中考英语--语法专题研究-专题1-名词市赛课公开课一等奖省名师优质课获奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第二部分 语法专题研究,专题一 名 词,（必考：每卷37道，411.5分，单项选择、完形、短文填空）,第1页,命题点1 同类名词及其它名词语境辨析,命题点2 近义名词辨析,命题点3 名词固定搭配,命题点4 名词数,命题点,5名词全部格,命题点,6名词作定语,第2页,命题点,1,同类名词及其它名词语境辨析,（必考：每卷,14道，1.55.5分，单项选择、完形）,中考试练,1.Dave really likes driving.I think being a,_ is just right for him.,A.doctor B.teacher,C.farmer D.driver,D,同类名词辨析,第3页,2.Im a little hungry now.I only drank some,_ before I came to school.,A.bread B.milk C.banana D.noodle,3.January is the first _ of a year and,it stands for a good start.,A.month B.season C.week D.day,4.Something is wrong with my _.I,cant see anything around me.,A.nose B.ears C.eyes D.mouth,B,A,C,第4页,5.Excuse me,where did you get the book?,I borrowed it from the _,A.cinema B.library C.park D.station,6.Children should help their _ do,some housework on weekends.,Yes,I agree with you.,A.Friends B.parents C.sisters D.girls,B,B,第5页,7.What do you like to do in your spare time,Jim?,I like _.So I often listen to my,favorite songs on iPad.,A.subject B.task C.music D.writing,8.We have only one _，so its our,duty to protect the environment.,A.moon B.earth C.sun D.star,C,B,第6页,9.Could you tell me the _ of making,such tasty cakes?,Well,I just follow the instructions in the,cookbook.,A.time B.method C.cost D.menu,B,其它名词语境辨析,第7页,10.I want to write to Mary,but I dont know,her _.,You can ask Tina for help.,A.memory B.program,C.address D.truth,11.Im tired out these days.,Well,youd better keep a _,between work and rest.,A.promise B.diary,C.balance D.secret,C,C,第8页,Cindy,whats your favorite _？,I like soccer best.,A.color B.sport C.season D.food,13.Maori people in New Zealand touch,_ when they meet.,A.trees B.noses C.caps D.desks,14.Nowadays,it is common that people can,hardly have a good _ because of,heavy load.,A.sleep B.sheep C.rest D.food,B,BA,第9页,满分突破,分析重庆近9年中考真题可知，同类名词语境辨析为高频考点，主要在单项选择和完形填空中考查，包括学生学习与生活类、时间类、职业类、地点类、身体部位类、身份类、饮食类和自然类。,同类名词语境辨析,(9年10卷18考),考向一,第10页,分析重庆近9年中考真题可知，除同类名词语境辨析外，其它名词语境辨析主要为不一样类别名词混合辨析。解答这类试题要求考生在备考阶段熟记书本单词，同时不停扩充自己词汇量。,其它名词语境辨析,(9年10卷15考),考向二,第11页,命题点2 近义名词辨析,（44题，完形）,中考试练,15.Our teachers usually give us many,_ on how to face difficulties,and challenges.,A.suggestions B.advice,C.answers D.questions,A,第12页,16.Its so crowded here.Lets make some,_ for the baby.,A.house B.room C.home D.family,17.At the foot of the hill,you can hear nothing,but the _ of the running water.,A.sound B.noise,C.voice D.music,B,A第13页,满分突破,以下是初中阶段常见近义名词辨析：,1.problem与question,(年44题),2.family,home与room,3.voice,noise与sound,详细讲解详见本书,P4,详细讲解详见本书,P66,详细讲解详见本书,P23,第14页,词汇,含义及使用方法,advice,意为“劝说；提议”，是不可数名词，无,复数形式；表示数量时常借助量词piece,suggestion,意为“提议”，是可数名词，变复数形式,时直接加s,4.advice与suggestion,第15页,词汇,使用方法,job,可数名词，详细工作，多指“零工，短,工”,work,不可数名词，指人们在日常生活中从事,体力或脑力劳动,5.job与work,第16页,命题点3 名词固定搭配,(A卷86题，A卷85题，83题，83题，短文填空）,18.To tell you the _，Im not,accustomed,to this kind of music.,19.My brother graduated from Chongqing,University at the _ of 22.,20.In China,many children are taken,_ of by their grandparents