2022高考英语大一轮复习语法专题2代词课件新人教版.pptx

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,11/7/2009,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/5/30,#,语法专题二代词,第一页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,2,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,1,.(2019,天津,单项填空,)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than,who are not.,those,句意,:,一项研究表明参与课外活动的学生比那些不参与的更快乐。这里指那些不参与课外活动的学生们,所以用,those,。,2,.(2018,全国,语篇填空,)When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find,(they)alive.,them,分析句子成分可知,所填的词做,find,的宾语,故用代词的宾格,them,。,第二页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,3,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,3,.(2017,全国,语篇填空,)However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more than 25,000 people were using,every day.,it,it,在这里指代前面提到的名词,the,railway,。,4,.(2016,四川,语篇填空,)By that time,the panda no longer needed,(it)mother for food.,its,its,在此处修饰其后的名词,mother,故此处用,it,的形容词性物主代词,its,做定语。,第三页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,4,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,第四页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,5,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,注意,形容词性物主代词通常用,作,定语,修饰名词,如,:her,father,她的父亲。,“of(,介词,)+,名词性物主代词,(,或名词所有格,)”,构成双重所有格,如,:a,friend,of,mine,我的一个朋友。,第五页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,6,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,1,.,指代时间、距离、自然现象等。如,:,It,is half past two now.,现在两点半。,(,指时间,),It,is 6 miles to the nearest hospital.,离最近的医院有六英里。,(,指距离,),It,is very cold in the room.,房间很冷。,(,指温度,),第六页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,7,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,2,.,指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。如,:,Who,s that at the door?,门口那人是谁,?,It,is the milkman.,是送奶工。,(it,指代性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人,),I,ve broken a plate.,我打碎了一个盘子。,It,(=Breaking the plate)doesn,t matter.,没关系。,(it,指前面所提到过的事情,),第七页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,8,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,3,.it,可以用,作,形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面,真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动词,-,ing,形式和不定式充当。如,:,It,is said that all of them have gone to the cinema.,据说他们都去看电影了。,No matter where he is,he makes,it,a rule to go out for a walk before breakfast.,无论在哪儿,他总是习惯在早餐前出去散步。,第八页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,9,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,4,.it,用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词,(,短语,),尤其是表示好恶的动词,(,短语,),后面,如,:enjoy,like,love,dislike,hate,don,t mind,be fond of,feel like,see to,后,即这些动词,(,短语,),后面的宾语从句前要加,it,。如,:,I,d appreciate,it,if you could help me.,如果你能帮我,我会感激不尽。,5,.it,的固定结构,:make it;get it;see to it that;put it,。如,:,If you put your heart into it,you can,make,it,.,如果你全心全意地去做,你会成功的。,第九页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,10,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,1,.it,特指上文所提到的同一事物,它所代替的名词常由,the,this,that,等修饰。,one,泛指上文提到的同类事物中的一个,不特指,相当于,a/an+,单数名词,;ones,泛指上文提到的同类事物的复数名词,;the one,特指前面的可数名词单数,有时可以用,that,来代替,(,尤其是后面有后置定语时,);the ones,特指上文提到的复数名词,有时可以用,those,代替,尤其在有后置定语的情况下。,that,特指前面出现的单数名词或不可数名词,相当于,“the+,可数名词单数,/,不可数名词,”;that,的复数形式为,those,替代可数名词复数,既可指人也可指物。,第十页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,11,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三二,四,五,七,六,八,九,Yesterday I lost my pen and I couldn,t find it.So I had to buy,one,.(it,指代,my pen;one,替代,a pen),昨天我丢了钢笔而且没找到。所以我不得不再买一支。,The books on the desk are better than,those/the,ones,under the desk.(those/the ones,替代,the books),桌子上的书要比桌子下面的好。,No pleasure can equal,that,of a cool drink on a hot day.,没有什么能比得上在炎热的天气里喝上一杯冷饮那样快乐。,(that,替代,pleasure),第十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,12,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,2,.that,和,one,的主要区别,:,that,既可替代可数名词单数,也可替代不可数名词,常有后置定语,一般不指人,复数形式为,those;one,只能替代可数名词单数,复数形式为,ones,。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时,只能用,one,不用,that,。当,of,短语做可数名词单数的后置定语时,用,that,不用,one,。,The quality of education in this small school is better than,that,in some larger schools.,这所规模较小的学校的教育质量比一些规模较大的学校好。,If you,re buying today,s paper from the stand,could you get,one,for me?,如果你从摊上买今天的报纸,能给我捎一份吗,?