高考英语复习-语法突破篇-9-名词和冠词市赛课公开课一等奖省名师优质课获奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,*,1,PART ONE,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,2,PART TWO,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,3,PART THREE,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,4,PART FOUR,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,5,PART FIVE,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高考词汇精练,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,目录,CONTENTS,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,目录,CONTENTS,01,02,03,04,标题文本预设,此部分内容作为文字排版占位显示（建议使用主题字体）,标题文本预设,此部分内容作为文字排版占位显示（建议使用主题字体）,标题文本预设,此部分内容作为文字排版占位显示（建议使用主题字体）,标题文本预设,此部分内容作为文字排版占位显示（建议使用主题字体）,目录,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,目录,目录,CONTENTS,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,目录,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,第九讲 名词和冠词,01,02,名词,1.,名词分类,|,2.,名词数,|,3.,抽象名词详细化,4.,名词全部格,冠词,1.,不定冠词,|,2.,定冠词,|,3.,零冠词,|,4.,冠词几个注意事项,I.,单句语法填空,II.,单句改错,|,III.,翻译句子,|,IV.,语法填空,|,V.,短文改错,06,针对训练,1/64,名词,2/64,名词,专有名词,普通名词,一、名词分类,3/64,一、名词分类,专有名词,表示详细人、事物、地点或机构专有名称。,如：,Asia,，,Washington,，,English,，,the United Nations,，,WTO,，,WHO,1,4/64,一、名词分类,普通名词,表示,一些人,、,某类事物,、,某种物质,或,抽象概念,名称。,如：,teacher,，,tea,，,peace,，,weapon,普通名词又可深入分为四类。,(1),个体名称,：表示单个人和事物。,如：,horse,，,car,，,room,，,apple,，,picture,(2),集体名称,：表示一群人或一些事物名称。,如：,people,，,family,，,army,，,team,，,group,(3),物质名词,：表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小个体物质。,如：,steel,，,air,，,milk,，,ink,，,gold,，,sugar,(4),抽象名词,：表示动作、状态、品质或其它抽象概念。,如：,information,advice,，,knowledge,，,word/news,，,traffic,，,weather,2,5/64,二、名词数,不可数名词,(1),不可数名词普通没有单、复数之分，包含物质名词和抽象名词,。,如：,health,，,advice,，,glass,，,wood,，,English,(2),表示学科名称以,ics,结尾名词常为不可数名词。,如：,mathematics,，,physics,，,politics,1,6/64,二、名词数,可数名词,可数名词包含个体名词和集体名词，有单、复数形式。复数名词组成方法以下：,2,(1),普通情况在名词后加,s,。,如：,desks,，,days,(2),以,s,，,x,，,ch,，,sh,结尾名词后加,es,。,如：,busbuses,，,watchwatches,，,boxboxes,，,brushbrushes,7/64,二、名词数,可数名词,可数名词包含个体名词和集体名词，有单、复数形式。复数名词组成方法以下：,2,(3),以,o,结尾名词变为复数时，常在词尾加,s,，但以下名词要加,es,，它们是：黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿，即,Negroes,，,heroes,，,echoes,，,potatoes,，,tomatoes,。,(4),以,f,或,fe,结尾名词变为复数时，普通将,f,或,fe,去掉加,ves,，如,thiefthieves,，,knifeknives,，,leafleaves,。,但以下以,f,或,fe,结尾名词直接加,s,，它们是：屋顶上首领信仰保险箱，即,roofs,，,chiefs,，,beliefs,，,safes,。,8/64,二、名词数,可数名词,可数名词包含个体名词和集体名词，有单、复数形式。复数名词组成方法以下：,2,(5),合成名词,变成复数时，通常只将里面所含,主体名词变为复数,，假如没有主体名词，则将,最终一部分,变为复数。,sons-in-law,女婿；,passers-by,过路人；,story-tellers,讲故事人；,breakfasts,早餐；,housewives,家庭主妇。,9/64,二、名词数,可数名词,可数名词包含个体名词和集体名词，有单、复数形式。复数名词组成方法以下：,2,(6),一些名词复数形式是不规则,manmen,womanwomen footfeet,toothteeth goosegeese childchildren,(7),常见单复数同形名词,Chinese,中国人；,Japanese,日本人；,sheep,绵羊；,deer,鹿；,series,系列；,means,方式；,works,工厂等。,10/64,二、名词数,可数名词,2,名师指津,部分名词复数形式表示,尤其意思,：,papers,文件,times,时代,customers,关税，海关,goods,货物,works,著作,drinks,饮料,manners,礼貌,brains,头脑,minutes,统计,damages,赔偿费,11/64,三、抽象名词详细化,含有某种特征、状态、情感抽象名词在表示详细概念时，能够与不定冠词连用，常考到有：,1,单词,抽象名词意义,详细化名词意义,success,成功,成功人或事,pleasure,乐趣,令人高兴事,attraction,吸引,有吸引力人或事物,beauty,美；漂亮,漂亮人或事物,comfort,抚慰；慰藉,令人感到抚慰人或事物,danger,危险,危险人或原因,12/64,三、抽象名词详细化,含有某种特征、状态、情感抽象名词在表示详细概念时，能够与不定冠词连用，常考到有：,1,单词,抽象名词意义,详细化名词意义,delight,高兴,令人高兴事,failure,失败,失败人或事物,surprise,惊奇,令人惊奇事情,shock,震惊,令人震惊事情,pride,骄傲,令人骄傲事或人,They regard overpopulation as,a danger,to society.,他们把人口过剩视为对社会威胁。,13/64,三、抽象名词详细化,抽象名词与,a(an),连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为详细动作、行为或类别。,2,Being able to afford,a drink,would be,a comfort,in those tough times.,在那些艰难时期，能够买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人感到欣慰事。