研究生英语第七课课件.ppt

Introduction to the Author,Discourse Analysis,Vocabulary,Language Points,Introduction to the Author,Martin Luther King,Jr.,was an American,clergyman,activist,and prominent leader,in theAfrican-American Civil Rights Movement.He is best known for being an iconic figure in the advancement ofcivil rights in the United States and around the world,using,nonviolentmethods,following the teachings ofMahatma Gandhi.King has become,a national icon,in the history ofmodern American liberalism.,(January 15,1929 April 4,1968),Martin Luther King,Jr.,ABaptistminister,King became acivil rights activistearly in his career.He led the 1955Montgomery Bus Boycottand helped found theSouthern Christian Leadership Conferencein 1957,serving as its first president.Kings efforts led to the 1963March on Washington,where King delivered his,I Have a Dream,speech.There,he expanded American values to include the vision of a color blind society,and established his reputation as one of the greatest orators in American history.,(January 15,1929 April 4,1968),Introduction to the Author,Introduction to the Author,Discourse Analysis,Vocabulary,Language Points,Part 1:,The time has come for peace now the time has,come for man to experiment with nonviolence in,all areas of human conflict,and that means,nonviolence on an international scale.,Para.1-2,Discourse Analysis,Part 2:,Para.3-9,The conditions for achieving peace.,Discourse Analysis,A.Para.3-5 B.Para.6-7 C.Para.8-9,A.Para.3-5,If we are to have peace on earthour loyalties must become ecumenical rather than sectional.Our loyalties must transcend our race,our tribe,our class,and our nation;and this means we must develop a world perspective.,Discourse Analysis,B.Para.6-7,If we are to have peace in the world,men and nations must embrace the nonviolent affirmation that ends and means must cohere.,Discourse Analysis,C.Para.8-9,If we are to have peace on earth and goodwill towards men,all must also be concerned about the nonviolent affirmation of the sacredness of all human life.,Discourse Analysis,Introduction to the Author,Discourse Analysis,Vocabulary,Language Points,1.,transcend:,to go beyond the range of,超出，超越,Eg:,These issues,transcend,borders.,这些问题跨越国界。,It can implement bonds of friendship and respect by ties that,transcend,language and semantics.,通过超越语言和语义的纽带，它能落实友情和尊重。,Vocabulary,2.,behold:,to see,看,Eg:,Behold,he was standing by the camels at the spring.,见他仍站在靠近水泉的骆驼旁。,Adam had awakened from his deep sleep,behold,!There was Eve.,亚当已经从酣睡中苏醒了，看吧！夏娃就在那里。,Vocabulary,3.,wrinkled:,having or showing wrinkles,有皱褶的,Eg:,Some people like the,wrinkled,look.,有些人喜欢皱皱的样子。,I turned around to find a,wrinkled,little old lady smiling at me.,我转过身一看，一位满脸皱纹个子矮小的老太太正冲着我微笑。,Vocabulary,4.,inescapable:,that cannot be avoided;,不可逃避的，不可避免的,Eg:,It is,inescapable,part of any state apparatus.,它是任何国家机器的不可分割的一部分。,Vocabulary,5.,Mutuality,：,condition of being common,共性，相关性，相互关联,Eg:,The word,mutuality,though often used in connection with the law of Contracts,has no definite meaning.,“,相互性”一词虽然经常在与契约法的联系中使用，却没有确定的含义。