英语四级段落翻译高招.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,英语四级新题型,翻译提分有高招,1/104,一、复习提议：,1.加强历史、文化、经济以及社会发展相关热词积累 2.广撒网，学习、琢磨这些话题相关难点单句训练 做这些单句训练时，先阅读1遍整个段落，专门挑出自己以为比较难翻句子，然后重点练习这一句翻译。难句会了，简单句自然不在话下。在做单句翻译时，先尝试自己翻，翻完以后，对照答案，看解析，总结和琢磨其中好词汇和表示。,2/104,一、复习提议：,1.对于大多多年轻人来说，结婚意味着独立组建家庭，然而物价不停上涨使这一切变得越来越困难。参考译文：For most young people,marriage means setting up a family independently,which has become increasingly difficult because of the constantly rising prices.词汇点评：组建家庭：set up a family。有同学轻易使用start a family。start a family表示begin to have children“开始生儿育女”。越来越：普通看到“越来越”大家习惯译为more and more，比如“越来越多人”more and more people，但译为a growing number of people可令人眼前为之一亮；而表示“变得越来越”含义时，使用become increasingly译法更加好。物价不停上涨：constantly rising prices，而不是price rising。,3/104,表示点评：本句是一个表转折关系并列句，后半句中“物价不停上涨使这一切”中“这一切”指代前半句中提到“结婚意味着独立组建家庭”，所以，用which引导非限制性定语从句，让整个句子简练明了。使字句翻译：“物价不停上涨”是“这一切变得困难”原因，所以处理为原因状语，用because of来带出原因。,4/104,2.过去十年中国房地产（real estate）行业高速发展。参考译文：The past decade has witnessed a high-speed development in Chinas real estate.词汇点评：十年：decade 高速发展：develop rapidly;high-speed development,5/104,表示点评：本句可直译为For the past decade,Chinas real estate developed rapidly，但假如以“过去十年”作为主语，套用句型time+see/witness+sth.则表示愈加生动形象，更易提分。see/witness意为“见证，证实”，详细使用时注意时态应和语境一致。所以本句译为：The past decade has witnessed更地道，注意这里使用现在完成时。“过去十年”作主语时，注意动词短语“高速发展”要转换为名词短语。,6/104,3.胡同（Hutong）是北京一大特色，有着与北京城一样久远历史。参考译文：Hutong,with a history as long as that of Beijing city,is a major feature of Beijing.词汇点评：特色：feature;characteristic 与一样：as as,7/104,表示点评：文化类段落翻译中经常考到“特色”一词翻译，大家一定要切记。前半句“胡同（Hutong）是北京一大特色”是句子主干，后半句“有着与北京城一样久远历史”可用介词短语with a history as long as that of Beijing city来表示，以插入语形式置于主语之后，这么整个句子中心更突出。,8/104,二、考场“强心针”,1.问：翻译过程中，表示优美主要，还是正确性主要？答：正确性更主要。假如以为自己不能翻得尤其好，那就首先确保尽可能少语法错误，意思表示到即可，抓到分是关键。,9/104,2.问：平时积累了不少词汇和表示，到了翻译段落时，突然不会了，最终翻得不是太好？答：这种情况分两种原因：1）太急着下笔，段落含义没有了解透彻。同学在做汉译英时，一定要首先认真把整个汉字段落多读几遍，理顺其中隐含逻辑关系和信息，确定用哪个词做主语、谓语、定语，然后再下笔真正开始翻译。2）同学语法功底稍有欠缺，这种情况，尽可能把汉语长句子拆成短句子。一样是要多读汉字，才能先把汉字拆分好，然后逐句、逐句去翻译。,10/104,3.问：我翻译时态总跟答案时态有出入，怎么办？答：举几个实例来跟同学讲解下。1）碰到“近年来某种现象越来越”表示。首先琢磨该现象是否有“正在进行而且将一直连续下去趋势”，假如符合该条件，使用现在进行时就能够把这个隐含意义完美表示出来。2）强调过去某一现象或从过去延续至今动作对现在造成影响，多用现在完成时态。比如“过去十年，中国房地产业经历了前所未有高速增加。”这句中就要使用现在完成时态而非普通过去时。,11/104,策略一,积累惯用词汇和词组 比如说，年12月翻译内容包括多是相关中国传统文化，像：中国结(The Chinese knot)，中餐(Chinese food)，茶文化(Chinese tea)等。假如大家能够事前准备到一些中国传统文化专有词汇，像：请求好运、瑰宝、福、和、瓷器等，问题就会变得简单很多。,12/104,策略一,遗产heritage;legacy;inheritance，保护protect;safeguard;preserve;shelter，古人the ancients，古老ancient。很多同学吐槽单词不会写，但也不能空着，一定要想到适当表示，能够灵活地变通，比如：“第一流”能够说成first-rate，也能够说成excellent，“尊敬”能够说成respect，也能够说成 think highly of。当然要想灵活自如，备战过程中背诵积累是必不可缺。,13/104,策略二,积累常见表示 翻译文章主题和题材类似情况下就会不可防止出现一些重复表示，比如：Chinese tradition and culture中国传统和文化;the treasure of China 中国瑰宝;an important part of.主要组成部分;all over the country/world遍布全国/全世界;the most popular最流行;Most.,while.很多(人).,而(另一些人).。这些表示在介绍中国各种传统习俗时会频繁用到。所以，我们能够把一些常见表示背诵下来。,14/104,策略三,平时多训练 改革后四六级翻译题材贴近生活，翻译灵活性强，题目会给我们很大发挥空间，普通都不会太难。只要大家平时做好了对应训练，基本都能够做到灵活应对。