,14/64,四、名词全部格,s,全部格,1,表示有生命事物名词及一些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家、城市、团体机构等无生命名词后加,s,来表示所相关系。,students eyesight,学生视力,todays newspaper,今天报纸,15/64,四、名词全部格,of,全部格,2,of,全部格修饰前面名词，表示两个名词之间所属关系，多用于无生命名词。,From,the top of the hill,，,you can get a birds view of the city.,从山顶上，你能够鸟瞰整个城市。,16/64,四、名词全部格,双重全部格,3,指名词全部格或名词性物主代词同,of,组成全部格，即“,of,名词全部格”。,a play of Shakespeares,莎士比亚一个戏剧,a friend of my wifes,我妻子一个朋友,17/64,冠词,18/64,冠词作为一个,虚词,，在英语中,只能和名词一起使用,。英语中冠词分为,不定冠词,和,定冠词,。不定冠词有两个，,a,和,an,。,a,用在辅音开头单词前面,；,an,用于以元音开头单词前,。如：,a book,，,an apple,。,19/64,一、不定冠词,不定冠词最基本使用方法是表示,泛指,，用在单数可数名词前表示“,某一个,”。,1,There is,a,policeman at the door.,门口有个警察。,20/64,一、不定冠词,不定冠词用在单数可数名词之前，表示“,任何，每个,”。,2,A,soldier must obey orders.,军人必须服从命令。,21/64,一、不定冠词,不定冠词用于,第一次出现,单数名词之前。,3,There is,a,box in the room.The box is heavy.,房间里有个箱子。这个箱子很重。,22/64,一、不定冠词,不定冠词用在,价格、速度、比率,等名词前，有,every,之意。,4,The car travels at sixty kilometers,an,hour.,汽车以每小时,60,公里速度行驶23/64,一、不定冠词,用在,序数词,前，表示“,再一，又一,”。,5,He missed the gold medal in the high jump,，,but he will get,a,second chance in the long jump.,他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，不过在跳远比赛中他还有机会。,24/64,一、不定冠词,用在形容词,比较等级前,，表示“,一个更,”。,6,If we sit near the front of the bus,，,well have,a,better view.,假如我们坐在公共汽车前部，视野就会更加好些。,25/64,一、不定冠词,用于,物质名词,或,抽象名词详细化,时。,7,物质名词或抽象名词仅表示概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词。,但假如表示详细人或事，尤其是前面有形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面可加不定冠词,。,Im certain that his concert this Sunday will be,a,success.,我确信这个星期天他音乐会一定成功。,26/64,一、不定冠词,不定冠词用于,一些固定短语,中。,8,have a try,试一下,take a break,休息一下,have a good time,玩得痛快,make a living,谋生,as a matter of fact,实际上,in a word,总而言之,27/64,二、定冠词,定冠词和名词连用，表示某个或一些,特定,人或事物。,1,Mother carved,the,meat into slices.,妈妈把肉切成了片。,28/64,二、定冠词,定冠词用于可数名词前，表示,一类人或东西,。,2,The,panda is a rare animal.,大熊猫是一个稀有动物。,名师指津,本句也能够用以下表示：,A,panda is a rare animal.,Pandas,are rare animals.,29/64,二、定冠词,定冠词用于,第二次出现,名词之前。,3,I got a letter yesterday.,The,letter was sent by email.,我昨天接到了一封信。那信是电子邮件。,30/64,二、定冠词,定冠词用于一些名词或者形容词前，表示,一类人，一个民族，阶级或阶层,。,4,the,Chinese,中国人,the,rich,富人,the,dead,死者,the,deaf,聋人,31/64,二、定冠词,定冠词用于指说话,双方都知道,人或事。,5,Please close,the,door.,请把门关上。,32/64,二、定冠词,用在世界上,独一无二,人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示创造物等名词前。,6,the,sun,太阳,the,moon,月亮,the,earth,地球,the,sky,天空,the,world,世界,注意：有些物体即使也是独一无二，但习惯上却不用冠词。,space,太空,nature,自然,man,人类,33/64,二、定冠词,用在,序数词、形容词最高级,前。,7,The,first truck is carrying a few baskets.,第一辆卡车装运了一些筐。,This is,the,most interesting book I have ever read.,这是我所读过书中最有趣一本。,34/64,二、定冠词,用在由普通名词组成,专有名词,前。,8,the,Great Wall,长城,the,Summer Palace,颐和园,the,Peoples Farm,人民农场,the,Science Museum,科学馆,35/64,二、定冠词,用在,姓氏复数形式,前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。,9,The,Turners are going home on a train.,特纳一家要乘火车回家。,36/64,二、定冠词,用在,方位词,前。,10,on,the,left/right,在左,/,右边,in,the,east/west/north/south,在东,/,西,/,北,/,南方,at,the,back of,在,后面,37/64,二、定冠词,用在,乐器,尤其是,西洋乐器,名词前。,11,My brother is playing,the,violin while my sister is chatting on the Internet.,我弟弟在拉小提琴而我妹妹正在网上聊天。,38/64,二、定冠词,用在表示,海洋、河流、山脉、群岛及国家和党派,名词前。,12,the,East China Sea,东海,the,Huai River,淮河,the,Jinggang Mountains,井冈山,the,United States of America,美国,39/64,三、零冠词,零冠词基本使用方法,1,(1),表示泛指不可数名词或复数名词前。,Keeping a diary is a good habit,，,by which youll make,great progress,.,记日志是一个能够让你取得巨大进步好习惯。,Telephones,are still playing an important role in peoples life.,电话在人们生活中依然起着主要作用。,40/64,三、零冠词,零冠词基本使用方法,1,(2),表示月、季、星期、节假日、洲、三餐、球类、学科、棋类名词前。