,Vocabulary,6.,Desirous:,having a wish of for,希望，渴望,Eg:,There will be more and more,desirous,of learning and studying Chinese characters.,未来将会有越来越多的人学习和研究汉字。,The woman seemed,desirous,Yet reluctant,to speak,and answered in low,mysterious tone.,那妇人好象想说，但又有点踌躇，她放低了嗓门神秘地说。,Vocabulary,7.,philosophical,：,concerning or related to hilosophy,哲学的,eg,：,The,philosophical,rationale is that learning to read,like learning to speak,is a natural act that children can essentially teach themselves how to do.,这个主张的哲学根据是，学习阅读就像学习说话一样，是自然行为，孩子本来就有能力自行学习及修正。,Vocabulary,8.,Vagary:,strange,unusual or capricious change,怪异多变的，突发奇想,Eg,：,The building of this house in the shape of the temple was a rich mans,vagary.,这个建筑物的格局以有钱人的奇想为形式。,Vocabulary,9.,Wisp,：,small separate bunch,bundle or twist,小束，小缕,Eg,：,Any,wisp,of cloud could cover a crescent moon.My future was dark.,一点云便能把月牙遮住，我的将来是黑暗。,Vocabulary,10.,Smoldering:,burning slowly without flame,缓慢燃烧,Eg,：,The wood was,smoldering,in the fireplace.,木柴在壁炉中闷烧。,Vocabulary,11.,Ideological:,concerning or related to a set of ideas,especially typical of a social or political group,思想的，意识形态的,Eg,：,They must do well both in political and,ideological,work and in economic construction.,一方面要搞好政治思想工作，一方面要搞好经济建设。,Vocabulary,12.,ominous:,suggesting that sth.bad is about to happen;threatening,不祥的，不吉的，险恶的,Eg,：,Those black clouds look,ominous,for our picnic.,那些乌云对我们的野餐来说是个不祥之兆。,Sheoftenhasan,ominous,presentiment.,她时时有一种不祥的预感Vocabulary,13.,utopian:,impossible to achieve;idealistic,空想的，理想主义的，不切实际的,Eg,：,His ideas on equality are viewed as,utopian,in the current political climate.,在当前的政治气候下，他关于平等的观点被认为是乌托邦。,This may sound impossible,utopian,.,也许听起来这是十足的空想。,Vocabulary,14.,obsolete:,no longer used;out of date,不再使用的，过时的,Eg,Allthe timeImthinking,weare all,obsolete,.,我无时无刻不在想，我们都跟不上时代。,Yetsystemscanquickly,obsolete,.,但新的系统可能很快就会过时。,Vocabulary,15.,anew:,in a new or different way;again,重新，再,Eg,：,Asourcaseisnew,sowemustthink,anew,andact,anew,.,由于我们遇到的是前所未有的新问题，我们必须有新的思想，并采取新的行动。,Youhave nlytodaytobegin,anew,andfollowyourdreams.,只有今天，你才能重新开始并追随你的梦想。,Vocabulary,Introduction to the Author,Discourse Analysis,Vocabulary,Language Points,1.This Christmas season finds us a rather bewildered human race.(line 1;par.1):,We find ourselves rather bewildered(confused and not certain what to do)in this Christmas season.,这个圣诞节让我们发现人们是如此的困惑与不解。,Language Points,bewilder:,confused and not certain what to do,vt.,使迷惑，使难住,She was totally bewildered by his sudden change of mood.,Language Points,2.Everywhere paralyzing fear harrow people by day and haunt by night.(line2,par1),Everywhere people are distressed and disturbed by,stunning fear day and night.,令人麻痹的恐慌在白天困扰着人们的心灵，在夜晚也让人萦绕于心。,Language Points,paralyze:,to make someone unable to think or behave normally,especially by frightening them;stun(,尤指通过恐吓,),使丧失正常思考或行为能力，使吓呆；吓瘫；呆若木鸡,Language Points,Language Points,他被自己看到的景象吓呆了。,What he saw left him,paralyzed,with fright.,恐惧使我头脑发呆。Fear,paralyzed,my mind.,她被恐怖事件吓得目瞪口呆。,She was,paralyzed,with terror.,harrow:,torment,vex,折磨；使苦恼；痛苦,Language Points,Language Points,他讲鬼故事使我们不安。,He,harrowed,us with a tale of ghosts.,那次船难是一个惨痛的经历。