如何做翻译.ppt

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,LOGO,LOGO,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,如何做翻译,考研翻译的方法,方法：直译为主，适当意译,直译：直接翻译,social science,；,honeymoon,考研翻译的方法,方法：直译为主，适当意译,直译：直接翻译,social science,；,honeymoon,考研翻译的方法,方法：直译为主，适当意译,直译：直接翻译,social science,；,honeymoon;hot pot,考研翻译的方法,方法：直译为主，适当意译直译：直接翻译,social science,；,honeymoon;hot pot,意译,:,把意思说出来,It rains cats and drops.,Day student,Cash crop,Two birds with one stone,直译不等于死译，字字对译,Color see see,People mountain people see,You have seed,How old are you,考研翻译解题步骤：,1.,通读全句，查找,连接,2.,分析成分，,划分,意群,3.,选择词义，适当,草稿,读：多读汉语,4.,调整,顺序，书写译文,遇到生词：造句，填空,遇到多义词：同义替换,One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind,feelings,traits of character,human nature,and so on.,译文：一个困难在于所谓的行为科学几乎全部都继续根据心理状态、感情、性格特征、人类本性等来跟踪行为。,多改汉语病句,1.,通读全句，查找,连接,2.,分析成分，,划分,意群,3.,选择词义，适当,草稿 读：多读汉语,4.,调整,顺序，书写译文,如何做翻译,翻译的最佳的方法,做,翻译，而非,看,翻译,需要动手写，不看答案，,动手写汉字,1.,对着英语写汉字，把认识的单词尽可能写下来,2.,当有三个左右的汉语词，尽量做成一个小句子（可以适当查阅词典）,3.,把每两个小句连贯成通顺的大句子,I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(,苏格拉底,)way about moral problems.,我将要定义他作为一个个人,我将要把他定义为一个个人,我将要把他定义为一个人,我将要把他定义为这样一个人,I shall define him as an individual/who has elected/as/his primary duty and pleasure/in life/the activity of thinking/in Socratic(,苏格拉底,)way about moral problems.,我将要定义他作为一个个人,/,我将要把他定义为一个个人,/,我将要把他定义为一个人,我将要把他定义为这样一个人,他选择,作为他的首要的责任和乐趣,/,他选择作为,在生活中,/,思考的活动,/,在生活中/,他选择,作为他在生活中的首要的责任和乐趣,/,他选择了一种思考的活动,作为他在生活中的首要的责任和乐趣,我将要把他定义为一个人,/,他已经选择了一种以苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题的活动,作为他在生活中的首要的责任和乐趣,The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago,and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.,译文：自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为的选择作用刚刚加以认识和研究。,被动结构翻译,Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed,and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in recent events in Europe.,电视是一种方式，通过这种方式，这些感情被创造和传递？,电视是一种方式，通过这种方式，创造和传递这些感情？,电视是创造和传递这些感情的一种方式,被动结构翻译,Traditionally,legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers,rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.,In Europe,where forestry is ecologically more advanced,the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community,to be preserved as such,within reason.,被动结构翻译,定语从句的翻译,一、前置把定语从句翻译到它所修饰的先行词前，并常用“的”来连接。,Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the environment,in which they live,thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.,而且，人类有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而让所有其他形态的生命服从于人类自己的独特的想法和想象。,定语从句,But even more important,it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the,past,for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures,that existed 15 billion years ago,.,前置法：信息量小，结构简单,强调句型的翻译常常还原强调部分后，直接翻译，并习惯用“就是”、“正是”、“的确”等加强语气。,但更重要的是，这正是科学家所能够观察到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是,150,亿年前就存在的形状和结构。,定语从句：前置法,We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished,as the peoples,who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.,我们之所以感谢他们是因为其中一些语言从此以后已经消失，由于说这些语言的民族已经灭亡或者被同化进而失去了的他们的母语。,后置法：如果定语从句结构复杂，信息量大,翻译成汉语不容易说清楚,Actually,it isnt,because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights,which is something the world does not have.,It,代词所指,在考研翻译中，碰到代词，,（,1,）可以直接对应为汉语代词，前提是译文要通顺。,（,2,）如果不通顺，则需要指代明确，尽可能用指代到的名词进行翻译，这是可以往前看，根据就近、一致原则来确定。,（,3,）万不得已可以用“这”、“这种情况”、“这种观点”等来翻译,Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the environment in which,they,live,thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.,We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanishedas the peoples who spoke,them,died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.,后置法：如果定语从句结构复杂，信息量大,翻译成汉语不容易说清楚,Actually,it isnt,because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights,which is something the world does not have.,Do animals have rights?This is how the question is usually put.It sounds like a useful,ground-clearing way to start.,It,代词所指,需要读上下文的,2,种情况：,（,1,）有代词出现，尤其代词做主语,（,2,）句子中有多义词或生词时,When,that,happens,it,is not a mistake:it is mankinds instinct or moral reasoning in action,an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.,后置法：如果定语从句结构复杂，信息量大,翻译成汉语不容易说清楚,第一人称和第三人称对应（,1,）,第三人称要小心（,1,）（,2,）,It,，,this,，,that,尤其做主语，对应（,3,）,后置法：如果定语从句结构复杂，信息量大翻译成汉语不容易说清楚,Actually,it isnt,because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights,which is something the world does not have.,事实并非如此。,考研翻译常考动词：,believe,assert,claim,maintain,accept,contend,argue,validate,demonstrate,point out,be convinced that,因为这种说法认为人们对人权有一致的认识和看法,这种一致认识是世界上并没有的,73)Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.,专有名词翻译的额三中处理方式（,1,）遵照习惯（,2,）按照音译（,3,）万不得已抄英语,皮尔逊汇集了世界各地数百位研究者的研究成果，编制了一个独特的技术千年历，这一个千年历给出了我们期望看到的数百项关键突破和发现发生的最晚的日期。,There will be television chat show hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.,There be,句型翻译：,（,1,）首先翻译英语中的状语，再加“有”,（,2,）增加“人们”，“大家”，“我们”等汉语的泛指主语,（,3,）无主句，“出现”，“存在”。,将会出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目和带有污染监控的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标，监控器会使其停止发动。,This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in,a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50%took a loss in 1989.,计数词：,ten,a hundred,hundreds of,thousand,thousands of,million,billion,trillion,年数词：,decade,decades of,small hours,century,millennium,仅仅这一点就证明要在电视行业生存并不容易，统计数据也强调了这一事实，因为数据表明在,80,家欧洲电视网络中，,1989,年出现亏损的不少于百分之五十。,Thank You!,