,in spring,在春天,on Sunday,在星期天,play football,踢足球,play chess,下象棋,have breakfast/lunch/supper,吃早饭,/,午饭,/,晚饭,41/64,三、零冠词,零冠词基本使用方法,1,(3),与,by,连用表示交通工具名词前。,by car,坐汽车,by ship,坐船,by plane,坐飞机,on foot,步行,42/64,三、零冠词,零冠词基本使用方法,1,(4),系动词,turn,后单数名词作表语时。,After years of hard work,，,Tom,turned engineer,while Mary,good manager,.,多年努力之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一位好经理。,43/64,三、零冠词,零冠词基本使用方法,1,(5),表示头衔和职务名词作表语、同位语或补足语时。,Li Ming,，,monitor,of our class,，,is a warmhearted person.,我们班长李明是一个热心人。,44/64,三、零冠词,固定结构及固定短语中零冠词,2,(1),固定结构中零冠词,“,零冠词单数名词,as/though,主语谓语，主句,”,，意为,“,即使,不过,”,。,Young man as he is,，,he has seen much of the world.,尽管他很年轻，但他阅历很丰富。,45/64,三、零冠词,固定结构及固定短语中零冠词,2,(2),固定短语中零冠词,on purpose,有意地,by chance,恰巧,catch fire,着火,at dawn,在拂晓,face to face,面对面,out of date,过时,46/64,四、冠词几个注意事项,表示世界上独一无二事物名词前普通加定冠词,the;,但假如名词前有修饰语，也可能用不定冠词,a,，,an,。,1,the world,，,a,peaceful world,the moon,，,a,bright moon,47/64,四、冠词几个注意事项,表示一日三餐名词前面普通不用冠词，但前面假如有了定语修饰，也可能用不定冠词,a,，,an,。,2,Have you had supper?,We had,a,wonderful supper.,48/64,四、冠词几个注意事项,表示乐器名词前普通用定冠词,the,，但前面假如出现定语修饰，也可能用不定冠词,a,，,an,。,3,He starts his day by playing,the,violin.,He is playing,a,borrowed violin.,49/64,四、冠词几个注意事项,介词与表示交通工具名词连用表示笼统方式，前面普通不用冠词，但假如名词前面出现了修饰语，前面需加冠词。,4,He went to the station,by car,.,He went to the station,in a black car,.,50/64,四、冠词几个注意事项,表示语言名词前普通不用冠词，但后面假如出现,language,一词，前面需加定冠词,the,。,5,English,the English language,French,the French language,51/64,四、冠词几个注意事项,高考中常见纯不可数名词，它们是：,baggage,，,luggage,，,furniture,，,health,，,weather,，,fun,，,space(,太空,),，,advice,，,word(,news),，,progress,，,information,，,news,，,luck,，,wealth(,财产,),等。,以上不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用,。,6,52/64,.,单句语法填空,1,This trend has some unintended side _(effect)such as overweight and heart disease.(,全国卷,),2,The underground railway in London ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _(crowd)on the roads above.(,全国卷,),3,This development was only possible with the _(introduce)of electric-powered engines and lifts.(,全国卷,),4,Handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _(achieve),(,全国卷,),5,Recent _(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.(,全国卷,),effects,crowds,introduction,achievement,studies,53/64,.,单句语法填空,6,Now,，,years later,，,this river is one of _ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.,7,Nowadays,，,how we can take good care of _ old is becoming a hot and serious topic.,8,It was raining hard,，,so I had to borrow _ umbrella.,9,My friend Mary comes from _ European country.,10,As a matter of fact,_ rich arent always happy.,the,the,an,a,the,54/64,.,单句语法填空,11,Women live longer than men in most _(country),12,These _(child)spend a lot of time watching TV.,13,There are branch _(library)in many villages.,14,We may be one family and live under _ same roof.,15The tree measuring over 100 _(foot)high has a history of 1,000 years.,countries,children,libraries,the,feet,55/64,.,单句语法填空,16,Its _ pleasure for me to be here to speak to such a distinguished group from all over the world.,17,No one knows exactly how _ moon came into existence,，,as it happened so long ago.,18,We often watch football _(match)on TV together.,19,I used to love science _(class),，,including biology,，,chemistry,，,geography and physics.,20,Annan will be remembered for his ability and his _(warm),a,the,matches,classes,warmth,56/64,.,单句改错,1,The instructor kept repeating the word,，“,Speed up,！”“,Slow down,！”“,Turn left,！”,(,全国卷,),2,Besides,they often get some useful informations from the Internet.