,The shipwreck was a,harrowing,experience.,那是一次折磨人的面试。,It was a,harrowing,interview.,难听的话伤了她的感情。,Harsh words,harrowed,her feelings.,haunt:,disturb,plague;make someone feel worried and upset for a long time,萦绕在,心头,;,缠绕，使担忧，苦恼,Language Points,卡罗琳因担心患癌而老是提心吊胆。,Caroline was,haunted,by a fear of cancer.,Language Points,战争的影像仍萦绕在他的脑海。,Images from the war still,haunt,him.,这是一个使我们大家都担忧不止的问题。,This is a problem that,haunts,all of us.,那个迷困扰了我大半辈子。,The mystery had,haunted,me for most of my life,作恶者经常心中害怕被发觉,A wrongdoer is constantly,haunted,by the fear of discovery.,3.And yet,my friends the Christmas hope for peace and goodwill toward all men can no longer be dismissed as a kind of pious dream of some utopian.(line 4-5,para.1):,And yet,my friends,the Christmas hope for peace and goodwill toward all men can no longer be rejected as a kind of impractical(unrealistic)religious dream.,而现在，我的朋友们，全人类在圣诞对和平友好的期望将不会像乌托邦式的那样虔诚。,Language Points,dismiss:,reject serious consideration of,不再考虑，拒绝考虑；摒弃；不理会,Language Points,Language Points,这些问题不能再置之不理了。,The problems can no longer be,dismissed,.,我们不应该仅仅因为它们是老式的而不予考虑。,We shouldnt,dismiss,them just because they are old-fashioned.,这部长矢口否认收受了贿赂。,The minister,dismissed,claims that he had accepted bribes.,dismiss sth.as sth.,Language Points,Their evidence was,dismissed as completely worthless,.,我并没有把这件事情看作是不值得做的事情而不加理会。,I am not,dismissing this as a thing,that wasnt worth doing.,他们的证据被认定毫无价值而不予采用。,4,.Wisdom born of experience should tell us that war is obsolete.(line 7,para.1):,天生的智慧，经验告诉我们，战争是过时的。,Language Points,born of:,deriving or resulting from 来源于，来自；由产生长难句中born of experience,是过去分词作定语的用法,Language Points,绝望带来的力量使他强行打开了门。,With a strength,born of,desperation,he forced open the door.,布罗迪动怒了,那是因挫折和羞辱而产生的一种恨怒。,Brody was growing angry an anger,born of,frustration and humiliation.,Language Points,5,.modern man really go all out to study the,meaning of nonviolence,its philosophy and its,strategy.(line 15-16,para.1),Language Points,go all out to do sth./for sth.:,to put all your energy and determination to get or win something,尽最大的努力奋斗；全力以赴；竭尽全力地去奋斗,Language Points,我们会竭尽全力在星期六的比赛中大获全胜。,We are,going all out for,a big win in Saturdays game.,他决心全力以赴地去完成任务。,He decided to,go all out to,fulfill the task.,别相信那人，他只不过是想尽法子去保证他所需要的一切而已。,Dont trust that man.He just,goes all out for,anything he can get.,Language Points,6,.It really boils down to this.(line 1,para.5):,Language Points,boil down to:,be summarized as 归结为,这一切归结起来似乎就是一个“钱”字,.,What it all seemed to,boil down to,was money.,Language Points,归根结底，这个问题是社会应优先考虑的问题之一。,The question,boils down to,one of social problems.,这场争论归根到底是所有权问题。,The debate,boils down to,the question of ownership.,他们给他的劝告可归结为一句话：他应该注意自己的,身体。,The advice they gave him,boiled down to,this:He should take care of his own health.,Language Points,我们都陷入了一个无法逃脱的相互关联的网络，被捆绑在同一命运上。,7,.We are all caught in an inescapable network of,mutuality,tied into a single garment of destiny.,(line 1-2,para.5),Language Points,be caught in sth.:,be trapped in sth.and cannot escape from it,陷于，陷于而无法解脱,Language Points,玛丽好像陷身于英国中产阶级的那种可恶的势利心态而不能自拔。