1、短語、詞组归纳 由動詞開頭构成的短語、詞组诸多。复习時应分类处理: 一、動詞+介詞 1.look at…看…,look like … 看上去像……, look after …照顾… 2.listen to…听…… 3.welcome to…欢迎到…… 4.say hello to …向……問好 5.speak to…對……說话 此类短語相称于及物動詞,其後必须带宾語,但宾語無论是名詞還是代詞,都要放在介詞之後。如: This is my new bike. Please look it afte
2、r.(×) This is my new bike. Please look after it.(√) 二、動詞+副詞 “動詞+副詞”所构成的短語义分為两类: A.動詞(vt.)+副詞 1.put on 穿上 2.take off脱下 3.write down记下 此类短語可以带宾語,宾語若是名詞,放在副詞前後皆可;宾語若是人称代詞,只能放在副詞的前面。试比较: First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. (√) First
3、 listen to the answer, then write down it.(×) First listen to the answer, then write it down.(√) B.動詞(vi)+副詞。 1.come on赶紧 2.get up起床 3.go home回家 4.come in進来 5.sit down坐下 6.stand up起立 此类短語属于不及物動詞,不可以带宾語。 三、其他类動詞詞组 1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill
4、5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games 介詞短語聚焦 “介詞+名詞/代詞”所构成的短語称為介詞短語。現将Unitsl-16常用的介詞短語按使用方法進行归类。 1.in+語言/颜色/衣帽等,表达使用某种語言或穿著……。如:in English,in the hat 2.in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表达“在……排/队/班级/年级”等。 3.in the morning/ aftern
5、oon/ evening/ 表达“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段時间。 4.in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表达“在書桌/铅笔盒/卧室裏”。 5.in the tree表达“在树上 (非树自身所有)”;on the tree表达“在树上(為树自身所有)”。如:There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees. 6.in the wall表达“在墙上(凹陷進去)”;on the wall表达“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。如:There’re four windows in the
6、 wall, and there is a map on the back wall. 7.at work(在工作)/at school(上學)/at home(在家)应注意此类短語中無the。 8.at + 時刻表达钟點。如:at six, at half , past ten. 9.like this/that表达方式,意為“像……這/那样”。 10.of短語表达所属关系。如:a picture of a classroom, a map of China. 11.behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名詞等,表达方位、处所。如:beside/ near
7、 the door, under/ behind the tree. 12.from与to多表达方向,前者意為“從……”,後者意為“到……”。如:from one to ten, (go) to school/ bed/ work. 此外,如下這些短語也必须掌握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等。 重點句型大回放 1.I think…意為“我认為……”,是對某人或某事的見解或态度的一种句型。其否认式常用I don’t think…,
8、如:I think he’s Mr Zhinag. (L17)I don’t think you are right. 2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意為“把……給……”,動詞give之後可接双宾語,可用這两种句型;若指物的宾語是人称代詞時,则只能用give it/ them to sb. 如: His parents give him a nice purse./His parents give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr Hu.(L57) 3.take sb./ sth. to…意為“把……(送)带到…
9、…”,後常接地點,也可接人。如: Please take the new books to the classroom. 4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意為“一种是……;另一种是……”,必须是两者中。如:One is red and one is grey.(L50)或 One is red,, the other is grey. 5.Let sb. do sth. 意為“让某人做某事”,人後应用不带to的動詞不定式,其否认式為Don’t let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 此外,Let’s 与Let us
10、的含义不完全相似,前者包括听者在内,後者不包括听者在内,如:Let’s go for a walk./Let us try once more, please. 6.help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意為“协助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作宾补,後者用介詞短語作宾补,两者可以互换。如:Let me help you find it.(L42)/Let me help you with it. 7.What about…?/How about…?意為“……怎么样?”是用来問询或征求對方的观點、意見、見解等。about為介詞,其後须接名詞、代詞或V-
11、ing等形式。如:What/How playing chess? 8.It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意為“该做……的時间了”,其中to後须接原形動詞,for後可接名詞或V-ing形式。如:It’s time to have supper. =It’s time for supper. 9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意為“喜欢做某事”,如:Li Lei and his friends like to play in the tree house. (L 43)前一种句型侧重详细的一次性的動作;後一种句型侧重习惯
