全国大学生英语竞赛NECCS辅导.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,NECCS,全国大学生英语竞赛,C,类预赛,词汇,结构 阅读了解 写作乔 海 青,1/88,一,|,、,NECCS,C,类命题要求,大学英语课程教学要求,三个层次英语能力要求：,普通要求：,1.,听力了解能力：每分钟,130-150,词,2.,口语表示能力：能在学习过程中用英语交流，主题讨论，日常话题,作简短讲话。,3.,阅读了解能力：每分钟,70,词。,4.,书面表示能力：,30,分钟,120,词,推荐词汇量：约,4795,个单词和,700,个词组,(,含中学应掌握词汇,),，其中约,个单词为主动词汇,。,2/88,较高要求：,1.,听力了解能力：每分钟,150180,词,2.,口语表示能力：比较流利会话，能基本表示个人意见、情感、观点等，能基本陈说事实、理由和描述事件，表示清楚，语音、语气基本正确。,3.,阅读了解能力：每分钟,7090,词。,4.,书面表示能力：半小时内写出不少于,150-160,词。,推荐词汇量：约,6395,个单词和,1200,个词组,(,包含中学和普通要求应该掌握词汇,),，其中约,2200,个单词,(,包含普通要求应该掌握主动词汇,),为主动词汇。,3/88,更高要求,1.,听力了解能力：基本听懂英语国家广播电视节目，能听懂英语国家人士正常语速谈话。能听懂用英语讲授专业课程和英语讲座。,2.,口语表示能力：能较为流利、准确地就普通或专业性话题进行对话或讨论，能在国际会议和专业交流中宣读论文并参加讨论。,3.,阅读了解能力：能读懂有一定难度文章，能阅读国外英语报刊杂志上文章，能比较顺利地阅读所学专业英语文件和资料。,4.,书面表示能力：在半小时内写出不少于,200,词说明文或议论文,推荐词汇量：掌握词汇量应到达约,7675,个单词和,1870,个词组,(,包含中学、普通要求和较高要求应该掌握词汇，但不包含专业词汇,),，其中约,2360,个单词为主动词汇。,4/88,二、题型介绍,1.,赛卷组成：,Part I Listening Comprehension(25minutes,30marks),Part II Vocabulary and Structure(10minutes,15marks),Part III Reading Comprehension(20minutes,35marks),Part IV Cloze(15minutes,15 marks),Part V Translation(15minutes,20 marks),Part VI IQ Test(5minutes,5 marks),Part VII Writing(30minutes,30 marks,),5/88,2,、主讲题型介绍,Part II Vocabulary and Structure(10minutes,15marks),共,15,题,共计,15,分,答题时间为,10,分钟。,近年测试内容题数统计,测试内容词汇,5,6,6,7,8,语法,5,7,7,6,5,情景,/,语境,5,2,2,2,2,6/88,二、词汇与结构解题技巧,A.,词汇,1,、利用动词词组中介词或副词确定正确选项,1,）,Having decided to rent a flat,，,we,contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city,。,A,）,set about B,）,set down C,）,set out D,）,set up,A,）,2,）,When he realized the police had spotted him,，,the man,the exit as quickly as possible,A,）,made off B,）,made for C,）,made out D,）,made up,B,）,7/88,2,利用动词词组中动词确定选项,If you,the bottle and cigarettes,，,youll be much healthier,A,）,take off B,）,keep off C,）,get off D,）,set off,B,）,3,释义参考型近义词,The manager spoke highly of such,as loyalty,，,courage and truthfulness shown by his employees,A,）,virtues B,）,features C,）,properties D,）,characteristics,A,）,8/88,4,因果参考型近义词,1,）,Some old people dont like pop songs because they cant,so much noise,A,）,resist B,）,sustain C,）,tolerate D,）,undergo,C,）,5,转折或反义与对比参考型,1,）,Even though he was guilty,，,the,judge did not send him to prison,A,）,merciful B,）,impartial C,）,conscientious D,）,conspicuous,A,）其它三项意思：,B,）正直、公正；,C,）有良心；,D,）显著。,9/88,6,反义对比参考型近义词,1,）,Competition,，,they believe,，,the national character than corrupt it,A,）,enforces B,）,confirms,C,）,intensifies D,）,strengthens,D,）,7,语意环境参考型,1,）,The president made a,speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting,，,which encouraged the sportsmen greatly,A,）,vigorous B,）,tedious C,）,flat D,）,harsh,A,）,10/88,8,依据词同现确定正确选择项,1,）,The government is trying to go something to,better understanding between the two countries,A,）,raise B,）,promote,C,）,heighten D,）,increase,B,）,2,）,Remember that customers dont,about prices in that city,A,）,debate B,）,consult,C,）,dispute D,）,bargain,D,）,11/88,2.,词汇识记法,2.1,机械重复法,机械重复模式即采取机械地重复英文单词音义关系、形义关系,从而记忆词汇。