in,the village.,truth,age,care,第17页21.My parents take _ in everything,good that I do.,22.A study shows that good habits play a very,important _ in childrens education.,23.The doctor told him to take the _,three times a day and he would get better,soon.,24.If you are interested in something,it will be,easy for you to pay _ to it for a long,time.,pride,part/role,medicine,attention,第18页,25.None of them talked.They finished their,meal in _.,26.The car was out of _ and hit a tree,by the road.,27.At the beginning of this term,Dorothy,made up her _ to work hard at,math.,silence,control,mind,第19页,满分突破,分析重庆近9年中考真题可知，名词固定搭配只在短文填空中考查过，考查形式为名词与介词、名词与动词。初中常见名词固定搭配以下：,第20页,名词与介词,to ones surprise令某人惊奇是,(A卷86题),as time goes by伴随时间流逝,(83题),different kinds of不一样种类,(83题),in silence缄默地，无声地,the number of数量,第21页,a huge amount of大量,at the age of在岁时,by the way顺便说一下,to tell you the truth实话说,out of control失去控制,a couple of两个，几个，一对,更多这类搭配见专题四命题点2P124,第22页,名词与动词,ask sb.for help 向某人寻求帮助,(A卷85题),pay attention to 关注，注意,have a talk with 和交谈,play a part in 参加，在中起作用,play a role in 在中饰演角色,keep an eye on 留心，亲密注视,第23页,keep ones promise 恪守诺言,take pride in 以为傲,take care of 照料,take place 发生,take medicine 吃药,try ones best 尽某人最大努力,第24页,中考试练,28.The Yangtze River is the third longest,river in the world.So far many _,have been built over it.,命题点4 名词数,(高频：9年10卷14考，单项选择、短文填空),bridges,第25页,29.Hold on to your _，and they may,come true one day.,30.To make a greener world,we should try to,reduce air _ by walking more and,driving less.,31.Printing is one of the greatest _ in,the world.,dreams,pollution,inventions,第26页,32.You should take some _ to school.,Its so hot and you may feel thirsty.,A.apple B.eggs C.juice D.potatoes,33.You are supposed to be more careful to,make fewer _ while you are writing.,A.trouble B.matter,C.mistakes D.problems,C,C,第27页,满分突破,分析重庆近9年中考真题可知，在单项选择中均包括名词数与语境混合考查，而短文填空中主要考查结合语境填知名词正确形式。,可数名词,1.,判断可数名词用单数还是复数，可参考以下方法,：,第28页,(1)用单数形式判定：表示单一概念，前面通常有不定冠词a/an修饰。,(2)用复数形式判定：表示两个或两个以,上概念，前面通常有表示复数概念限定词,修饰，如不定代词(many,some,a few)、数词,(,除,one,之外基数词,)、代词(our,their,these,those)等。,第29页,(3)依据空格后动词单复数形式来判断，如：系动词为are或were时，名词为可数名词复数，系动词为is或was时，名词为可数名词单数或不可数名词；,谓语动词为原形时，名词用复数；谓语动词为第三人称单数形式时，名词为不可数名词或可数名词单数。,第30页,组成方法,例词,普通在词尾加s(10考),flower,flowers,eye,eyes,mistake,mistakes,以字母s,x,sh,ch等,结尾名词后加es,brush,brushes,box,boxes,2.名词复数规则改变,第31页,以“辅音字母加y”结尾名词，变y为i再加es,city,cities,party,parties,以“元音字母加y”结尾名词，直接加s,toytoys,wayways,第32页,以字母f,或fe,变f或fe为v，,再加es,life,lives,leaf,leaves,直接在f后加,s,chefchefs,roofroofs,巧学妙记：变f或fe为v，再加es词：半数(half)树叶(leaf)自己(self)黄，架(shelf)后小偷(thief)忽遇狼(wolf)，妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)来帮忙。,第33页,以辅音字母,加o结尾,名词,表示有生命,名词加es,potatopotatoes,tomatotomatoes,表示无生命,名词加s,photophotos,pianopianos,巧学妙记：以辅音字母加o结尾名词变复数加,es词：黑人(Negro)和英雄(hero)爱吃土豆,potato)和西红柿(tomato)。,第34页,3.名词复数不规则改变,组成方法,例句,ae,manmen womanwomen,ooee,toothteeth footfeet,词尾加(r)en,childchildren,单复数同形,sheepsheep fishfish,deerdeer ChineseChinese,JapaneseJapanese,其它形式,mousemice,第35页,注,意,1.由man和woman组成合成词，其复数形式也是将man改为men。