12、性的動作,试比较: Tom likes swimming, but doesn’t like to swim this afternoon. 10.ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意為“让某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb.後应接動詞不定式,如: Ask your friends to guess what is in it. (L44) 11.show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意為“把某物給某人看”,该句型的使用方法同前面第2點。如: Show your friend your family photo.(L36)/Show y
13、our family photo to your friend. 12.introduce sb. to sb. 意為“把某人简介給另一人”;introduce to sb.则是“向某人作简介”。如:Introduce your family to her. 重點短語迅速复习 1.kinds of 多种各样的 2. either…or…或者…或者…,不是…就是… 3. neither…nor…既不……也不…… 4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶 5. take a seat 就坐 6. home cooking 家
14、常做法 7. be famous for 因……而著名 8. on ones way to在……途中 9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院 10. at the end of在……的尽頭,在……的末尾 11. wait for 等待 12. in time 及時 13. make one’s way to…往……(艰难地)走去 14. just then 正在那時 15. first of all 首先,第一 16. go wrong 走錯路 17. be/get lost 迷路 18. make a noise 吵闹,喧哗 19. get o
15、n 上車 20. get off 下車 21. stand in line 站队 22. waiting room 候诊室,候車室 23. at the head of……在……的前頭 24. laugh at 讥笑 25. throw about 乱丢,抛散 26. in fact 实际上 27. at midnight 在午夜 28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得快乐 29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架 30. take one’s temperature 給某人体温 31. have/get a pain in
16、…某处疼痛 32. have a headache 頭痛 33. as soon as… 一……就…… 34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事 35. stop…from doing sth. 制止……干某事 36. fall asleep 入睡 37. again and again再三地,反复地 38. wake up 醒来,叫醒 39. instead of 替代 40. look over 检查 41. take exercise运動 42. had better(not) do sth. 最佳(不要)干某事 43. at the we
17、ekend 在周末 44. on time 准時 45. out of從……向外 46. all by oneself 独立,單独 47. lots of=a lot of 許多 48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再 49. get back 回来,取回 50. sooner or later迟早 51. run away 逃跑 52. eat up 吃光,吃完 53. run after 追赶 54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带著某物 55. take(good) care of…=look afte
18、r…(well) (好好)照顾,照顾 56. think of 考虑到,想起 57. keep a diary 坚持写曰志 58. leave one by oneself 把某人單独留下 59. harder and harder 越来越厉害 60. turn on打開(電灯、收音机、煤气等) 61. turn off 关 重温重點句型 1.So + be/助動詞/情牵動詞/主語. 前面陈說的肯定状况也适于另一人(物)時,常用到這种倒装构造,表达“另一人(物)也如此。”前面陈說的否认状况也 适于另一人(物)時,常用“Neither/ Nor + be/助動詞/情态動詞+
19、主語.”這种倒装构造。例如: He likes playing basketball, and so do I. 他喜欢打篮球,我也喜欢。 Kate can’t speak Chinese, and I neither/ nor can Jim. 凯特不會說汉語。吉姆也不會。 注意:“So+主語+be/助動詞/情态動詞.”這一句型常用于表达赞同,深入肯定對方的見解,表达“确实如此。” “是呀。”例如: 一Basketball is very popular game in America. 篮球在美国是一项很受欢迎的运動。 一So it is.确实如此。 2.Turn r
20、ight/left at the first/second/…crossing. 這一指路的句型意為“在第一/二/……個拾字路口向右/左拐。”相称于Take the first /second/…turning on the right/left. 例如: 一Can you tell me the way to the nearest post office? 你能告诉我去近来的邮局的路吗? 一Walk along this road,and turn left at the third crossing. 沿著這条路走,在第三個路口向左拐。 3.It takes sb.s
21、ome time to do sth. 此句型表达“干某事花了某人一段時间。”其中的it是形式主語,背面的動詞不定式(短語)才是真正的主語。例如: It took me half an hour to finish the hard work.完毕這项艰巨的工作花了我半個小時。 4.…think/find + it + adj. + to do sth. 此句型中的it是形式宾語,不可用其他代詞替代,形容詞作宾語的补足語,背面的動詞不定式(短語)才是真正的宾語。例如: I found it important to learn English well. 我发現學好英語很重要。
22、 5.What’s wrong with…? 此句型相称于What’s the matter/ trouble with…?後跟某物作宾語時,意為“某物出什么毛病了?”後跟某人作宾語時,意為 “某人怎么了?”例如: -What’s wrong with your bike?你的自行車出什么毛病了? 一It’s broken.它壞了。 -What’s wrong with you?你怎么了? 一I have a pain in my head.我頭痛。 6.too…to… 在so…that…复合句中,that後的句子与否认句時,常与简朴句too…to…(太……而不能……)進行句型