,2.2,构词解析法,英语词汇构词方式主要有合成、派生和转换。,合成：将两个或两个以上单词组合在一起,从而形成一个新单词,即复合词,如,:mainland,mankind,leadership,。,派生：指在词根上加上词缀而形成新词,如,:op+poseoppose,in+differentindifferent,。,转换：指词形,词性改变,如,:invade,vt.,入侵,侵略,侵袭,invasion,n.,入侵,侵略,;,侵犯。,12/88,2.3,汉字谐音法,/,拟音法,用汉语发音来模拟英文单词部分或者全部读音,然后把这个汉语描绘与单词词义组合成一个汉语短语,来帮助记忆单词一个方法。如,:,ponderous,拟音“胖得要死”,义,粗笨“,lobster,拟音“老不死”,义“龙虾“,13/88,jaw,拟音,“,嚼,”,义,n.,颚,上下颚,口部。,Long live Chairman Mao!,拟音“狼来否吃面包”,义“毛主席万岁“14/88,2.4,语境融正当,语境融合模式是指将单词置于句子或课文中加以记忆策略。这种策略是将新词汇信息链接在已经有信息上,是记忆联结表达。,读：,1.,对孤立词重复是一个低层处理,记忆效果差,;,2.,将词与所处语法结构结合起来,则是一个较深层处理,记忆效果最好,;,3.,所选文章生词量宜控制在,5%,以内,而且阅读后做一些词汇练习,这么才会有显著词汇收获,;,4.,经过阅读进行语义加工属于语言深层次加工。学习者对信息加工层次越深,保持效果越好。,15/88,2.5,熟词图像嫁接法,把熟悉词汇或词根作为关键词与剩下字母或字母组合嫁接在一起,形成视觉图像方法叫熟词图像嫁接法。,左脑：,“理性脑”或“抽象思维脑”,主管人言语、阅读、书写、计算、分析、归纳、推理等,;,右脑：,“感性脑”或“艺术脑”,主要责任人知觉、图形、综合、空间、知觉、想象、艺术创造、扩散思维等。,方法：,a.,划出生词中已知词汇或词根作为关键词,;,spark,s,park,pill,p,ill,string,st,ring,16/88,b.,将剩下字母形成视觉图像，如：,A a,苹果或帽子,B b,花生、大肚皮或男孩,C c,耳朵、弯月或猫,P p,路牌,S s,美女或蛇,action,爱心或爱神,br,病人等,st,石头等,17/88,3.,将剩下字母视觉图像与关键词嫁接,并与生词词义之间展开视觉表象联想或语句联想；,spark,n.,火花,火星,s(,美女,)+park(,公园,),和美女在公园约会,燃起爱情火花,pill n.,药丸,丸片,p(,路牌,)+ill(,病,),他在路牌边病倒了,于是吃了药丸,/,药片,string n.,线,细绳,;,一串,st(,石头,)+ring(,戒指,),石头做戒指串了根细绳,morose n.,忧伤郁闷,mo()+rose,（玫瑰）,“,没有玫瑰”所以“忧伤郁闷”,18/88,2.6,纵横字谜联想法,:,记新词想旧词编短句,harp,（竖琴）,hard,（坚固）,坚固竖琴,ferry,（渡口）,merry,（高兴）,高兴渡口,carpet,（地毯）,car+pet(,汽车,+,宠物,),汽车载着宠物行驶在地毯上,barrack,（兵营）,bar+rack(,酒吧,+,折磨,),泡酒吧如同折磨人兵营,morose,n.,忧伤郁闷,mo,+,rose,（莫有,+,玫瑰）,“没有玫瑰”所以“忧伤郁闷”,19/88,2.7,串烧法,2.71,简单串烧,串烧发是以相同字母组合为主脉排序成串（次序,/,逆序）。,如,:,train,s,train,res,train,cons,train,train trein n.,列车,;,一连串,系列,v.,训练,培养,strain strein vt./vi./n.,拉紧,;,拖紧,;,伸张,restrain ri strein,vt.,抑制,遏制,;,控制,限制,;,约束,阻止。,constrain k ns trein vt.,强迫,迫使,;,限制,;,束缚,;,拘禁,;,压制,抑制。,这种将识记材料成串思维过程在心理学中被称为组块化,是记忆活动中,最主要方法,。它能将较小记忆单位结合成较大记忆单元,以扩大短时记忆容量，,提升记忆效率,。,20/88,2.7.2,故事串烧法：,记新词想旧词排列成串编故事,profiteer,engin,eer,，,p,eer,，,pion,eer,，,st,eer,，,sn,eer,，,volunt,eer,排列成串：,pion,eer,（拓荒者），,sn,eer,（蔑视）,p,eer,（同龄人,/,权贵），,volunt,eer,（志愿），,engin,eer,（工程师），,st,eer,（掌舵，,profit,eer,（投机,牟求暴利）,编短篇：,拓荒者蔑视权贵,/,同龄人，志愿为工程师掌舵，牟求暴利。,21/88,2.8,音形识记法,（拼读规则）,2.9,其它识记法,试图回想法,构词法,词源分析法,归类记忆法,广泛阅读法,口头操演法,22/88,B.,结构,常考考点：,1.,复合句,（名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句）；,2.,虚拟语气；,3.,非谓语动词；,4.,时态；,5.,冠词；,6.,情态动词；,7.,平行结构；,8.,倒装；,9.,被动语态,10.“it”,形式主语,/,宾语,23/88,情景对话题,24/88,Part III Reading Comprehension(40marks,),题型,Y/N/NG,True or False,Filling Missing Words,共,5,题,1,篇短文,短文后有,5,个不完整句子,要求考生阅读文章之后填空。,Short Answer Questions,共,5,题,有,1,篇文章,要求考生在阅读文章之后回答下列问题或补足不完整句子,(,答案不超出,10,个词,),。,Summary,共,5,题,1,篇文章,文章后有一段文字对文章内容进行总结，该段文字中设置出,5,个空格要求考生阅读文章之后依据文章内容并使用文章中词适当形式填写。