(one,替代,a paper,一份报纸,),第十二页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,13,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词,有,this,that,these,those,。,this,that,是单数,these,those,是复数。指示代词可以在句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语等。,This,is what I want to say.,这就是我想要说的。,That,was twenty years ago.,那是二十年前的事了。,These,are not my books.,这些不是我的书。,Those,are her papers.,那些是她的试卷。,第十三页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,14,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,1,.both(,两者都,),either(,两者中的任何一个,),neither(,两者都不,),。以上这些词使用范围为两者。,John and Mary have,both,won the prizes.,约翰和玛丽都得了奖。,I,ve lived in New York and Chicago,but don,t like,either,of them very much.,我曾经在纽约和芝加哥居住过,但是这两个城市我都不是很喜欢。,The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but,neither,contained any useful suggestions.,这个调查组在调查的基础上提供了两份报告,但是没有一份包含有用的建议。,第十四页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,15,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,2,.both,与复数名词连用,either,与单数名词连用。,There are flowers on,both,sides of the street.,街道两旁都有花。,There are flowers on,either,side of the street.,街道的每一边都有花。,第十五页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,16,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,3,.all(,所有的,全部的人或物,),any(,任何一个,),none(,都不,),。以上词使用范围为三者或三者以上。,All,the students in my class like our teachers.,我们班的所有学生都喜欢我们的老师。,Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years,she lost,none,of her enthusiasm for life.,虽然罗斯玛丽患上这种严重的疾病多年,但是她一点儿也没有失去对生活的热情。,4,.each,可指两者,也可指两者以上。,They,each,have a car.,他们都有车。,第十六页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,17,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,1,.no,不能单独使用,相当于,not a,或,not any,做定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。,He has,no,worry about safety.,他一点也不为安全担心。,2,.none,既可以指人,也可以指物,侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物,可与介词,of,连用,用于回答,how many/much,引导的疑问句。,How many people are there in the room?,房间里有多少人,?,None,.,没有人。,第十七页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,18,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,3,.nobody,指人,用于回答,who,引导的疑问句,;nothing,指物,用于回答,what,引导的疑问句。,The meeting will be held in September,but,nobody,knows the date for sure.,这次会议将在,9,月举行,但没人知道确切的日期。,What are you doing?,你正在做什么,?,Nothing,.,没干什么。,第十八页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,19,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八九,1,.another,既可以单独使用,也可以用于单数名词前,泛指三者或三者以上中的,“,另外一个人或物,”,。还可以用于,“another+,数词,+,复数名词,”,中,表示,“,再,又,”,。,Recycling is one way to protect the environment;reusing is,another,.,循环利用是保护环境的一种方式,重新利用是另一种方式。,You have to wait for,another,three weeks.,你还得等待三周。,2,.other,可用,作,形容词,意思为,“,别的,其他的,”,泛指,“,其他的,(,人或物,)”,。You can ask,other,people to help you.,你可以让其他人帮你。,第十九页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,20,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,3,.the other,指两个人或物中的一个,不能用,another,此时,other,为代词。,The old man has two sons.One is a teacher;,the,other,is a doctor.,这位老人有两个儿子。一个是老师,另一个是医生。,4,.the other,后可接可数名词单数也可接可数名词复数,不接不可数名词。此时,other,为形容词。On,the,other,side of the street,there is a tall tree.,在街道的另一边,有一棵高树。,He is taller than,the,other,students in his class.,他比班里其他学生都高。,第二十页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,21,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,5,.others,是,other,的复数形式,泛指,“,另外几个,;,其他的,”,。,others,不能做定语,表示复数意义,相当于,“other+,复数名词,”;the others,相当于,“the other+,复数名词,”,指剩下的全部。,In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in,others,knives and forks.,在一些国家,人们用筷子吃饭,而在另一些国家,人们用刀子和叉子。,Two students in our class failed,but all,the,others,passed the exam.,班里两个学生没及格,但其他学生全部通过了考试。,第二十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,22,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,everyone/everybody,意为,“,每个人,”;someone/somebody,意为,“,某人,有人,”,其特殊含义是,“,有价值的人或者重要的人,”;anyone/anybody,意为,“,任何人,无论谁,”;nobody,意为,“,没有人,无人,谁也不,”,。,everything,意为,“,每件事,;,所有事物,”;something,意为,“,某事,/,物,”,其特殊含义是,“,大致,;,左右,;,有价值的事物或者重要的事物,”;anything,意为,“,任何事物,”;nothing,意为,“,没有,”,。,You can ask,anyone,for help.,Everyone,here is willing to lend you a hand.,你可以向任何人求助。这儿的每个人都愿意帮助你。,Somebody,has parked his car right in front of mine.,有人将车子正好停在我的车子前面。,第二十二页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,23,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,He was such a fast talker that,nobody,could understand him.,他讲话很快,没有人能听懂。,Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?,$4,000,or,something,like that.,你算出这次旅程会花多少钱了吗,?,四千美元,或者大约那样的数目。,A smile costs,nothing,but gives much.,微笑花费不了什么,却给予很多。,第二十三页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,24,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,常见搭配,:,nothing but,只不过,anything but,绝不,;,根本不,something of,有点儿,;,在某种程度上是,nothing to do with,和,没关系,for nothing,免费,;,白白地,;,白费,;,无缘无故地,第二十四页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,25,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,none,no one,nobody,nothing,neither,not any,以及,“no+,名词,”,均表示全部否定,;,但当,not,与表示全部肯定的不定代词连用时,不管,not,的位置在其前还是其后,都表示部分否定。,None,of them smoke.,他们都不吸烟。,Such a person,cant,be found,everywhere,.(,部分否定,),这种人并非随处可见。,第二十五页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,26,-,.,单句填空,1,.Many people called Cha a“hero”even though he considered,(he)a writer of hero stories.(2019,重庆一中高三期中测试,),himself,句意,:,许多人称查为,“,英雄,”,尽管他认为他是英雄故事的作者。句子的宾语和主语指的是同一人,所以用反身代词。,2,.Realizing it was our last high school sports meeting,we decided to make,an unforgettable experience for all of us.(2019,河北邯郸一中质检,),it,所填的词指代前面的,our,last,high,school,sports,meeting,所以填代词,it,。,第二十六页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,27,-,3,.While making a choice from various ways of spending the time,we ought to ensure something that restores,(we)lost energy.(2019,山东泰安模拟,),our,所填的词做定语,修饰,lost,energy,所以用形容词性物主代词。,4,.Five years later,I found,(I)working in the offices of a movie company.(2018,浙江杭州模考,),myself,句意,:,五年后,我发现自己在一家电影公司的办公室工作。宾语和主语指的是同一个人,故填反身代词。,5,.Scientists researching,(it)effect on our moods are beginning to understand that we can influence our feelings with what we eat.(2017,湖南六校联盟高三联考,),its,由名词,effect,可知,应用形容词性物主代词,its,。,第二十七页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,28,-,6,.Originating in China,tea has long established,(it)as the national drink of this country.(2017,河南郑州高中毕业第一次质量预测,),itself,此处填的代词与句子主语,tea,形成互指关系,故用反身代词。,7,.Taxis are certainly the most convenient means of transport,as,requires little effort to raise your arm to call a cab.,it,此处的,it,为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的,to,raise,your,arm,to,call,a,cab,。,8,.I don,t like science fiction novels much.When you,ve read,you,ve read them all.,one,此处用,one,泛指前面提到的同类事物中的一个。,第二十八页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,29,-,9,.The couple had one biological child and adopted three,.,others,others,是,other,的复数形式,表示泛指,本句意为,“,这对夫妇有一个亲生孩子,领养了三个孩子,”,。,10,.Mark whispered so softly that,but Julie heard him.,none,此处,none,表示,“,没有人,”,强调数量为零。,11,.They had gone to a great deal of expense for,.,nothing,根据句意,“,他们白白牺牲了很多东西,”,可知,应用,nothing,意为,“,没有东西,”,。,12,.This result is only slightly different from,obtained in the US.,that,that,代替,result,表示特指。,that,往往用来指代上文提到的事物,this,指下文要陈述的事物。,第二十九页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,30,-,13,.The cells of the body,especially,of the brain,can live only minutes without circulating blood.,those,those,用来替代,the,cells,特指大脑那些细胞,因此用复数形式。,14,.If you don,t build your dream,someone will hire you to build,(they).,theirs句意,:,如果你不构建自己的梦想,那么就会有人雇用你去构建他们的梦想。本空在句中做,build,的宾语,与前面的,build,your,dream,呼应,表示,build,their,dreams,因此应用名词性物主代词,theirs,代替,their,dreams,。,15,.“One time I asked her,why is,(me)listening comprehension so bad?”Mr.Zuckerberg said.,my,句意,:,扎克伯格先生说,:“,有一次,我问她,为什么我的听力理解如此差,?”,此处修饰,listening,comprehension,故用my,。,第三十页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,31,-,.,单句改错,1,.People always complain about our worries,and a good listener should listen to them and learn to comfort them.(2019,陕西宝鸡模考,),ourtheir,句子的主语是,people,此处表示,“,他们的,”,所以把,our,改为,their,。,2,.I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had to look after me and live independently.(2019,湖北八校联考,),memyself,此处的宾语反指句子的主语,与主语,I,呼应,所以用反身代词,意为,“,照顾好自己,”,。,3,.When I was in high school,most of my friends had a bicycle.I hoped I could also have it.,itone,此处指代,a,bicycle,所以用,one,。,one,用来代替上文提到的单数可数名词,表示泛指。,第三十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,32,-,4,.I,ve learnt from the notice that you,re looking for an English editor for us school paper.,usour,此处做定语修饰,school,paper,表示,“,我们学校的报纸,”,应用,our,。