比如这么句型“烹饪不但被视为一个技能，而且也被视为一个艺术”(cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art);“精心准备中餐既可口又好看”(The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking);“中餐既味美又健康”Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy;这里边就屡次出现了大家熟悉“不但.而且.”“既.又.”句型表示。,15/104,挖掘考点,由样题和年12月真题能够看出，翻译题越来越重视中国历史、文化，也就是越来越接地气。所以，提议考生有意识积累和背诵一些和中国节日、历史事件、经济和社会发展相关词汇。关注以反应中国社会为主一些英文杂志和报纸。比如中国日报及其网站。大家天天看看网站中头条新闻，配合汉字新闻背景，就能够学到很多表示。推荐一个中国日报网站下面一个小栏目：language tips，有大量简单实用双语文章。,16/104,实战演练,【汉译英】波士顿咨询企业最近做一项研究显示，到年中国将会有2.2亿家庭收入在2万到100万美元富裕消费者。这些消费者中75%住在“较小城市”。伴随网络发展，较小城市消费者一个必定趋势是他们愈加依赖社交网络服务上信息。很多网络用户都是经过微信、微博和QQ空间分组。据预计今年中国将会有2.5亿消费者进行网购，位于四线城市消费者平均每人会花费他们50%或者更高工资在网购上，这一数据要比一线城市消费者花费高。,17/104,实战演练,【参考译文】A recent study conducted by the Boston Consulting Group says there will be 220 million affluent consumers,who are from households earning between$20,000 to$1 million,in China by,and 75 percent of them will live in“smaller”cities.With the development of the Internet,an inevitable trend among these consumers is they are much more dependent on information from social networking services.Many of the websites customers are“grouped”by Wechat,Weibo and QQ Zones.It is now estimated that 250 million Chinese consumers will shop online this year and the average shopper in a fourth-tier city in China will spend 50 percent or more of their income on e-commerce than those in top-tier cities。,18/104,实战演练,中国贸易,对于世界上很多国家来说，中国正快速成为他们最主要双边(bilateral)贸易搭档。然而，中国和世界其它国家之间贸易不平衡 问题已经引发了关注。尤其是美国对中国贸易赤字是最大，达 到了 3150亿美元，这个数字是十年前三倍还多。贸易纠纷(trade dispute)也越来越多，主要是关于倾销(dumping)、知识产权和人民 币估价。,19/104,实战演练,【参考译文】,For many countries around the world,China is rapidly becoming their most important bilateral trade partner.However，there have been concerns over large trade imbalances between China and the rest of the world.The US in particular has the largest trade deficit in the world with China at$315 billion,more than three times what it was a decade ago.There have also been a growing number of trade disputes brought against,mainly for dumping,intellectual property and the valuation of the yuan.,20/104,实战演练,蒙古族牧民(herdsmen)生活方式很有特色。牧民们喜欢吃牛羊肉和奶制品(dairyproduct)，喜欢喝红茶和砖茶(bricktea)。他们大多住在圆形蒙古包(ger)里。蒙古包顶上开有天窗，用来通风(ventilation)和采光。蒙古族是一个能骑善射、能歌善舞民族。每年七、八月举行那达慕大会(Nadama Fair)，是蒙古族人民一年一度盛大节日，大会上有赛马、摔跤、射箭(archery)比赛和精彩歌舞演出。,21/104,实战演练,参考答案：,The Mongolian herdsmens life style hasdistinguishing features.The herdsmen like eating redmeat and dairy products，and drinking black tea andbrick tea.Most of them live in circular gers withwindows on the top,used for ventilation andlighting.The Mongolians are a group talented in riding and shooting，and singing and dancing.The Nadama Fair,which is held in July and August every year，is the Mongolian peoples annualgrand festival.There would be horse racing，wrestling，archery race and excellent musical anddance performances on the festival.,22/104,实战演练,景泰蓝(Jingtailan)艺术是雕刻、绘画和塑瓷(porcelainmaking)独特融合。听说景泰蓝于元朝时诞生于北京，现存最古老景泰蓝就造于元朝。不过景泰蓝在明朝时经历了巨大变革。那时，人们认为景泰蓝最为复杂。然而，因为熔铜技术(copper-melting techniques)伟大创造，景泰蓝于清朝时到达顶峰。用景泰蓝能够制成大件物品，如花瓶、其它器皿和装饰品，也能制成小物品，如耳环、手镯或筷子新中国成立以来，涌现出了很多新品种景泰蓝，在国内外享受很高声誉。