第三章英汉语言现象对比.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,*,第三章 英汉语言的对比,2,第三章 英汉语言的对比,1,词语层,2,选词用字,二,英汉句法现象的对比,英汉词汇现象的对比,一,5,英汉句子对比,6,英语句子翻译,3,第一节,1,英汉词汇现象的对比,4,一、词语层,（一）从语法角度来看,（二）从词义角度来看,词(word),词组(phrase),5,（一）从语法角度来看,1,He is,a teacher,of English.,他教英语。（名词转成动词）,2,(2)He is,physically,weak.他身体很弱。（副词转成名词）,3,(3)She was gazing across the sea,apparently,ignorant,of him.,她正在眺望大海显然没有看见他。（形容词转成动词）,4,(4)The road to development is long but we are firmly,on,it.,发展的道路是漫长的，但是我们已经坚定地走上这条道路。（介词转成动词）。,6,语言层次转换,1,They have not done so well ideologically,however,as organizationally.,但是，他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。,2,副词转成名词词组,3,Angola was the most identifiable trouble spot in South West Africa.,安哥拉是西南非洲的麻烦之地，这是大家最容易看得出来的。,4,形容词转成分句,A.,完全对应。,CIA,（,美国）中央情报局,smog,烟雾,carob,角豆树,cardia,贲门,carbinol,甲醇,zoology,动物学,holoscope,全息照相机,9,B.,部分对应,uncle,（广义）,-,叔父，伯父，姑父，姨父，舅父（狭义）,milk,奶（抽象）；,人奶，牛奶，羊奶（具体）；,film,胶卷（一般），影片（个别）,10,C.,不对应。,hippie,嬉皮士,breaker,跳布瑞克舞者，跳霹雳舞者,rigjacker,劫持近海油井设备的人；,eggathon,吃煮硬了的鸡蛋的竞赛,congressperson,美国国会（尤其是众议员院）议员（男议员或女议员）,11,D.,交叉对应。,light music,轻音乐（,light=intended chiefly to entertain,light loss,轻微的损失（,light=not heavy,）；,light heart,轻松的心情（,light=relaxed,）,light car,轻便汽车（,light=having little weight,）；,light step,轻快的步伐（,light=gentle,）,light manners,轻浮的举止（,light=frivolous,）；,light outfit,轻巧的设备（,light=handy,）,light work,轻松的工作（,light=requiring little effort,）,light voice,轻柔的声音（,light=soft,）,12,二、选词用字,air,(1)The rain had cleaned the air.,雨后空气新鲜。（名词）,(2)Dont air your troubles too often.,别老是诉苦。（动词）,13,(1)He preferred the products of old brand to,the new flashy.,他宁可要老牌产品，而不要质量差的,新产品,。,(,抽象,-,具体,),(2)There is a mixture of,the tiger and ape,in the character of the imperialists.,帝国主义者的性格有,残暴的一面,，也有,狡猾的一面,。（具体,-,抽象）,14,(3)She said,He is,a lightly discriminating man.“,她说，,他是个很,爱挑剔的买主,。,“,（一般,-,个别）,15,(4)I used to be,a politician,.But since I came back from Peking,I have been,statesman.,我过去一直是,吃政治饭的,，但是，自从我从北京回来以后，我已成了一名,政治家。,（贬义；褒义）,16,winds,风（普通文体）；,风云（文学文体）,red flower,红花（普通文体）；,红艳艳的花儿（文学文体）,green willow,绿柳（普通文体）；,柳色青青（文学文体）,17,词语搭配注意三种情形：,翻译时须根据译入语的表达习惯重新组合。,译入语不宜采用与译出语一样的搭配。,是有些词语组合顺序在英语里是正常语序，译成汉语时却不符合汉语习惯，须作颠倒处理,rural America,美国农村；,a new international economic order,国际经济新秩序,18,19,第二节,2,英汉句法现象的对比,一、英汉句子对比,例如,：,His idea is,that,we clean the floor first.,他的意见是我们先清扫地板。,20,例如：,I woke up in the middle of night.,我在半夜里醒了。,21,(1)They played chess,in high spirits at the club,yesterday.,他们昨天,在俱乐部高兴地,下棋。,(2)She livesat 34 Rue Temple,Geneva,Switzerland.,她住在,瑞士日内瓦唐普尔大街,34,号。,22,useful books,有用的书,a man of fifty years old,五十岁的人,23,Because he was ill,he had to stay at home.,因为他病了，所以不得不呆在家里。,Feeling tired,John went to bed early.(formal),John went to bed early because he felt tired.(common core),John felt tired,so he went to bed early.(informal),24,二、英语句子翻译,一、亦步亦趋,二、化整为零（分译）,三、调整句序、词序,25,1.,简单句的翻译,(1)I bought the car.,我买了这部车。（转换成汉语简单句）,(2)But this naval competition strained the Liberal Governments principles as well as their budgets.,但是这种海军竞赛使自由党政府的原则无法自圆其说，也使其预算捉襟见肘。（转换成汉语联合复句的并列句）,26,(3)This was an intelligently organized and fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall,with Mr.Strong in the chair.,这是一次精心组织起来的会议。市政厅里济济一堂，热情洋溢，主持会议的是斯特朗先生。,（转换成两个汉语句子）,27,2.,复合句的翻译,(1)Whether an object will sink or float depends on its density.,物体在水中的沉浮取决于物体的比重。（名词分句,-,转换为汉语单句,名词分句成主语）,(2)I owe it to you that I didnt die.,我没死，全靠你。（名词分句,-,宾语从句转换为汉语并列句）,28,(3)It worried her much that her daughter should stay up so late.,她很着急，因为她女儿很晚都不睡觉。,（名词分句,-,主语从句转换为状语从句）,29,(1)John liked my sister,who was warm and pleasant,.,他喜欢我那热情欢快的妹妹。,（定语分句,-,前置定语）,(2)It seems to me that there are two causes,of which one goes much deeper than the other.,我认为原因有二，而两者之间又有明显的深浅之分。（定语分句,-,并列分句）,30,3.,长句翻译,31,32,谢谢！,