词汇与语法第3讲(词汇--名词-代词-主谓一致)市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,词汇与语法 第3讲名词&主谓一致,第1页,语法部分,考试纲领对语法要求：,名词、代词数和格组成及其使用方法,动词,基本时态,、语态组成及其使用方法；,形容词、副词比较级和最高级组成及其使用方法；,惯用连接词、冠词词义及其使用方法；,非谓语动词,（不定式、动名词、分词）组成及其使用方法；,虚拟语气,组成及其使用方法；,各类从句,组成及其使用方法；,强调句型结构及其使用方法；,惯用倒装句结构及其使用方法。,第2页,重点语法及答题技巧点拨,名词、代词,（,第三讲,）、,冠词,、,连词,、数词特殊使用方法,主谓一致,-(真题回顾)（,第三讲,）,动词时态（,第四讲,）,虚拟语气、倒装句（,第五讲,）、非谓语动词、强调句（,第六讲,）、从句、反义疑问句（,第七讲,）,副词,介词(短语),动词短语,比较级，最高级,第3页,对名词，代词考查,主要包含：,不可数名词量表示（P196）；,名词全部格；,反身代词，不定代词,主谓一致,（考查名词代词常与主谓一致相结合）,Mary and Lindas book,Marys and Lindas books.,人名+s=某人店铺，家庭，学校等地点。,I usually buy some meat at the Johnsons.,They took part in the birthday party at Toms.,名词&代词,第4页,of 全部格名词词组第二次出现时，用that/those 代替。,The population of New York is greater than,that,of Chicago.,It seems that the students of USA are more active than,those,of China.,用砖头建房子比用木头建坚固。,名词&代词,第5页,练习,I dont know _ standing over there.,the girls name B.the names girl,the name of the girl D.the names of girl,2.Todays libraries differ great from _.,the past B.those of the past,C.that are past D.those past,3.The police investigate the _ about the bank robbery.,A.stander-by B.standers-by,C.stander-bys D.standers-bys,名词&代词,第6页,真题回顾,1.I respect Oprahs opinion,but I would also like her to respect_.,A.my own B.mines C.mine D.me,2._ is a great pity that there are some disagreements in the school board meeting.,A.That B.This C.It D.There,名词&代词,第7页,4.There are 40 teachers in this school,ten of whom are _.,man teachers B.men teacher,C.man teacher D.men teachers,名词&代词,3.We like our English teacher because she often tells _ funny stories in class.,A.us B.our C.we D.ours,第8页,主谓一致,（考查名词代词常与主谓一致相结合）,第9页,两个或两个以上做主语单数名词用and连接，谓语用复数,Tom and Dick _(be)good friends.,但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。,A singer and dancer _(be)present at the party.,The worker and writer _(be)talking to the students.,are,was,is,第10页,2用 and 连接两个名词若被 no,each,every,many a 修饰，则谓语动词用单数。,No bird,and,no beast,_(be)seen in the bare island.,Many a,boy and,many a,girl _(have)made such a funny experiment.,At Christmas,each,boy and,each,girl _(be)given a present.,is,has,is,第11页,3.两个主语由not onlybut also,or,eitheror,neithernor等连接时，,谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致,Either he or I _(be)to go there.,_(be)either you or he going to attend the meeting?,am,Are,第12页,4.主语后有as well as,like,with,together with,but,except,besides,等，,谓语应于前面主语保持一致,A professor,together with some students,_(be)sent to help in the work.,No one but the teachers _(be)allowed to use the room.,was,is,第13页,5,一些集合名词做主语，假如看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；假如指其中组员，谓语用复数,如audience,committee，class,crew,family,government,public等.,但,people,police等只能用复数,My family _(be)a big family.,My family _(be)listening to the radio.,The police _(be)trying to catch the thief.,is,are,are,第14页,6表示时间、重量、长度等名词，尽管是复数形式，但作为一个,整体看,，谓语还是用,单数,。,Five minutes _(be)enough.,One dollar and seventy eight cents _(be)what she has.,is,is,第15页,7.all 作为主语，代表人物时，普通用作复数；代表整个事件或情况时，普通看作单数。,All that I want _(be)a good dictionary.,All _(be)silent.,人人都缄口无言。万籁俱寂。,All _(be)out of danger.,is,were/are,were/are,第16页,8 形容词加定冠词 the 表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。,What a life the poor _ (be)living!,The young _(be)happy to give their seats to the old.,were,are,第17页,9who,which,that 作定语从句主语时，其谓语取决于,先行词,。