2022高考英语大一轮复习语法专题8定语从句课件新人教版.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/5/30,#,语法专题八定语从句,第一页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,2,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,1,.(2019,全国,语篇填空,)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,she opened with her late husband Les.,which,先行词是,the,pet,shop,关系词在非限制性定语从句中做动词,opened,的宾语,所以填,which,。,2,.(2019,全国,语篇填空,)They were well trained by their masters,had great experience with caring for these animals.,who,先行词是指人的名词,masters,关系词在限制性定语从句中做主语,所以填,who,。,第二页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,3,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,3,.(2018,全国,语篇填空,)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014,showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.,that/which,先行词是,a,study,关系词在限制性定语从句中做主语,故填,that/which,。,4,.(2017,全国,语篇填空,)Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both,is not good for the health.,which,题空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中做主语,故填,which,。,第三页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,4,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,5,.(2016,全国,语篇填空,)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,lived from roughly 551 B.C.to 479 B.C.,influenced the development of chopsticks.,who,根据对逗号前后内容的分析可以看出空格处所在句子为非限制性定语从句,其先行词,Confucius,指人,故用,who,引导该定语从句并做从句的主语。,第四页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,5,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,关系代词有,who,whom,which,that,和,whose,另外,as,也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有,when,where,和,why,在定语从句中充当状语。,1,.who,指人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。,Happiness and success often come to those,who,are good at recognizing their own strengths.,幸福和成功经常属于那些善于认识自己长处的人。,2,.whom,指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。,Do you know the boy(,whom,)we met at the gate?,你认识我们在门口碰到的那个男孩吗,?,第五页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,6,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,3,.which,指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。,The exact year(,which/that,)Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.,安杰拉和她的家人在中国共同度过的确切年份是,2008,年。,4,.that,指人时,相当于,who,或,whom;,指物时,相当于,which,。在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。,She is the writer(,that,)I want to see very much.,她就是那位我非常想见的作家。,Among the many dangers(,which/that,)sailors have to face,probably the greatest of all is fog.,在海员们必须要面对的许多危险中,最严重的可能就是雾。,第六页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,7,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,5,.whose,可指人或物,修饰名词或代词,在定语从句中充当定语。,“whose+,名词,”,可改为,“the+,名词,+of which/whom”,或,“of which/whom the+,名词,”,。,The books on the desk,whose,covers are shiny,are prizes for us.,桌子上的这些书是给我们的奖品,它们的封面很亮。,The house,whose,windows are very large is my uncle,s.=The house,of,which,the windows are very large is my uncle,s.,那些窗子非常大的房子是我叔叔的。,第七页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,8,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,6,.as,既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语。,(1),引导限制性定语从句,先行词前常有,as,the same,so,such,修饰,且在从句中做主语、宾语或表语时,关系代词要用,as,。,It was,so,difficult a problem,as,nobody in my class could work out.(as,做,work out,的宾语,),这个问题很难以至于我们班里没有人能解出来。,注意,so/such.that,结构中,that,引导结果状语从句,只起连接作用,不充当从句的任何成分。,It was,so,difficult a problem,that,nobody in my class could work it out.(work out,已经有宾语,that,只起连接作用,),第八页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,9,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,(2)as,可以引导非限制性定语从句,代指整个主句的内容,从句中常用的谓语动词为,see,say,hear,expect,know,report,等,常译为,“,正如,正像,”,其引导的从句可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。,The number of smokers,as,is,reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.,正如所报道的,吸烟者的数量在仅仅一年中下降了百分之十七。,第九页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,10,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,7,.when,指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语。其先行词是表示时间的名词,time,day,week,year,month,等,常用,on which,in which,at which,during which,等代替。,As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time,when,he should be able to be independent.,作为家中最小的孩子,亚历克斯总是渴望自己能够独立的日子。,I am looking forward to the day,when/on,which,my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.,我一直期盼那一天,我的女儿能够读懂这本书并且知道我对她的情感。,第十页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,11,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,8,.where,指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词,可以用,“,介词,+,关系代词,”,代替。