,5,.But it,s difficult for me to decide what activities we should organize and how to plan it.,第二个,it them,plan,后应跟一个指代前面的,activities,的代词,为复数形式,做,plan,的宾语,故应用宾格代词,them,。,6,.Once you get into a bad habit,you,ll find it hard to get rid of them.,themit,此处代指,a,bad,habit,故用,it,。,7,.I decided to tell my parents it was the fault of the cat for fear that she should punish me.,shethey,本处代指,“,我父母,”,应用,they,。,第三十二页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,33,-,8,.That is known to us that respect for one,s parents is one of Chinese traditional moral values.,ThatIt,It,is,known,to,us,that.,为固定句式,表示,“,我们都知道,众所周知,”,其中,it,为形式主语,that,引导的从句为真正的主语,故改为,it,。,9,.I got the news from the newspaper that you need an art editor for our magazine.,ouryour,根据句意,“,你的杂志需要一个美术编辑,”,可知此处指,“,你的,”,。故改为,your,。,10,.When none of his friends arrived,he asked them to sit at the table.,noneall,根据句意,“,当他所有的朋友都到了的时候,”,可知,此处指,“,三者或三者以上的所有人,”,表肯定,故用不定代词,all,。,第三十三页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,34,-,.,语篇填空,Emily sits by her desk.She studies for an exam.Actually,she forces 1.,to study for that exam,since what she really wants to do is go outside and play soccer!,Her friend Kelly is by her window.She throws a little stone at it and then calls,“Is there 2.,home?”,“Yes,I am here!”Emily answers.“This is so unfair!I want to be outside with 3.,and not here with these boring booklets(,小册子,)!”,“Whatever you are doing with those boring booklets,you should come out and play with us!”Kelly calls back.,第三十四页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,35,-,“I can,t do 4.,”Emily says sadly.“This exam of 5.,is tomorrow,so now I need to study for it.”She takes the stone that Kelly threw in,and sends it flying outside.Then she closes the window.She knows that everybody else has studied already,and now 6.,of them are playing outside.,“Well,”she thinks to herself,“it is my test,and I myself have to study for it.I know that Kelly wants to help me,but not this time.We can help 7.,other with other things.”,She takes another look at her two booklets.She tries to read a page of the first booklet,and then a page of the 8.,.Both are boring.,“9.,of you is interesting!”she tells them seriously.,第三十五页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,36,-,“What can I do?”she thinks to herself.“I really have enough!”,Suddenly,a great idea comes to her mind.“I know!”she thinks,“I,ll make a drawing of everything I read!I like to draw,and drawings will make it interesting!”,She grabs her pencil and happily begins to draw.,More and more is drawn on her notebook,and after two hours she finishes her booklets.,She is tired but happy,and she can finally go out to play.,“Where is 10.,?”she asks herself.Emily notices it is dark already.“I guess they all went home.”,Suddenly her doorbell rings.Kelly and the rest of her friends are there.They are all tired and they want to watch a movie together.,Emily is very happy.She can now enjoy a movie with her friends!,第三十六页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,37,-,1,.herself,艾米莉在强迫自己学习,因此用反身代词,herself,。,2,.anybody/anyone,此处是一般疑问句,意为,“,有人在家吗,?”,故用,anybody,或,anyone,。,3,.you,艾米莉和凯莉在对话,故用,you,指代凯莉。,4,.that,此处,that,指代上文凯莉给出的建议,意为,“,我不能那样做,”,。,5,.mine,此处在该句中做主语,由上文的,this,exam,of,可知,应该用名词性物主代词,mine,。,6,.all,由上文的,everybody,可知,所有人都已经复习好了,故用,all,指代所有人。,7,.each,句意,:,我们可以在别的事情上互相帮助。,each,other,是固定结构,意为,相互,”,。,第三十七页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,38,-,8,.other,根据上文的,two,booklets,the,first,booklet,及下文的,both,可知,艾米莉有两本小册子,故用,the,other,指两本小册子中的一本。,9,.Neither,上文提到了两本小册子,否定两者用,neither,。,10,.everybody/everyone,根据下文的,they,all,went,home,可知,此处用,everybody,或,everyone,指代所有的在外面玩耍的小伙伴。,第三十八页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,39,-,.,短文改错,(2019,江西重点中学模拟,),Last Monday,my aunt went to attend a meeting.After a meeting,my aunt went to a restaurant for lunch.However,when it was time pay the bill,she couldn,t find her purse.She remembered she had it when she leaves the hotel.She thought someone must have stolen her purse.Just then,a man in his early twenty came up and paid the bill for him.My aunt was very gratefully.They talked for a while but my aunt finally realized that who the young man was.My aunt had before collecting some money to help the son of a man she,d met.What surprised her were that the young man should be the son.,第三十九