Unit-7-增词法市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 7,增词法,Amplification,课时：,2,节,教学目标要求：,经过学习，同学们能够了解翻译时并学会翻译中怎样使用增词法策略。,教学重点：,依据意义和修辞需要增加词语。,教学难点：,惯用语或短语翻译需要增加词语,1/33,在了解英语和汉语句法结构差异基础上，在准确了解原文基础上，判断原文在什么地方有省略或需要增加词句，才能用另一个语言准确表示出来。在翻译时，准确地增加适当词，,准确、通顺地表示原文思想内容。,2/33,I.What is amplification,By amplification,also called addition,means supplying necessary words in our translation work on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original so as to make the version correct and clear,to make it appear more like the language translated into.,3/33,Example:,把,presidential historian,翻译成“总统历史学家”，意思就不够清楚,.,假如翻译成“,研究,总统历史学家”就更轻易让人明白了。,For mistakes had been made,bad ones,he was severely criticized.,“,因为已经犯了错误，很严重，他受到了严厉批评”,“因为已经犯了错误，,而且,是很严重错误，他受到了严厉批评”,4/33,Rocket research,has proved the strange fact.,经过火箭进行研究,How she wished she could send that man to the Furiesfor the punishment she thought he deserved.,Furies,希神,复仇女神,(“,土地”和“黑暗”三个女儿,以清算罪恶为职责,被描绘成庄重、漂亮女郎,Fury,为其中之一,),她真想把那个,臭,男人交给那母夜叉去整改整改,也好让她出口恶气。,5/33,II.依据意义或修辞需要,1,.,增加动词：因为意义上需要及英汉语言上差异，英语中重复用词情况较少，而汉语有时为了到达一定修辞效果，经常使用重合或排比句，翻译成汉语时需要在名词前增加动词。,6/33,1),In the evening,after the,banquets,the,concerts,and the,table tennis exhibitions,he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu.,晚上在（参加）宴会、（出席）音乐会、（观看）乒乒球演出之后，他还得起草最终公报。,2),Matter can be changed into energy,and energy into matter.,物质能够转换成能量，能量能够转化为物质。,7/33,3),His parents cannot afford the loss of their son;our young son,his father;and I my husband.,他（王伟）父母不能失去儿子，我们儿子不能失去父亲，我不能失去丈夫。,4),My work,my family and my friends were more than enough to fill my time.,我,干,工作，,做,家务，朋友往来，这些占用了我全部时间。,5),Reading makes a full man,conference a ready man and writing an exact man.,读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。,8/33,2.增加形容词,1),With what,enthusiasm,the Chinese people are building socialism.,中国人民正在以多么,高,热情建设社会主义啊！,2),It will make a man of him in the college.,在那所大学里，一定能把他造就成,堂堂,男子汉。,3）,What a girl she is!See,she is speaking loudly while eating.,这女孩子真不礼貌！一边吃，一边大声说话。,9/33,3.增加副词,依据原文上下文，有些动词在一定场所可增加适当副词，以确切表示原意。,1),After the thunderstorm,the clouds melted away.,雷雨过后，乌云,渐渐,散去。,2),Now and then,his boots shone.,他靴子时时,闪闪,发光。,3),A seagull saw the light from my window and darted up to it.,一只海鸥看见从我窗户透出灯光，,一下子,扑了上去。,10/33,4.增加名词,A.,不及物动词后增加名词,因为英语中有及物动词和不及物动词之分，有时宾语隐藏在动词后面，翻译成汉语时需要把宾语补充出来。,To do some shopping,买,东西,To do some washing,洗,衣服,He began to see things and to understand.,他开了眼界，懂了,一些名堂,。,11/33,He ate and drank,for he was exhausted.,因为疲惫了，他吃了些东西，喝了点酒。,The invading troops looted and raped wherever they went.,入侵士兵处处抢劫,财物,，奸污,妇女。,12/33,B.,在形容词前增加名词,1)“,It is really,nice and cheap,.You will regret for not buying it later.”,这真是,物,美,价,廉，你不买会后悔。,2),She was walking in the street alone,weary and ragged.,她独自一人走在大街上,面容,憔悴，,衣衫褴褛,。,3),She is extroverted,smiling all the day.,她,性格,开朗，整天,面,带笑容。,4),He is a complicated man-moody,mercurial,with a melancholy streak,（,element,trace,）,.,他是个性格复杂人喜怒无常，重复多变，有些忧郁寡欢（郁郁寡欢）。,13/33,C.,抽象名词和,形容词派生出来抽象名词，翻译时可依据上下文在其后面增添适当名词，使译文更符合汉语习惯，表示更为准确。,to persuade,说服,persuasion,to prepare,准备,preparation,to resolve,处理,resolution,backward,落后,backwardness,tense,担心,tension,arrogant,高傲,arrogance,mad,疯狂,madness,14/33,antagonistic,敌对,antagonism,patriotic,爱国,patriotism,romantic,浪漫,romance,complacent,自满,complacency,necessary,必要,necessity,15/33,1),The,remedies,you proposed are neat and easy but impossible.,你提补救办法倒是洁净利落，轻而易举，不过行不通。,2),From,the evaporation,of water people know that liquids can turn into gases under certain condition.,人们从水蒸发觉象了解到，液体在一定条件下能变成气体。,16/33,5.,增加表示复数词：因为汉语名词复数没有词形改变，很多情况下无须表示出来，但有时需要经过增加“们，各位，诸位”等。如“各位领导，各位嘉宾，老师们，同学们，大家好！”（,ladies and gentlemen）,A,.,增加重合词表示复数,1),Flowers,bloom al,l,over the yard.