,Those,who,want,to go should sign your names here.,He is one of,the students,who,have,passed the exam.,He is,the only one of the students,who,has,passed the exam.,第18页,10.,以-ics结尾学科名称通常作,单数,.,physics(物理学)、,mathematics(数学)、,mechanics(机械学)、,politics(政治学)、,statistics(统计学)、,economics(经济学)等,第19页,还有一些以-s接单、复数同形名词，如:headquarters(总部),means(方法、伎俩),series(系列),species(种类),works(工厂)等，随即动词单、复数形式取决于这些名称是作单数，还是用作复数。,A,headquarters,was,set up to direct the operation(指挥作战).,The only,means to achieve success,is,to appeal to arms(诉诸武力).,第20页,12.假如作主语名词词组由“,分数(或百分数)+of-词组,”组成，其动词形式依of-词组中名词类别而定。,Over sixty percent of the city _(be)destroyed in the war.,Thirty-five percent of the doctors _(be)women.,was,were,第21页,13.假如主语是all of.,some of.,none of.,half of.,most of.等表示非确定数量名词词组，其后动词形式依of-词组中名词类别而定。比如：,Most of the money _ recovered by Deputy Player.,Most of the members _ there.,All of the cargo _ lost.,All of the crew _ saved.,was,were,was,were,第22页,14.假如主语是由“a kind/sort/type of,this kind/sort/type of+名词”组成，动词用单数。,This kind of man annoys me.,但若在kind/sort/type之前限定词是,these/those,同时，of-词组中名词又是复数，则,动词用复数：,These kinds of men,annoy,me.,Those types/sorts of machines,are,up to date,(最新，最近，当代).,第23页,15.1)由who,why,how,whether等wh-词引导名词性分句作主语，其后动词通惯用,单数,。,Who will be chosen to the Beijing,is,not decided.,2).两个由and连接并列名词性分句作主语，假如,主语表示两件事情，动词用复数,。比如：,What caused the accident,and,who was responsible for it,remain,a mystery to us.,第24页,主谓一致-真题回顾,1.The educator and scholar,from Shanghai.（年真题）,A.come B.comes,C.is coming D.are coming,2.Many a _ realized that this doesnt make any sense.（年真题）,A.persons has B.persons have,C.person has D.person have,第25页,3.What they said _ us much to think about.（年真题）,A.have left B.has left,C.is left D.are left,4.A doctor,along with a group of young nurses,_ going to demonstrate the heart operation process.（年真题）,A.is B.are C.will D.shall,第26页,5.Neither of the employees nor the boss,_,satisfied with the profits.（年真题）,A.wereB.was C.beD.been,6.The computer,working very fast,_ data at the speed of light.（年真题）,handles B.handling,C.Handled D.has handled,7.In the fall the cattle,from the high country back down to the farm.（年真题）,is driven B.are driven,C.drives D.drive,第27页,8.When and where to hold the meeting _ not decided yet.年真题）,is B.are C.has D.have,9.After careful investigation we find that one of the statements _ to be untrue.（年真题）,A.is turned out B.have been turned out,C.has turned out D.have turned out,10.How close parents are to their children _ a strong influence on the character of their children.（年真题）,A.have B.has C.having D.had,第28页,第29页,第30页,1.the+adj.,the unemployed,the poor/rich,the questioned,the struggled,the disadvantaged,the injured,The injured,were taken to hospital for treatment.,the old,the young,The disadvantaged,including,the disabled,and,the elderly,need more care and support from the society.,冠词,第31页,2.零冠词使用,专有名词：Tiananmen Square,节假日:New Years Day,May day,Christmas,April Fools Day (中秋，端午例外),杂志：News Week,Times,Readers Digest,一年四季:spring,summer,fall/autumn,winter,冠词,第32页,3.固定搭配及与冠词相关表示,使用定冠词表示,by the way,in the end,in the face of,in the future,in the world 终究，到底,in the least 丝毫，一点,I dont think you need to worry in the least.,我认为你一点都不用担心。,on the average,on the contrary,on the one hand,on the other hand,on the spot 当场，在现场,on the whole 总来说,冠词,第33页,the day before yesterday,for the time being,at the cost of 以。为代价,More and more countries are developing their industries at the cost of environment.,to the extent of 到。程度,tell the truth,冠词,第34页,使用不定冠词表示,as a matter of fact,as a rule,have a chance,have a good time,have a say,have a try,keep an eye on,on a large scale,in a hurry,take a walk,take an interest in,不使用冠词表示,at noon/night/dawn,in front of,at bottom,in order,in public/private/danger/trouble/advance/sight/,in fashion,in fact,at hand,at last,at present,day and night,on top of,take part in,take place,冠词,第35页,真题回顾,The mother asked the boys to put _ everything in _ order before they left the room.