但German不是合成词，故其复数形式直接加s。如：,policemanpolicemen,2.常以复数形式出现名词有：shoes鞋；trousers裤子；glasses眼镜；chopsticks筷子,；,scissors,剪刀,；clothes,衣服等。,第36页,这些词普通均以复数形式出现，作主语时，谓语动词均用复数形式。不过假如被量词(如a pair of一对，一双)修饰，谓语动词则要用单数形式。如：,This pair of glasses belongs to her.这副眼镜属于她。,注,意,第37页,注,意,3.public,police,family,team,group,class,crowd,等集体名词，普通以单数形式出现。当它们作主语时，假如表示一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；假如表示集体中每一个组员，谓语动词则用复数形式。,第38页,不可数名词,1.不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能用a或an修饰。常见不可数名词以下：,分类,例句,物质名词,bread(24题)，rice，tea，water，,milk，butter，coffee，sand，metal，,wood，silk，rain，fire，ice,抽象名词,courage，trouble，happiness，,knowledge，wealth，time，advice，,patience，fun，news,第39页,不可数名词量表示,情况,方法,举例,详细量,数词/不定冠词表计量名词of不可数名词,a piece of paper;,three kilos of rice,大约量,表示量限定词不可数名词,some water;a lot,of money,第40页,命题点5 名词全部格,(B卷29题，34题，单项选择),中考试练,【重庆7年真题,(),】,34.(,B卷29题,)Oh,Nancy!Do you live,here?,No.This house is _.Im here to,see his baby.,A.my son B.my sons,C.the baby D.the babys,B,第41页,35.(34题)How far is your cousins,home from here?,Its about two _ drive.,A.hours B.hours C.hours D.hour,C,第42页,【创新猜押】,36.One of my _ homework wasnt,handed in today.,A.classmates B.classmate,C.classmates D.classmates,37._ mothers cant go to the parents,meeting because they are too busy.,A.Jacks and Paul B.Jacks and Pauls,C.Jack and Pauls D.Jack and Paul,C,B,第43页,38.There is an MP5 on the desk.Whose is this?,It can be my _.She bought one,yesterday.,A.sister B.sisters C.sisters D.sisters,B,第44页,满分突破,重庆近9年仅在单项选择中考查过两次s全部格(,单数名词全部格、复数名词全部格,)，其中 B卷29题包括了名词词义和全部格混合考查。针对这类题，应先依据语境判断使用哪个名词，再结合全部格组成规律选择正确答案。,第45页,s,全部格组成以下,类别,组成方法,举例,有生命,单数名词,加s,my sons house(B卷29题),his fathers back,有生命,复数名词,以,s结尾,加,my classmates homework,不以,s结,尾加s,the childrens friends,第46页,表示时间、距离、国家等名词,单数加,s,one days meeting,复数加,two hours drive(34,题),表示几个人共,同拥有,在最终一个名词后加s,Mike and Johns desk,表示每个人各,自拥有,在每个名词后加,s,Mikes and Johns desks,第47页,拓,展,of全部格组成,“名词of名词”组成of全部格，此结构通惯用来表示无生命事物名词。如：,a map of China 一张中国地图,双重全部格组成,双重全部格由“of名词s”或“of名词性物主代词”组成。如：a friend of my fathers我父亲一个朋友,a photo of mine我一张照片,第48页,命题点6 名词作定语,(A卷27题，单项选择),中考试练,【重庆7年真题,(),】,39.(,A卷27题,)Its sports time.Most,_ students in Class 1 are playing,football on the playground.,A.boy B.boys C.boys D.boys,A,第49页,【创新猜押40.Last year,three hundred English teachers,took part in the _ English training.,A.twomonth B.twomonths,C.two months D.two month,41.A _ woman was saved from the,ship last week.,A.65 year old B.65yearolds,C.65yearold D.65yearsold,A,C,第50页,42.There are so many _ trees in front,of my house.I often pick up apples from,them in autumn.,A.apple B.apples C.apples D.apples,A,第51页,满分突破,名词作定语是重庆 A卷新增考点，考生需给予重视。,1.名词作定语，作定语名词普通用单数形式。如：,boy student 男生(,A卷27题,),country music 乡村音乐,birthday present 生日礼品,第52页,2.复合名词，即“数词连字符名词”作定语时，这个名词普通使用单数形式。如：,a fiveyear plan一个五年计划,3.复合形容词，即“数词名词单数形式形容词”作定语时，数词、名词和形容词之间都要有连字符。,a fiveyearold boy一个五岁男孩,第53页,4.由man和woman组成合成名词，变复数时要将主体词及man或woman都变成复数形式。如：,a man driver men drivers男司机,a woman teacher women teachers女教师,第54页,