,The house,where/in,which,he lives is near the river.,他住的房子在河边。,注意,高考对,where,的考查趋于复杂,先行词由,“,明显的地点,”,转为,“,模糊的地点,”,或者说,“,抽象的地点,”,。这些名词有,:stage,case,position,situation,point,occasion,activity,等。,Students should involve themselves in community activities,where/in,which,they can gain experience for growth.,学生应该参与社区活动,在这些活动中他们能获取成长的经验。,第十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,12,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,9,.why,指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语,可用,for which,来替代。,why,不可引导非限制性定语从句。,Tell me the reason,why/for,which,you came late.,告诉我你来晚了的原因。,注意,用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要用关系代词,;,而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。,第十二页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,13,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,1,.,当先行词是,everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some,等不定代词时,或当先行词被,every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much,等不定代词修饰时。,We should do all,that,is useful to the people.,我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。,2,.,先行词被,the only,the very,the same,the last,等修饰时This is the last place,that,I want to visit.,这是我最不想参观的地方。,第十三页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,14,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,3,.,先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。,This is the best novel,that,I have ever read.,这是我读过的最好的一部小说。,4,.,先行词是数词或被序数词修饰时。,This is the third dictionary,that,I have used.,这是我用过的第三本字典。,5,.,当先行词同时含有表示人和物的名词时。,We talked about the things and persons,that,we were interested in.,我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。,6,.,以,who,或,which,开头的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句,为避免重复时。,Who is the man,that,is standing under the tree?,站在树下的那个人是谁,?,第十四页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,15,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,注意,在例句,“Qingdao,is,the,most,beautiful,city,where,I,have,ever,worked.”,中,即使有最高级修饰先行词,city,但从句中的,work,为不及物动词,先行词只做其地点状语,故要用关系副词。,前面所述几种情况已有前提,:,需要用关系代词时,遇到这几种情况才选用,that,。,第十五页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,16,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,1,.,在,“,介词,+,关系代词,”,的结构中,关系代词只能用指物的,which,和指人的,whom,。,This is the train,by,which,we went to Beijing.,这就是我们去北京乘的那列火车。,2,.,在非限制性定语从句,(,即通常用逗号与主句隔开若去掉整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句,),中。,I borrowed the book,Sherlock,Holmes,from the library last week,which,my classmates recommended to me.,上周我,从,图书馆里借了夏洛克,福尔摩斯这本书,书是我的同学向我推荐的。,第十六页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,17,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,3,.,指人时,当先行词为,everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone,等时,关系代词要用,who,不用,that,。,Is there anyone,who,can answer this question?,有谁能回答这个问题,?,4,.,先行词本身是指示代词,that,或,those,时,关系代词应用,which,。,What,s that,which,she is looking at?,她正在看什么,?,第十七页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,18,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,1,.,位置不同。,which,引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后,;as,引导的定语从句位置较灵活,也就是说,as,从句可置于所限制的句子前、插在句子中或放在句子后。,It is a truly delightful place,which,looks the same as it must have been 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.,它确实是一个宜人的地方。与一百年前的样子一样,有着弯弯曲曲的小径和漂亮的村舍。,Mike,as,you,know,is an honest man./Mike is an honest man,as,you,know./As,you,know,Mike is an honest man.,如你所知,迈克是个诚实的人。,第十八页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,19,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,2,.,先行词不同。,as,引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词多为一个句子,;which,引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词可以是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。,As,we all know,he is very proud.(,先行词为一个句子,),众所周知,他很骄傲。,He was proud,which,his brother never was.(,先行词是一个词,),他是自大的,而他弟弟从不自大。,第十九页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,20,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,3,.,意义不同。,as,一般译为,“,正如,就像,”;which,一般译为,“,这一点,这件事,”,。,John,as,you,know,is my best friend.,正如你所知,约翰是我最好的朋友。,He has been to Paris more than ten times,which,I,dont,believe,.,他已去过巴黎十多次了,这一点我不相信。,4,.,关系不同。当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用,which,。,Tom was late for school,which made his teacher very angry.,汤姆上学迟到了,这使他老师很生气。,第二十页，编辑于星期六五点 三十七分。,-,21,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,注意,as,多用于下列习惯用语中,:,as,anybody,can,see,正如大家,所,看到的那样,as,we,had,expected,正如我们所预料的那样,as,often,happens,正如经常发生的那样,as,has,been,said,before,如之前所述,as,is,mentioned,above,正如上面所提到的,第二十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,22,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,1,.,在,“,介词,+,关系代词,”,结构中,关系代词指人时用,whom不可用,who,或者,that;,指物时用,which,不能用,that;,关系代词是所有格时用,whose,。