2022高考英语大一轮复习语法专题3介词和介词短语课件新人教版.pptx

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,11/7/2009,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/5/30,#,语法专题三介词和介词短语,第一页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,2,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,1,.(2019,全国,语篇填空,)Modern methods,tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.,of/for,该空前面是名词,methods,后面是动词,-ing,形式,故应填介词。可以用,of,表示所属关系,也可填,for,。,2,.(2018,全国,语篇填空,)I was searching,these three western lowland gorillas I,d been observing.,for,句意,:,我在寻找我一直在观察的这三只西部低地大猩猩。,search,for,是固定搭配,意为,“,搜索,;,寻找,”,。,第二页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,3,-,高考感悟,考点归纳3,.(2017,全国,语篇填空,)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and,work.,from,根据句意及空前面的,to,可知,这里应填,from,。,to,and,from,work,表示,“,上下班,”,。,4,.(2017,全国,语篇填空,)After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree,engineering or architecture.,in,get,a,degree,in.,为固定搭配,意为,“,取得,学位,”,故用介词,in,。,5,.(2016,全国,语篇填空,)In India,for example,most people traditionally eat,their hands.,with,句意,:,例如,在印度,大部分人传统上用手吃饭。介词,with,表示,“,用,”,之意。,第三页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,4,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九十,1,.in,用在表示年份、季节、月份,或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名词前,;on,用在表示某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名词前,;at,用在表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点的名词前。,We will have a meeting,at,8 o,clock,in,the morning,on,Sunday.,我们将在星期天早上八点钟开会。,第四页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,5,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,2,.for,后接,“,一段时间,”,表示某事持续多久,多与完成时连用,;during,表示,“,在,期间,”;through,表示,“,一直,自始至终,”,。,The new boy looked at the teacher,for,a few seconds.,这个新来的男孩看了老师几秒钟。,I went to France,during,the summer holiday.,暑假期间我去了法国。,They worked hard,through,the winter.,整个冬天他们都在努力工作。,第五页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,6,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,3,.from,since,from,表示时间的起点,意为,“,从,”,多用于,“from.to/till.”,中,;since,表示,“,自从,以来,”,。,I have been waiting here,from,morning till noon.,我在这里从早上等到了中午。,Great changes have taken place in our school,since,Dec.,2015.,自从,2015,年,12,月以来,我们学校发生了很大变化。,注意,for,和,since,都常与完成时连用,但,for,接时间段,since,接时间点。如,for,two,hours(,持续,),两小时,;since,last,week,从上周直到现在。,第六页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,7,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,4,.before,by,till,until,before,表示,“,在,之前,”,与,after,相对。,by,指,“,不迟于,到,时为止,在,以前,”,by,后接过去时间时,常与过去完成时连用,;by,后接将来时间时,常与将来完成时连用。,till/until,表示,“,直到,为止,”,在肯定句中,till/until,必须与延续性动词连用,;,在否定句中,till/until,常与非延续性动词连用。,Please come,before,ten o,clock.,请在十点钟以前回来。,September 30 is the dayby,which you must pay your bill.,在,9,月,30,日之前,你必须支付账单。,You must wait for him,till/until,tomorrow.,你必须一直等他到明天。,第七页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,8,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,5,.after,in,after+,一段时间,:,表示,“,在,之后,”,用于一般过去时,;,但当,after,后跟时间点时,可用于各种时态。,in+,一段时间,:,表示以说话时为起点一段时间之后,与一般将来时连用,;,但表示,“,在,之内,”,时,可用于各种时态After,eight it began to rain.,八点后开始下雨。,Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves,in,half an hour.,简很匆忙,因为去机场的火车半小时内就发车了。,第八页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,9,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,1,.on,意为,“,在,的上面,”;over,意为,“,在,(,垂直,),的正上方,”;above,意为,“,在,(,不一定垂直,),的上方,”;under,意为,“,在,(,垂直,),的正下方,”;below,意为,“,在,(,不一定垂直,),的下方,”;near,意为,“,在,附近,”;next to,意为,“,紧挨着,”;round/around,意为,“,在,周围,”;by,意为,“,在,旁边,”;along,表示沿着街、路、河岸等,;across,主要表示从某物的表面,“,横过,”,涉及,“,面,”,的概念,;past,意为,“,从,旁经过,”;up,表示向上,由南到北,由西到东,由沿海到内陆,由小地方到大地方,由农村到城市,反之则用,down;through,指从某物的内部,“,穿过,”;over,指,“,越过,”,某一障碍物。,第九页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,10,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,The Great Wall winds its way from west to east,across,deserts,through,valleys and,over,mountains until at last it reaches the sea.,长城从西蜿蜒东下,穿过荒漠和,山谷,、翻越高山,直到最后到达大海。,2,.,表示两者的位置关系时,in,表示,“,在同一区域内或同一范围内,”;on,表示,“,接壤,相邻,”;to,表示,“,相离,相隔,”,两者不属同一范围,也不接壤。,The beautiful city is,in,China.,这个美丽的城市在中国。