23、转换。例如: He is so young to go to school.(改為简朴句) →He is too young to go to school. 在so…that…复合句中,that後的句子是肯定句時,常与简朴句…enough to…進行句型转换。例如: This maths problem was so easy that we could work it out. (改為简朴句) →This maths problem was easy enough for us to work out. 7.Sorry to hear that. 全句应為I’m sorry
24、 to hear that. 意為“听到此事我很难過(遗憾)。”常用于對他人的不幸表达同情、遗憾之意。例如: —My mother is ill, so I have to look after her at home. 我母亲病了,因此我必须在家照看她。 —Sorry to hear that. 听到此事我很难過。 重點句型、詞组大盘點 1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她過去是一位汉語老師。 [使用方法] used to + 動詞原形,表达過去常常性的動作或存在的状态,具有目前不再如此之意。 [搭配] used to do的否认式
25、可以是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do. [比较] used to do sth. 過去常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事;be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。 [举例] 1) I used to read in bed. 我過去總是躺在床上看書。 2)Did he use to work into the night? 或 Used he to work into the night? 他此前總是工作到深夜吗? 3)I am used to getting up early. 我习惯早起
26、 4)Knives are used to cut things. 刀是用来削東西的。 2.…return it sooner or later. ……迟早要将它偿還。 [使用方法] l)sooner or later意為“迟早”、“早晚”。 2)return此处用作及物動詞,意為“偿還”,相称于give back. [拓展]return還可用作不及物動詞,意為“返回”,相称于go back或come back。 [举例] l)He will find his shortcoming sooner or later. 他迟早會发現他的缺陷的。 2)When will
27、 you return to your hometown? 什么時候回老家? nbsp;3)I have returned the book to the library. 我已經把書還給图書馆了。 3.No matter what the weather is like…無论天气…… [使用方法]no matter what 相称于whatever,其意為“無论什么”,引导状語從句。 [拓展]类似no matter what的体現方式尚有: no matter when無论什么時候 nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where無论什么地方 no matter
28、who無论谁 no matter how 無论怎么样 [举例] l)No matter what he does,nbsp; he always tries to do it well. 無论做什么事,他總是力争做好。 2)No matter what happens, I will take your side. 無论发生什么事,我都将支持你。 3)No matter who gives a talk, we shall listen carefully. 無论谁做汇报,我們都应當认真听。 4)No matter how he goes to work, he is nev
29、er late. 無论怎么样去上班,他從不迟到。 4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green. 一位年經人与格林先生练习讲英語。 [使用方法]practise doing sth. 表达“实践、练习(做)某事”。 [拓展]practice名詞,“实践”、“实行”、“练习”;put a plan into practice实行某计划。 [举例] l)The boy practised making a new sound. 那男孩练习发出新的声音。 2)She practised the piano two ho
30、urs every day. 她每天练习两個小時的钢琴。 3)We have laid the plan and now we must put it into practice. 我們已經制定出计划,目前必须实行。 5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans. 他鼓励大家参与保护我們的湖泊、河流和海洋的活動。 [使用方法] 1)encourage用作動詞,意思是“鼓励”、“支持”。 2)take part in“参与”,常表达参与活動。 3)p
31、rotect 是動詞,表达“防御”、“保护”。 [搭配] 1)encourage sb. in sth. 在某事上鼓励或支持某人 nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人干某事 2)protect sh. from sth. 使某人不受某事侵袭或伤害 [比较] 1)My parents encourage me in my studies. 我父母亲常常鼓励我學习。 2)The school encouraged the students to practise using the computers. 校方鼓励學生练习使用计算机。 3)
32、Will you take part in the English contest? 你准备参与英語竞赛活動吗? 4)The vegetables were well protected from the cold. 這些蔬莱被保护得好而没受冻。 6. …to warn people about sharks in the water. ……警告人們當心水裏的鲨魚。 [使用方法] warn用作動詞,意思是“警告”、“警戒”。 [搭配] 1)warn sb.+ that從句 nbsp;nbsp;2)warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 3)warn sb. to do
33、 sth. 告诫某人做某事 4)warn sb. against(doing) sth. 告诫某人當心某事/不要做某事 [举例] 1)I warned him that snakes were dangerous. 我警告他,蛇很危险。 2)We are trying to warn children the dangers of smoking. 我們正试图警告孩子們吸烟的危害。 3)Dr Synes warned me to give up my drinking. Synes 大夫劝我戒酒。 4)The notice warned people against swimming in the pool. 公告告诫人們不要在池塘裏游泳