,The person to,whom,you,ll write is Mr.Ball.,你将给他写信的那个人是鲍尔先生。,I wish to thank Professor Smith,without,whose,help I would never have got this far.,我想要感谢史密斯教授,没有他的帮助我不会取得今天的成就。,第二十二页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,23,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,2,.“,介词,+,关系代词,前可有,some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few,等代词及名词、数词。,Her sons,both of,whom,work abroad,ring her up every week.,她的两个儿子都在国外工作,每周都给她打电话。,I live in a house,the,window,of,which,faces south.,我住在一个房子里,这个房子的窗户朝南。,第二十三页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,24,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,3,.“,介词,+,关系代词,”,结构中介词的选择可根据定语从句中谓语动词和介词的习惯搭配、先行词和介词的习惯搭配来确定,有时也需要结合句意。,In the street there wasn,t any person,to,whom,she could turn for help.,The boss,in,whose,company my father worked is a very kind person.,4,.“,复合介词短语,+,关系代词,which”,引导的定语从句中,定语从句常和先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。,He lives in a big house,in,front,of,which,stands a tall apple tree.,注意,在一些固定搭配的短语动词中,由于动词和介词不能分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。,This is the book(,which/that,)I,m looking for.,不可以说,:This is the book for which I,m looking.,第二十四页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,25,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,5,.from where,虽为,“,介词,+,关系副词,”,结构,但也可引导定语从句,where,往往指代前面表示具体位置的介词短语。,He stood on top of the hill,from,where,he could see the whole village.(where,指代,on top of the hill,指的是,“,从山顶那个地方看,”,而不是指,“,山,”),第二十五页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,26,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,1,.,定语从句与同位语从句的区别。二者都跟在名词后面,区别,:,定语从句修饰先行词,是对其进行修饰限定,;,同位语从句则是对前面名词的解释说明,是其内容。同位语从句前的名词常为抽象名词,如,:idea,fact,truth,evidence,news,thought,。同位语从句主要由,that,引导在从句中不做成分,有时也可以由,when,where,how,why,whether,what,等词引导,在从句中充当成分。,The news,that,our team won made us excited.(our team won,是,news,的内容,that,不充当从句的成分,为同位语从句。可理解为,:The news was that our team won.),The news,that,he told me was exciting.(he told me,缺少一个直接宾语,由,that,充当,故为定语从句。不能将其理解为,:The news was that he told me.),第二十六页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,27,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,2,.,定语从句与并列句和简单句的区别。区别的关键是看标点和连接词。,Our class has sixty students,most,of,whom,study hard.(,逗号后为另一个句子,两个句子之间要用连接代词,whom,为定语从句,),Our class has sixty students,and,most,of,them,study hard.(,逗号后为另一个句子,且已经有并列连词,and,故用,them,即可,为并列句,),Our class has sixty students.,Most,of,them,study hard.(,两句之间为句号,代表两个独立的简单句,故不需要连接词,),第二十七页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,28,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,3,.,定语从句与状语从句的区别。定语从句前面必有先行词,而状语从句,(,如时间状语从句和地点状语从句,),则是做整个句子的状语,前面没有先行词。,Do you know,the,time,when,he will come back?(,定语从句,前面有先行词,time),I will go shopping,when,he comes back时间状语从句,表示主句动作发生的时间,前面没有先行词,),Put the book,where,it belongs.(,地点状语从句,指的是,“,放书,”,的地点,前面无先行词,因此不能用,to which),Put the book in the,place,where,it belongs.(,定语从句,前面有先行词,place),第二十八页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,29,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,4,.,定语从句与强调句的区别。当,it is/was,后出现表示地点或时间的名词时,其后所接的从句是定语从句还是强调句,要看将,it is/was和,that(,可以先假设,),去掉之后句式是否完整,(,不缺少成分,),若句式完整则为强调句。,It was Sunday,when,he came back.(,定语从句,),It was,on,Sunday,that,he came back.(,强调句式,强调的是时间状语,on Sunday,去掉,It was,和,that,后句式完整,),第二十九页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,30,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,1,.,当先行词为,way,意为,“,方法、方式,”,且在定语从句中做主语、宾语时,可用关系代词,which,或,that;,做状语时,要用in which,或,that,或不填任何关系词。,The way(,that/in,which,)he,finished,the,task,successfully was difficult to understand.(,做状语,),The way(,that/which,)he,explained,to me was not difficult to understand.(,做宾语,),2,.,当先行词为,time,时,若表示,“,一段时间,”,后面定语从句用,when,引导,也可用,at/during which;,若表示,“,次数,”,后面定语从句用,that,引导,that,可以省略。,There was a time,when,we had no TV sets.,This is the second time(,that,)the president has visited our country.,第三十页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,31,-,.,单句填空,1,.Their child is at the stage,she can say individual words but not full sentences.(2019,天津,单项填空,),where,句意,:,他们的孩子处在一个只会说个别词语不能说完整句子的阶段。先行词是,stage,关系词在定语从句中做地点状语,所以填,where,。,2,.We have entered into an age,dreams have the best chance of coming true.(2019,江苏,单项填空,),when,句意,:,我们已经进入一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知,定语从句结构完整,只缺少状语,根据先行词,age,可知,此处用,when,引导定语从句。