,23/104,实战演练,参考答案：,The art of Jingtailan is a unique combination of sculpture,painting and porcelain making.It is said to have originated in Beijing during the Yuan Dynasty.The oldest extant piece was made during the Yuan Dynasty,but Jingtailan had a major change during the Ming Dynasty.At that time,Jingtailan was considered to be the most complicated.However,it reachcd its peak during the Qing Dynasty because of great innovations in copper-melting techniques.Jingtailan can be made into large objects such as vases and other large utensils and decorative items,as well as small items like earrings,bracelets or chopsticks.Since new China was founded,quite a number of new varieties have been created.It enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad.,24/104,实战演练,茶文化是中国传统文化主要组成部分，有着悠久历史。一代代种植者和生产者使中国制茶工艺变得日臻完善。茶和中国文化有着极其紧密联络。茶研究包括范围很广，有着丰富内容。中国茶能够分为五类。每一个都有不一样于其它种类味道和外观。绿茶是办公室职员最正确选择，它有利于预防电脑辐射(computer radiation)，补充人体水分(moisture content)。,25/104,实战演练,参考答案：,With a long history,tea culture is an important partof Chinese traditional culture.Generations ofgrowers and producers have perfected the Chineseway of manufacturing tea.Tea has an extremelyclose relationship with Chinese culture.The study oftea covers a wide field and has a very rich content.Chinese tea can be classified into fivecategories.Each kind is different from others in flavor and appearance.Green tea is the bestoption for office workers since it can help prevent computer radiation and supplementmoisture content of the human body.,26/104,实战演练,宴会通常在饭店包间(private rooms)举行，要么是晚宴，要么是午宴。主宾(the guest of honor)通常第一个进入房间。在正式晚宴上，主陪(the main host)和主宾对面坐，主陪背对着门，主宾面对着门。客人应该等着被引导到他们位置上，直到主宾和主陪都坐下之后，客人才能够坐下。宴会主菜通常包含凉菜和热炒，通常还有象征富足蕴意整条鱼，还有汤。上水果则标志着饭局结束。,27/104,实战演练,参考答案：,Banquets are usually held in restaurants in privaterooms，either for dinner or lunch.The guest ofhonor typically enters the room first.At a formaldinner the main host and guest are seated facingeach other，the host with his back to the door andthe guest facing the door.Guests should wait to be guided to their places and should not situntil the main host and guest have done so.Banquets usually have main course which includescold dishes,hot stir fries,often with a whole cooked fish which symbolizes abundance,andsoup.Serving fruit signals the end of the meal.,28/104,实战演练,中国经过了第一部物权法，下令对北京几百座四合院进行保护。然而，批评家们指出，所谓“保留”经常只是拆掉老房子，然后依照传统样式盖一座新来代替。马岩松曾经说过：“现在做法就是在假造古董，这不好。胡同吸引了很多旅游者，但这里贫困老住户要么就像主题公园里演员，要么就被踢出去，方便富人们能够购置这些房子。老北京精神正在消亡。”,29/104,实战演练,重点词汇：,物权法 property law,四合院 courtyard,拆掉 knock down,代替 replace,假古董 fake antique,胡同 hutong,主题公园 theme park,踢出去 kick out,消亡 die away,30/104,实战演练,参考答案：,China has passed the first property law,ordering to protect Beijings hundreds of courtyards.But critics say,so-called“conservation”just means knocking down an old building and replacing it with a structure in a traditional style.For this,Ma Yansongs opinion is“The way is just to build fake antiques,it is not nice.These hutongs attract many tourists.The poor,old residents are either like actors in a theme park or they are kicked out so that the rich can buy these houses.The spirits of oldBeijing are now dying away.”,31/104,实战演练,汉字热词通常反应社会改变和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。