,Multiple Choice,Match,25/88,应试技巧,1.,True or False,Y/N/NG,Y,全对,N,错一点以上,NG,一点以上没提到,应试技巧,1,）数信息点；,2,）文中定位；,3,）找信息点：,26/88,2.,其余题型,1),划出题干定位词,/,关键词：,人名、地名、专有名词、数字等,2),依据定位词定位；,3),扫描,（定位词变体、同义词、近义词,),4),答题,.,27/88,提升阅读速度技巧,（,1,）提升整篇文章阅读速度方法,:,读首尾段,;,跳读,;,读每段都重复词,/,同义词,.,28/88,（,2,）提升段落阅读速度方法,:,读主题句,;,读表示转折,(but,however,nevertheless),后内容；,结论,(so,therefore,thus),后内容,（,3,）提升句子阅读速度方法,:,意群阅读,读,key words,；,读,key idea,（读主句主谓宾中心词）,;,句中有,and,or,because(since,as),读半句,.,29/88,信号词,传统意义信号词,A.,顺接和递进,first,first of all,above all,to begin with,second,then,also,next,third,furthermore,moreover,what is more,in addition,firstly,secondly,eventually,finally,another,the second,the most,the best,30/88,B.,因果关系,as,because,since,since,for,so,as a result,consequently,therefore,thus,the caused of as a result,result in,lead to,stem from,derive from,in that,C.,举例,for example,for instance,that is to say,i.e.,such as,including,that is,a case in point,31/88,D.,对比和转折,however,but,although,nevertheless,while,yet,still,on the other hand,by comparison,on the contrary;someother,E.,相同,similarly,in other words,that is,put another way,32/88,F.,强调作用,in fact,in essence,in particular,emphasize,33/88,非传统意义信号词,A.,表示客观结论,indicate that,suggest that,find out,conclude that,point out,report that,demonstrate that,eg.But Byers points out that the benefits of increased exercise disappear rapidly after training stops,so any improvement in endurance resulting from juvenile play would be lost by adulthood.,34/88,B.,表示主观观点,statements,opinions,say,believe,argue that,maintain that,claim,eg.The UCSF researchers maintain that the simplest and most cost-effective action is to establish smoke-free work places,schools and public places.,35/88,C.,特殊符号,word,word,eg.In very significant cases of role changefrom a soldier in the ranks to officer,from bachelor to married man,the change of role has to have a very obvious sign,hence rituals.,36/88,Part VII Writing,(30minutes,30 marks),共,2,题,共计,30,分,答题时间为,30,分钟。,Task I,:,应用文,letter,email,twitter/microblog,notice,memo,lecture,note,notification,poster,abstract,advertisement,report,rsum,37/88,近几年已考题型,年份,命题要求,a letter explaining why,（,80-120w,）,a letter asking for information,（,80-120w,）,Email(no fewer than 80 words),notice(no fewer than 100 words),38/88,Task II,议论文、说明文、汇报,近几年已考题型,年份,命题要求,A report about fashion industries(no fewer than 120 words),A report about fashion industries(no fewer than 120 words),A report about fashion industries(no fewer than 120 words),An article entitled,“”,(no fewer than 120 words),39/88,怎样准备,Task I,？,一、书信,(,一,),格式,1,、日期：,Apr.5,5 Apr.,5th April,Apr.5th,其中，最为通用。,40/88,2,、称呼（,Salutation,）,收信人称呼,先生（男人）,Mr./Esq.,夫人（已婚）,Mrs.,小姐（未婚）Miss,夫人、小姐统称,Ms.,夫妇俩人,Mr.and Mrs.,两位或两位以上男子,Messrs,两位或两位以上女子（已婚）,Mesdames,两位或两位以上小姐（未婚）,Misses,41/88,常见头衔（汉英对照）以下：,教授,Professor,博士,Docor(Dr.,Ph.D.),医学博士,Medical Doctor(M.D.),总统或校长,President,主席或董事长,Chairman,副主席或副董事长,Vice Chairman,副总统或副校长,Vice President,首相,Prime Minister,总理,Premier,42/88,省长或州长,Governor,市长,Mayor,参议员,Senator,大使,Ambassador,秘书长,Secretary General,一秘,First Secretary,二秘,Second Secretary,院长,Director,Dean,副院长,Vice Director,系主任,Dean,Head,馆长,Chief Librarian,Curator,阁下,Excellency,43/88,3.,信正文（,Body of the Letter,）,事务性信件,:,开门见山，内容简单明了，条理清楚,;,私人信件,:,一两句客套马上转入正题，信写好之后若有什么遗漏，可用,P.S.,表示补叙。