,第三十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,32,-,3,.In a culture,people function according to ritual,music is used to help govern people.(2019,广东深圳高级中学模拟,),where,句意,:,在一种人们按照仪式运作的文化中,音乐被用来帮助统治人们。关系词在定语从句中做地点状语,所以填,where,。,4,.I think it,s helpful to put up some boards along the tourist attractions,tourists can leave messages.(2018,河北石家庄检测一,),where,分析句子结构可知,该句为定语从句,先行词为,boards,关系词在从句中做地点状语,故填,where,。,第三十二页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,33,-,5,.Two of the most interesting people I met were two elderly sisters,Joan and Bernice,way of talking about people inspired me.(2018,安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试,),whose,先行词是,Joan,and,Bernice,关系词在从句中做定语,故填,whose,。,6,.Recently,I thought about the benefits,reading could bring us.(2017,河南郑州高中毕业年级第三次质量预测,),that/which,that/which,引导定语从句,在从句中做宾语,该从句修饰,the,benefits,。,7,.,someone once said,“Art is life.”,As,As,引导非限制性定语从句,句意为,“,正如某人说过的,”,。故填,As,。,第三十三页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,34,-,8,.He is a famous architect,designs won an international award last year.,whose,分析句子结构可知,这是一个含有定语从句的复合句,定语从句的引导词在从句中做定语,修饰,designs,意为,的,”,故填,whose,。,9,.This is Mary,is taking over my job when I leave.,who,先行词是,Mary,指人,从句中缺少主语。故填,who,。,10,.Summer is the time,people enjoy warm weather.,when,分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为,the,time,关系词在定语从句中做时间状语,故用关系副词,when,。,第三十四页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,35,-,11,.I,m looking at the photograph,you sent me with your letter.,that/which,先行词是物,photograph,且在从句中做宾语,故填,which,或,that,。,12,.The president of the company,I really admire,is visiting us next week.,who/whom,先行词为,the,president,指人,且在从句中做,admire,的宾语,故应填,who,或,whom,。,13,.He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows,most,hadn,t been cleaned for at least a year.of,which,which,的先行词是,windows,windows,在从句中当介词,of,的宾语,介词后面不能用关系代词,that,故填,of,which,。,第三十五页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,36,-,14,.Scientists have searched for a long time for a reason,so many bees are disappearing.,why/for,which,分析句子结构可知空格后为定语从句。先行词是,a,reason,关系词在定语从句,so,many,bees,are,disappearing,中做状语,故用,why/for,which,来引导。,第三十六页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,37,-,.,单句改错,1,.There would be many activities during the English Week,one of them is the English Calligraphy Show.(2019,湖北四地七校联考,),themwhich,或在,one,前加,and,关系词在非限制性定语从句中做介词,of,的宾语,所以把,them,改为,which,。也可在,one,前加,and,构成并列句。,2,.We agreed that it would be decided by my dad,whom didn,t return home from work.(2019,河南中原名校质量考评,),whomwho,句中的先行词为,my,dad,关系词在非限制性定语从句中做主语,故用关系词,who,。,第三十七页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,38,-,3,.My father,a scientist,works to save rarely birds,some of that are really clever and can even say some words.(2019,辽宁葫芦岛协作校联考,),thatwhich,此处为,“,代词,+of+,关系代词,”,引导的定语从句,that,不能引导非限制性定语从句。,4,.I actually kept the light on in my bedroom the whole night,that finally put me at ease.(2019,河南信阳模拟,),thatwhich,关系词在非限制性定语从句中做主语,所以用,which,。,5,.Being afraid of expressing myself was one of the reasons when I rarely did well in school.(2019,广东,“,六校联盟,”,联考,),whenwhy,先行词是,reason,关系词做原因状语,所以用,why,。,第三十八页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,39,-,6,.My first step is to set small targets what can be reached realistically.(2017,广东广州普通高中毕业班综合测试,),whatthat/which,该句为含有定语从句的复合句,句中,small,targets,为先行词,关系词在从句中做主语,故用,that,或,which,。,7,.The shelter,where is designed for the thousands of traders and shoppers,has become an attraction itself.(2018,河南河北七所名校联考,),wherewhich,先行词是,shelter,空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中做主语,故把,where,改为,which,。,第三十九页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,40,-,8,.He wrote many children,s books,nearly half of them were published in the 1990s.,themwhich,句意,:,他写了很多本儿童读物,其中将近一半是于,20,世纪,90,年代出版的。此处是,“,介词,+,关系代词,”,引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为,books,指物,故把,them,改为,which,。,9,.The results of the experiment proved to be very good,that was more than we expected.,thatwhich,句意,:,实验的结果证明很好,这远远超出我们的预期。题干中的逗号前是主句,逗号后是非限制性定语从句,that,不能引导非限制性定语从句,因此要把,that,改为,which,。,which,表示主句造成的结果,代表主句的内容。,第四十页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,41,-,10,.It is known to all,the Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.(2018,湖南师大附中第三次月考,),ItAs,逗号前为定语从句,所以要用关系词引导,;It,是指示代词,不能起到连接的作用,;,又因这个定语从句在先行词前,结合语境可知只能用,As,在句首要大写。,第四十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。,-,42,-,.,短文改错,Hi Eva,Sorry that I haven,t been in the touch for a while.But I catch a cold last week,and