比如，土豪和大妈都是老词，但已获取了新意义。,土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富人，也就是说，土豪有钱，不过没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女称呼，不过现在特指很快前金价大跌时大量购置黄金中国妇女。,土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版牛津(OXford)英语词典，至今约有120汉字加进了牛津英语词典，成了英语语言一部分。,32/104,实战演练,重点词汇：,通常usually,反应reflect,媒体media,愈来愈increasingly,获取acquire,指是 refer to,炫耀 show off,没有品位have no taste,收入include into,加进add to,成.一部分becoming a part of.,33/104,实战演练,参考答案：,The Chinese hot words usually reflect the social and cultural change,some of them are increasingly popular with the foreign media.For instance,although the Tuhao and Dama are old words,they have acquired new meaning.,Tuhao(local tyrants)referred to the village landlords who oppressed the peasants and servants in the old days,but now it is used to refer to the rich who spends money like water or likes to show off.That is to say,the local tyrants have wealth but no taste.Dama(aunt)is a calling to middle-aged women,but now it especially refers to the Chinese women who buy large amount of gold when gold tumbled recently.,These two words are likely to be include in the new OXford English Dictionary.Until now,about 120 Chinese word have added in the OXford English Dictionary,becoming a part of the English language.,34/104,实战演练,泼水节(Water-Spri nk|ing Festi va|)是傣族最盛大节日，也能够称之为傣族“新年”。泼水节已经有700多年历史，普通在每年4月13日举行，连续3至7天。大家用纯净清水相互泼洒，请求洗去过去一年不顺，新一年带着美好愿望再次出发。人们把第三天视为最美好最吉祥日子。在这天，人们观看龙舟竞赛，跳孔雀舞。活动内容丰富，场面极为热闹。除了我国傣族，亚洲其它国家，如泰国，也有庆贺泼水节习俗。,35/104,实战演练,Water-Sprinkling Festival(Songkran)is the most important festival of the Dai Ethnic People，which can be also calledNew Year”of Dai People Songkran has over 700 years of historyIts generally held on April 13 each year and lasts about 3-7 daysPeople splash each other with pure water,to wash away the bad luck in the past year,so as to start again with good wishes for the new yearThe third day is taken as the most wonderful and auspicious dayOn this day，people watch dragon boat races，and perform Peacock dances，with abundant activities of festival happinessIn addition to the Dai people in China，Songkran Festival is also observed by other Asian countries including Thailand,36/104,实战演练,伴随人口老龄化增加趋势日益显现，空巢老人中存在问题也逐步突出，关爱空巢老人越来越成为人们关注话题。空巢老人是指那些孩子不在身边、独自居住老年人。他们缺乏家人关爱，生活寂寞。因为孩子们长时间不回家，家庭如同空巢普通。这些老人们很轻易产生不良情绪。作为儿女，即使远在异地，也应经常经过电话与父母进行感情和思想交流。,37/104,实战演练,With the increasingly apparent trend of aging population，empty-nest elderly become increasing concerns for peopleCaring about lonely elders become topics of increasing concernElders of empty nest refer to those lonely elders who live by themselves without their children nearbyThey lack in family love and live in lonelinessSince their children are not with them for long，their homes look like empty nestsThese elders are apt to have negative emotionsFor the children of elders，though living far away,its incumbent for them to keep regular communication with their parents on their feelings and thoughts,38/104,实战演练,谈起我国吉祥艺术。