,44/88,起首语：,1)Thank you for your letter dated Dec.22,1969.,2)Many thanks for your letter of Sept.5,，,1997.,3)A thousand thanks for your kind letter of June 5,1997.,4)Your kind letter of November 22th arrived this morning.,5)Your letter which arrived this morning gave me great comfort.,6)In reply to your letter dated 4th July,I want to say,7)Thank you very much for your letter of August 2 and the gift you sent me on Christmas Eve.,45/88,8)What a treat to receive your kind letter of May 5th!,9)It is always a thrill to see your nice handwriting.,10)First of all I must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me.,11)With great delight I learn from your letter of this Sunday that,14)I am very much pleased to inform you that my visit to your country has been approved.,15)I wish to apply for teaching position you are offering.,16)I am too excited and delighted at your good news.,17)I am very obliged to;you for your warm congratulations.,46/88,4.,结束语（,Complimentary Close,）,结束语是写信人表示自己对收信人一个谦称，低于正文一行，从信纸中间或偏右地方开始写。结束语视写信人与收信人关系而定。,1,）,Awaiting your good news,2)Looking forward to your early reply,3)Hoping to hear from you soon,4)We await your good news.,5)I hope to hear from you very soon.,6)We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.,7)I look forward to our next meeting there in Los Angeles.,47/88,8)Your early reply will be highly appreciated.,9)Any other particulars wanted we shall be pleased to send you.,10)The help you give me is sincerely valued.,11)I hope everything will be well with you.,12)Please let us know if you want more information.,13)I hope you always enjoy yourself.,14)I wish you very success in the coming year.,15)Please remember me to your family.,16)With best regards to your family.,17)All the best.,18)With love and good wishes.,48/885.,落款,(Signature),最惯用：,Yours Sincerely,，,(,用于各种关系人之间,),较正式：,Yours Faithfully,；,亲人,/,挚友间：,Love from,其它：,Yours truly,Truly yours,，,Yours faithfully,Faithfully yours,，,Yours sincerely,Sincerely yours,，,Yours respectfully,Yours gratefully,，,Yours,Ever yours,Yours affectionately,Lovingly yours,，,49/88,(二,),常考书信写作,申请信,1,、正文由部分组成,:,(1),说明得知消息起源,(2),介绍自己个人信息及其个人经历,(3),留下个人联络方式,2,、推荐模板,50/88,Date,Dear,I am writing to apply for Here is my,personal information for you.,If my application could be taken into,favorable consideration,I would be most,grateful.,Enclosed are my score reports on all,subjects and two recommendations.,Yours sincerely,Name,51/88,Date,Dear,I am writing to express my great interest,in,and Id like to apply as,I would be very grateful if you grant me,an interview.,Yours sincerely,Name,52/88,3,、惯用开头,:,(1)I am writing to ask whether you could send me some information about your college as well as application forms,(2)I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to do graduate study in your university.,(3)Thank you very much for the information you sent me about your college and for the application forms,which I am returning with three letters of recommendation,a certified copy of my transcript and,53/88,(4)Thank you for your enquiry about the