,Mary,was caught in,that dreadful English middle-class,trap of snobbishness.,Language Points,那是一个陷于革命性变迁的痛苦之中的社会。,It is a society,caught in,the agony of revolutionary,change.,也许你渴望有可可吃早餐,8,.Or maybe youre desirous of having cocoa for breakfast(line 10,para.5):,Language Points,be desirous of sth.:,want to have or do it 渴望;意欲,佩吉特小姐很想去伦敦旅行吗？,Is Miss Paget,desirous of,traveling to London?,Language Points,他意欲在政府市政机构找到一个职位。,He,is desirous of,obtaining a position in the Civil Service.,他渴望成名。,He,is keenly desirous of,fame.,他们都渴望去国外。,They,are all desirous of,going abroad.,我们都渴望成功。,We,are all desirous of,success.,Language Points,9.men and nations must embrace the nonviolent,affirmation that ends and means must cohere.,(line 2,para.6),Language Points,embrace:,1,）,hug,拥抱,Language Points,他们笑着，相互拥抱。,They laughed and,embraced,each other.,embrace:,2,）,include,包含，包括；涵盖,Language Points,他的学习课程包括历史、地理和经济学。,His course of study,embraces,History,Geography and Economics.,它包含了化学、物理学和工程学的一些主要内容。,It,embraces,elements of chemistry,physics and engineering.,embrace:,2,）,adopt;completely accept something such as a new belief,idea or way of life,接受；信奉,Language Points,Language Points,他热切地接受去欧洲旅行的邀请。,He eagerly,embraced,the offer of a trip to Europe.,她信奉了天主教。,She,embraced,the Catholic faith.,大部分的国家都已经欣然接受了高速铁路的概念。,Most countries have enthusiastically,embraced,the,concept of high-speed railways.,cohere:,be logically consistent;hang together,(,论证、思想、话语等）有条理，连贯；前后一致,Language Points,没有正确的论证，任何论点都会前后矛盾。,Without sound reasoning no argument will,cohere,.,10.The conquerors of old,were akin in seeking a,peaceful world order.(line 3,para.8),Language Points,akin to sth.:,similar to something,与某物相似的,Language Points,这里的政治情形更像是专制而非民主。,The political situation here is more,akin to,dictatorship than democracy.,这些词形同义异。,These words are,akin,in form but different in meaning.,11.you will discover that Hitler contended that,everything he did (line 5,para.8),Language Points,contend:,to argue or state that something is true;to,compete against someone in order to gain something,Language Points,很长一段时间以来，各报纸一直在说，如果冬季严寒，,物资匮乏将达到危险点。,The newspaper have long,contended,that a severe,winter could create perilous shortage.,我认为失业是我们社会最严重的弊端。,I would,contend,that unemployment is our most serious social evil.,经济学家们认为中国和印度正在崛起，可能在国际舞,台上扮演角色。,Economists,contend,that China and India are emerging as potential global players.,这个小国为了捕鱼权不得不跟一个强大的对手竞争。,The small country has to,contend,with a powerful adversary about fishing rights.,Language Points,12.Man is a child of God,made in His image,and,therefore must be respected as such.(line 7,para.9),Language Points,as such:,1)in that capacity,manner,form,or function,就以这种身份（或资格）；如所指的人（或事物）那样,Language Points,他是文章的作者，但他不想让人知道他是作者。,He is the author of the article,but he does not desire to,be known,as such,.,有些珍宝不是一下子就可以辨认出来的。,Some treasures are not immediately recognizable,as,such.,as such:,2)considered alone;not including anything that is,or may be,associated with sb/sth,就其本身而论,Language Points,姓名本身并无意义。,A name,as such,means nothing.,单凭长得漂亮未必就有前途。,Mere good looks,as such,will not take you far.,