不得不提鼻烟壶(Snuff bottIe)。尽管它历史不长，却浓缩了历史悠久中国传统文化；尽管鼻烟是舶来品，但鼻烟壶经过中国能工巧匠精心打造，很快便成为一个独立、崭新工艺术美术品种；尽管它很袖珍，但集各种工艺之大成，被广大收藏兴趣者视为宝贵文玩。鼻烟壶所蕴含吉祥文化，不但在装饰中表现得淋漓尽致，而且还表现在材质、造型等方面。,39/104,实战演练,Snuff bottle is a must-be-mentioned item in terms of art of mascot in ChinaDespite its short history,it concentrates the features of traditional Chinese culture with long historySnuff bottle originated from abroad，but it quickly became an independent new work of art with meticulous efforts by Chinese craftsmenIt looks small，but integrates the culmination of a variety of techniques，and is deemed by many collectors to be valuable artworkSnuff bottle implies auspicious culture，which is not only vividly displayed in decoration，but also in materials，shapes and so on,40/104,实战演练,故宫是世界上规模最大、保留最完整帝王宫殿建筑群。它位于北京中心，是明清两朝皇宫。明朝十四个皇帝和清朝十个皇帝曾在这里居住，他们统治中国时间长达491年。故宫始建于明朝永乐四年，历经15年方才建成，迄今已经有570多年历史。它占地72万多平方米，四面有各类宫殿房屋9900余间。故宫建筑集中地表达了中国古代建筑艺术精湛水平和民族特色。,41/104,实战演练,Forbidden City is the worldS largest and best preserved imperial palace complexIt is located in the center of Beijing，and served as the Palace for the Ming and Qing dynasties emperors of the Ming dynasty and 10 emperors of the Qing dynasty once lived hereThey ruled China for up to 49 1 years in totalConstruction of the Imperial Palace started in the 4th year of Yongle reign of Ming Dynasty,and it took 15 years to finish the constructionIt has been standing there for more than 570 years by nowThe complex covers more than 720，000 square meters，with more than 9900 rooms in the surroundin9Sophisticated art of ancient Chinese architecture and national wisdom is integrated in the buildings of the Imperial Palace,42/104,实战演练,对联(Chinese couplet)也叫“对子”由两句形式相通、内容相连语句组成。第一部分称作“上联”，贴在右侧，第二部分，即“下联”则贴在左侧。两行字不但字数要一致，而且相同位置上字必须对仗工整(antithetic in form)，平仄协调(harmonious in tone)。按用途不一样，对联能够分为很各种，在新年贴对联也叫“春联”，表示了人们美好祝福与愿望，也为新年增添了节日气氛。,43/104,实战演练,The Chinese Couplet The Chinese couplet is also called Duizi It consists of two sentences which are identical in form and interrelated in meaning The first line is called upper couplet,which is put up or hung on the right side,and the other is called lower couplet,which is placed on the left side Not only are the two lines required to have an equal number of characters,the words stand in the same position in each of the two sentences must be antithetic in form and harmonious in tone For different purposes,there are different couplets The couplet for the Spring Festival is called Chunlian,which conveys the blessing and good wishes of the people and enhances the festive atmosphere of the New Year,too,44/104,实战演练,每年农历七月初七是中国情人节(ValentineSDay)。关于这个节日有一个漂亮传说：王母娘娘(the Queen ofHeaven)最年幼女儿“织女”爱上了人间男子“牛郎”，王母反对仙女与凡人相爱，就用银河(Milky Way)将他们隔开。但牛郎和织女爱情感动了人间喜鹊(magpie)，每年七月初七这一天，喜鹊会搭起一座鹊桥让这对情侣相见。而如今在这一天，年轻女子常在月下向织女祈祷，期望得到美满姻缘。,45/104,实战演练,Chinese Valentines Day The seventh day of the seventh month in the lunar c