(,全国卷,),3,The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Many rare animals are dying out.(,全国卷,),4,This afternoon I went to see my grandfather by a bus.,words,information,air,57/64,.,单句改错,5,I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon.,6,On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.,7,Without enough knowledges,，,you can never teach well.,8,He made his the first time visit to China when he was 18.,time,pictures,knowledge,或去掉,the,58/64,.,单句改错,9,After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened.,10,Modern people know more about the health,，,have better food,，,and live in clearer surroundings.,11,There is no doubt that English has become an universal language nowadays.,12,If you want to make a progress,，,you need to put your heart into your study and work hard.,an,a,59/64,.,翻译句子,1,我永远不会忘记我们在海南度过那个夏天。,2,我很失望这次试验又以一次失败而告终。,3,婚礼早宴是在她父亲家举行。,4,我对他第一印象是他是一个善良且有思想年轻人。,I will never forget the summer we spent in Hainan.,Im disappointed that the experiment turned out to be a complete failure again.,The wedding breakfast was held in her fathers house.,My first impression of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.,60/64,.,翻译句子,5,不论什么时候我犯了错误，老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。,6,这个校园占地,20,平方公里。,7,今天我在赶着去上班路上碰到了你一位朋友。,8,你能够向任何人求援，这里每个人都愿意帮助你。,Whenever I made mistakes,，,the teacher pointed them out with patience.,The campus covers an area of twenty square kilometres.,I met a friend of yours today as I hurried off to work.,You can ask anyone for help.Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.,61/64,.,语法填空,Studying abroad is an exciting experience,，,giving you the opportunity to learn more about the traditions and cultures of the host country and its people.Apart from the excellent 1._(educate)I received during my three years in England,，,I also made a wide circle of friends and improved my language skills.I learned how 2._(deal)with various problems,，,and as a result,，,I have become more 3._(depend)and self-confident.,I studied English Literature and when I first arrived I had trouble 4._(understand)some of the accents and the slang(,俚语,)5._ are in everyday use.However,，,making many friends and doing a part-time job have helped improve my English.Now I am a much more fluent and natural speaker.,education,to deal,independent,understanding,that/which,62/64,.,语法填空,6,_ biggest problems I faced were finding somewhere to live when I did not know the area well,，,getting the electricity and phone 7._(connect)and learning to look after myself.I had to get used to shopping,，,cooking and doing the housework,，,as well as studying and working,，,so I mastered the art of planning my time 8._(wise),Although adjusting to living in a new country 9._(be)not easy,，,learning to take care of myself helped me grow as a person.I feel I can deal with any problem now 10._ a calm and confident manner,，,without having to immediately ask someone for help.,The,connected,wisely,was,in,63/64,.,短文改错,Every year,，,my school hold summer camps.I love it very much,，,because I can have a lot fun with my friends.Whats more,，,I can take a break from study times.Last year,，,we went to a country farm and experienced different life.I was so impressed by the clear river and fresh air here.We woke up early and then walked on the country road,，,what was extremely quiet.I am so close to nature and could appreciate its beauty.I felt peacefully in my heart.I am looking forward to the summer camp on this year.,holds,of,them,time,a,there,which,was,peaceful,64/64,