(10),A.the,a B.an,the C./,a D./,/,冠词,第36页,连词重点点拨,一、连词属于,虚词,之一，它不能在句子里独立地担任句子成份，而只能起,连接作用,连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子。,比如：,Would you like some tea,or,coffee?,（连接词与词）您是品茗，还是喝咖啡？,Do we have our meeting in the morning,or,in the afternoon?,（连接短语与短语）,我们是早晨开会，还是下午开会？,Do it carefully,or,youll make some mistake.,（连接句子与句子）认真地干，不然会出差错。,连词,第37页,二、连词主要可分成两类：,并列连词,:,用来连接平行对等（即互不隶属）词、词组、或分句。按其表示不一样意思有下面几个,：,1）表示转折意思,but,yet,however,nevertheless,2）表示因果关系,for,so,therefore,hence,3）表示并列关系,and,or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut(also),bothand,as well as,连词,第38页,隶属连词,:,是用来,引发从句,，它在主句和从句中间起连接作用。详细地说，隶属连词主要引发名词从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）和状语从句，不会引发定语从句。,1.引发名词从句连词：that,whether,if,2.引发状语从句连词：,1）时间状语从句：when,whenever,as,while,before,after,until,till,since,ever since,once,as soon as,every time,the moment,instantly,directly,2）地点状语从句：where,wherever,3）原因状语从句：as,because,since,seeing(that),considering(that),now that,not thatbut that,4）目标状语从句：that,so that,in order that,lest,for fear that,in case,连词,第39页,5）结果状语从句that,so that,such that,6）条件状语从句：if,unless,so/as long as,so far as,on condition(that),provided(that),7）让步状语从句：though,although,no matter,even if,even though,however,whatever,8）比较状语从句：than,as,9）方式状语从句：as,as if,as though,连词,第40页,真题回顾,We stored up some food and water _ things got worse.(08),even though B.what if,C.now that D.in case,2.We should learn from this lesson and consider the long-term influence of dams _ the short-term benefits.(08),rather than B.owing to,C.because of D.or else,连词,第41页,3.Her hair was golden when she was a child,but it went darker _ she grew up.(08),A.If B.as C.since D.even,4.Call the university operator,_ you will find the phone number of Professor Smith.(08),A.So B.and C.when D.before,连词,第42页,5._ its good performance,the machine is too expensive.(09),Besides B.Except for,C.In spite of D.Apart from,6.You may write an e-mail to me or just phone me._ will do.(09),A.Each B.Either C.Neither D.None,连词,第43页,7.-Do you like pop music or country music?,-_.I only like sports.(10),A.Each B.Either C.Neither D.Both,It was already ten oclock in the evening _ we arrived at the hotel.(10),A.since B.while C.that D.when,9._ a change of weather,please take the coat with you.(11)Because of B.In spite of,C.In case of D.But for,第44页,写作中惯用过渡词,能够分为以下几类：,（1）表并列关系过渡词：and,also，as well,as well as，or,too,not onlybut also,both and,either or,neithernor等。,（2）表递进关系过渡词：besides,in addition（加之，除之外）,moreover(另外，而且),whats more，whats worse等。,（3）表转折对比过渡词：but,however,yet,instead,on the other hand,on the contrary,although,different from,despite,in spite of,whereas,unlike,not onlybut also,the formerthe latter,the first whereas the second,on the one hand on the other hand,someothers等。,第45页,（4）表原因过渡词：because,because of,since,as,for,now that,thanks to,due to,for this reason,owing to,considering that,seeing that,等。,（5）表结果过渡词：so,thus,therefore,as a result,so that,then,hence,sothat,suchthat,accordingly,等。,（6）表条件过渡词：if,unless,on condition that,as/so long as等。,第46页,（7）表时间过渡词：when,while,after,before,until,as soon as,later,afterwards,soon,lately,recently,since,from then on,eventually,in the meantime,then,suddenly,at the same time,next,early this morning/year/century,after a while,in a few days,now,presently,finally,at last,all of a sudden,form now on,at present,immediately,the moment等。