作剧，诈骗______________
3.钦佩某人的…… ______________ 4.期望，期待______________
5.日夜，成天______________ 6.和某人玩得开心______________
7.停车场 ______________