possibility of coming as a Visiting Scholar to the Department of We should be very pleased to welcome you here,and to invite you to participate in the activities of the Department.,(5)And I am looking forward your early reply,(6)If you want to know more about me,please contact me at,54/88,July20,Dear Sirs,(1)I am interested in graduate study in physics,with the ultimate goal of teaching at the college level,and would like to talk with you about the requirements of your department.,(2)After my graduation from Peking University in,I worked for several years before my marriage as a teacher in Open College.During that time I completed three graduate courses at Zhe Jiang University,but did not finish my masters degree.(3)A resume of my background and experience is enclosed.,55/88,I could probably manage almost a full schedule if necessary.However,I would prefer to begin on a more limited basis if this could be arranged.,(4)I will call your office in a few days for an appointment.,Yours sincerely,Kim,56/88,称呼语,(1),说明想要申请部门,套语,I am interested in,对,十分感兴趣开,头直接表明自己有意向继续深造,(2),简述个人经历从北京大学毕业后,结婚前,在,Open College,当了几年老师,(3)A resume of my background and,experience is enclosed.,并说明已附上简历,.,(4),表示会亲自造访,落款,57/88,Task II,1,、议论文,三要素：论点、论据和论证。,惯用方法有：归纳法：从分析经典，即分析个别事物入手，找出事共同特点，然后得出结论。,推理法：从普通原理出发，对个别事物进行说明、分析，而后得出结论。,对照法：对全部事实、方面进行对照，然后加以分析，得出结论。,驳论法：先列犯错误观点，然后加以逐条批驳，最终说明自己观点。,58/88,2,、说明文,经过揭示概念来说明事物特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确科学知识或正确。,可分为：实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类。词典、论文、试验汇报、产品说明书、广告、讲解词及科学小品等都属于说明文。,59/88,3,、应试方法：,预设：篇 句 词 题,篇章结构,结构模块,衔接过渡,60/88,(1)some/others/I,Nowadays,there are two different attitudes towards,.Some people hold the idea that,For instance,.So they believe that,.,But,on the other hand,others have a quite different view.They argue that,for the following two reasons.For one thing,.For another,.In a word,they think,.,As far as I am concerned,I prefer to,.because this choice fits,my personality and my life-long belief,.,61/88,应用：,Can Money buy Happiness?,Nowadays,there are two different attitudes towards,money,.Some people hold the idea that,money can buy happiness for they can do anything they want with money,.For instance,with money they can buy a beautiful house,a wonderful car,.So they believed that,money means everything,.,But,on the other hand,others have a quite different view.They argue that,money can not,62/88,always buy happiness,for the following two reasons.For one thing,happiness is more than money and happiness involves love,friendship,health,.For another,money can not buy true love,devoted friendship and health,.In a word,they think,money means something but not everything,.,As far as I am concerned,I prefer,to the second opinion,because this choice fits,my personality and my life-long belief,.,63/88,Recently,there have been some heated disputes as to,.Some people claim that,.For example,，,.,Consequently,it is their belief that,.,However,when it comes to this issue,othe