（,朵朵）,2),Newsmen,went flying off to Iraq to get the latest news.,（,记者纷纷）,3),There were,rows,of houses which he,h,ad never seen before.,17/33,B.增加数词或其它词,1),The lion is the king of animals.,（,百,兽之王）,2),The very earth trembled as with the tramps of horses and murmur of angry men.,连大地都震动了，好像,万,马飞跃，,千,夫怒吼。,3),She passed the exams with the help of the classmates.,同学们,18/33,4),The US had a brief period of regional feudalism during the period of slavery in the southern states.,南方,各,州,5),Note that the words“sense”and“sensitivity”are different.,两个,词不一样,19/33,Senseany of the five powers of the body by which a person receives knowledge of things in the world around,i.e.sight,hearing,smell,taste and touch,Sensitivity:quality or degree of being sensitive,20/33,6.,增加表示时间词：因为英汉语言差异，英语动词随时态改变而改变，而汉语动词没有词形改变，但有时为了表示需要和准确性，需要增加一些表示时间词如：曾，曾经，已经，过了，了，那时，此时，当初，在，正在,着，将将要，就要，就会，便等。,1),She came to the school in 1998.She had taught English in two schools.,在那以前,2),The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him.,曾经,21/33,3),Whereas Kissinger had once needed Nixon as a channel to power,Nixon now needed Kissinger to help him remain in power.,当年,，基辛格,曾,需要尼克松援引而取得权势，而今（如今），尼克松需要基辛格帮他继续掌权。,4),They say his father was a fisherman.Maybe he was as poor as we are.,从前,他父亲是个渔夫，他,过去,跟我们,现在,一样穷。,22/33,5),My father is cooking,but my mother watching TV.,我父亲在煮饭，而妈妈,正,看电视。,6),I knew it quite well as I know it now.,我当初（过去）就跟现在一样清楚。,7.,汉语中语气词很多，如：，吧，呢，啊，呀，嘛，啦，了，罢了，而已在翻译时，需要在准确了解原文意义和修辞色彩基础上增加适当语气词。,23/33,1),Dont take it seriously.Im just making fun of you.,不要认真嘛，我只不过开开玩笑罢了（而已）。,2),As for her,she did not love him from the very beginning.,（,她呢，从一开始就没爱过他）,3),That shop has been moved for ages,dont you know?,24/33,8.,增加量词：英语中数词与可数名词直接连用，他们之间没有量词，而汉语必须借助量词，所以，翻译时需要增加量词。,A,.A bikea desk,A computera tractor,An apartment a full moon,A gifta paper,25/33,1)A stream was winding its way through the valley into the river.,一弯,溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到江里去了。,2),This too was a complete lie.,那是一,派,胡言。,B,英语中有些动词或者动作名词，翻译时需要增加一些表示行为、动作量动量词。,Eg.Have a rest,have a wash(,洗一下),1）,He gave her a sly look.,他狡猾地看了她,一眼,。,2),Please come in and take a look.,请,进,来看一看。,26/33,9.增加概括词,有时候把英语翻译成汉语时，需要把句中连词省略掉而增加概括词。,1),The Americans and Japanese conducted a completely secret exchange of message.,美日,双方,在完全保密情况下交换了情报,。,2),The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers,artificial satellites and rockets.,三方面,成就,27/33,3),The principal functions that may be performed by vacuum tubes are rectification,amplification,oscillation,modulation and detection.,(整流，放大，震荡，调制，检波),（,五大,主要功效）,4),You and I are good friends.We should trust each other.（,你我,两人,）,28/33,10.增加承上启下词：在翻译时，尤其是进行语篇翻译时，更需要目标语连贯性，以准确表示原文意义，这就需要增加适当词以起承上启下作用。,1),For mistakes had been made,bad ones.,因为已经犯了许多错误，,而且还是,很糟糕错误。,2),Yes,I like Chinese food.Lots of people do these days.Sort of the fashion.,不错，我是喜欢中国菜。现在很多人都喜欢中国菜，,这种情况,算是有点赶时髦吧。,29/33,II.,依据惯使用方法需要,1,）,He intends to drop names.,他经常提及名人或有权有势人，方便提升自己身价让人对自己刮目相看。,To be nice more than wise,因爱面子而损害自己实际利益,To see how the cat jumps,先观望一下形势，然后再行动,To run as fast as ones legs can carry one,用尽吃奶力气拼命地跑,To be a back-seat driver,喜欢插手超越自己职责范围事务,30/33,2)Their“May-December”marriage ended in a stormy divorce.,他们两个人婚姻是老夫配少妻，,最终吵得昏天黑地,，只好以离婚散伙而告终。,3,）,Britain suffered a considerable brain drain to the United States after World War II.,第二次世界大战以后，英国人才外流严重，许多精英都去了美国，这给英国造成了很大损失。,31/33,4,）,Taking cars off the streets does not create a new city centre;something must be added such as beauty and usefulness,as well as a good transportation plan.,禁止汽车在街道上行使并不能创造出一个新城市中心。除了一个好交通规划以外，还必须增加一些诸如美和有用东西。,X,禁止汽车在街道上行使并不能创造出崭新城市中心。要使市中心彻底翻新，需要很好规划交通，同时还要对城市进行美化以及增添实用有效公共设施。,32/33,课后学习网络资源:,惯用翻译技巧(增词法),：,翻译技巧点拨,33/33,