,（8）表特定次序关系过渡词：first,firstly,second,secondly,third,thirdly,above all,first of all,then,next,finally,in the end,at last,afterwards（以后）,meanwhile（几乎同时）,thereafter（在那以后）,last,finally,eventually（终于）等。,第47页,（9）表换一个方式表示过渡词：in other words,that is to say,to put it another way等。,（10）表进行举例说明过渡词：for instance,for example,take as an example,namely,such as,like,in other words,that is to say,that is等。,（11）表陈说事实过渡词：in fact,actually,as a matter of fact,to tell you the truth等。,（12）表强调过渡词：certainly,indeed,above all,surely,most important,in fact,no doubt,without any doubt,truly,of course,actually,as a matter of fact,chiefly,especially,primarily,in particular,undoubtedly,absolutely,等。,第48页,（13）表比较、对比过渡词：like,unlike,in the same way,similarly,be similar to,on the contrary,by contrast,on one hand,on the other hand,otherwise 等。,（14）表目标过渡词：for this reason,for this purpose,so that,in order to,so as to等。,（15）表总结过渡词：in a word(总之，简言之),in general,in short(总之),generally speaking,to sum up,finally,in conclusionin summary,on the whole等。,（16）表增补过渡词：in addition,furthermore,besides,moreover,whats more等。,第49页,数词主关键点拨,第50页,一、基数词及其主要使用方法：,表示数目标词称基数词。,15,fifteen,242,two hundred and forty-two，,5058,five thousand and fifty-eight，,9,600,000 nine million six hundred thousand,数词,第51页,1.基数词能够用于数字计算。,6+8=14 Six,plus,eight,is,fourteen.,9-7=2 Nine,minus,seven,is,two.,7X5=35 Seven,times,five,is,thirty-five.,84=2 Eight,divided by,four,is,two.,2基数词能够表示人大致年纪和年代。,He died,in his fifties,.,This took place,in 1990s/1990s.,The professor became successful,in his thirties.,数词,第52页,3基数词能够用来表示年份、时间、电话号码。,1700,seventeen hundred,1814,eighteen fourteen,9:20,nine twenty,11:30,eleven thirty/half past eleven,5:45,five forty-five/a quarter to six,4基数词能够用于编号。,Number six,line 4,page 19,Bus(No.)332,Platform(No.)5,Room 101,数词,第53页,5基数词能够和其它词一起组成合成形容词，在句子中作定语。,A one-month-old,baby,can recognize its mother by smell.,This eleven-month-old,baby,can speak a few words.,(The baby is,eleven months old,.),The teacher asked us to write,a four-thousand-word,essay,as our homework.,(There are four thousand words in the essay.),This four-paragraph essay,is too difficult for me to understand.,(There are,four paragraphs,in this essay.),数词,第54页,二、序数词及其主要使用方法,表示次序词称为序数词。如first,second,third,fourth,ninth,twenty-first,forty-fifth等。,序数词能够用来表示日期和世纪。,May the first/the first of May(5.1),August the eighth/the eighth of August(8.8),the twentieth century,the twenty-first century,序数词在句子中前面普通加the,The first of October is our National Day.,She was the third to arrive.,序数词在句子中前面加不定冠词，表示再一又一。,Theyll have to do it a second time.,Shall I ask him a third time?,When he sat down,a fourth man rose to ask.,数词,第55页,三、分数词组成,分数分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示；,若分子大于1，分母需用复数。,two-thirds,(2/3),one-third,(1/3),nine-tenths(9/10),(5/12),five-twelfths,特殊表示法有：one half(1/2),a quarter(1/4),three quarters(3/4)。,数词,第56页,数词部分需尤其注意dozen,hundred,million,billion,表示详细数字时，这些词用单数形式；,表示不详细数字时，须用dozens of,hundreds of 这类结构。,I want,three dozen,eggs/of these.,He has been there,dozens of,times.,It is reported that _ people in this area were saved in the storm.,A.hundred B.hundred of,C.hundreds of D.some hundreds,(答案 C),考试重点:,数词,第57页,当数词与名词组成合成形容词时，合成形容词中间若用连字符，则其中名词须用单数形式。,The homework for the next period is to write,a two-hundred-word composition,about your hometown.,Mary is,a eleven-year-old girl,.,(Mary is,eleven years old,.),数词,第58页,1.It is _ from my school to the railway station.(10真题),two-hours walk B.two-hours walk,C.two-hour walk D.a two-hour walk,数词,第59页,