,第十页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,11,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,1,.at,表示,“,以,速度,以,价格,”,。,He bargained with the assistant,trying to get this bicycle,at,a low price.,他和店员讨价还价,试图便宜买下这辆自行车。,2,.for,表示,“,用,交换,以,为代价,”,。,He sold his car,for,500 dollars.,他以五百美元把车卖了。,3,.by,表示,“,按,计算,”,后跟度量单位。接具体单位时,该名词前用定冠词,the;,接具体度量名词时,该名词前不加冠词。,They are paid,by,the day.,他们按天计算报酬。,第十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,12,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,1,.by,表示用某种方式,多用于交通。如,by bus,乘公共汽车,by e-mail,通过电子邮件。,注意,表示搭乘交通工具用,by,时,名词前不加冠词,;,用,in,时,名词前要加冠词。请比较,:,I went there,by,car/in a car.,我乘汽车去那里。,2,.with,表示,“,用某种具体工具、身体的某部分或器官,”,。,We speak,with,our mouths.,我们用嘴说话。,注意,with,表示用某种工具时,名词前必须用冠词或,形容词性,物主代词。,第十二页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,13,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,3,.in,表示用某种材料或语言。,Please speak,in,English and write,in,ink.,请用英语说并用墨水写。,4,.through,表示,“,以,(,方法、手段,),经由,”,后面多接抽象名词。,You can only achieve success,through,hard work.,只有通过努力工作,你才能获得成功。,第十三页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,14,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,besides,表示包含,“,除,之外还有,”,。,except,表示排除,“,除,之外,”,指整体里面排除部分,后面可接代词、副词、介词短语,还可接,that,从句或,wh-,从句。,but,表示排除,多与,nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who,等连用,其后可以接不定式。,except for,表示,“,除,之外,”,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加以修正。,apart from,表示,“,此外,除,之外还有,”,时,相当于,besides/as well as;,表示,“,撇开,来说,除去,”,时,相当于,except(for),。,in addition to,表示,“,除,之外还有,”,相当于,besides,。,第十四页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,15,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,Apart,from,going shopping,the old lady likes walking,except,when it rains.,天不下雨时,这位老太太除了购物还喜欢散步。,It is a beautiful city,except,for,its traffic.,除了交通问题,它是一座美丽的城市。,第十五页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,16,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,1,.for,表示原因,常与,sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame,等词连用。,The Smiths are praised,for,the way they bring up their children.,史密斯夫妇因培养孩子的方式而受到了表扬。,2,.at,指情感变化的原因,意为,“,因听到或看到,而,”,。,He was surprisedat,the news.,他对这个消息感到吃惊。,3,.from,指,“,外在的原因,”,如受伤、车祸、劳累等。,Suffering,from,overwork,she is out of shape.,由于工作过度,她健康状况不好。,第十六页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,17,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,4,.of,指,“,内在的原因,”,如疾病、饥饿、年老等。,If they don,t find enough bamboo,pandas will die,of,hunger.,如果找不到足够的竹子,熊猫会死于饥饿。,5,.with,指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。,He was trembling,with,cold.,他冷得发抖。,6,.by,表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。,She took your umbrella,by,mistake.,她错拿了你的伞。,第十七页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,18,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,1,.of+,抽象名词,=,形容词,of+great/much+,抽象名词,=very+,形容词,of+no+,抽象名词,=not+,形容词,The book is,of,great value to our research.,这本书对我们的研究有很大价值。,This old machine is,of,no use.,这台旧机器没用了。,2,.to+one,s+,情感名词,=to the+,情感名词,+of sb.,To,our great surprise,the boy lied to the teacher.,令我们非常吃惊的是,那个男孩对老师撒谎了。,第十八页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,19,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,1,.(,表示方向,),与,方向相反,;,逆着,;,迎着,;,顶着,against,the wind,迎着风,;,逆着风,2,.(,表示方位,)紧靠着,;,倚靠着,against,the wall,靠着墙,3,.(,表示对象,),对,不利,;,对,有害,;,以,为竞争对手,;,违反,;,违背,fight against,同,战斗,;against the natural law,违背自然规律,It was a real race,against,time to get the project done.Luckily,we made it.,完成这项工程的确是和时间的一场赛跑。幸运的是,我们做到了。,4,.(,表示对比,),和,比,;,和,对照,;,以,为背景,against,the blue sky,以蓝天为背景,第十九页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,20,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,1,.(,表示位置,),在,/,往,的另一边,;,在,/,往,的那一边,;,在,/,往,的更远处,The house is,beyond,the bridge.,房子在桥那边。,2,.(,表示时间,),迟于,;,晚于,;,在,之后,Don,t stay here,beyond,midnight.,待在这里不要超过午夜。,3,.(,表示范围,),超出,;,非,所能及,The switch on the wall was,beyond,the children,s reach.,墙上的开关小孩子是够不到的。,第二十页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,21,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,4,.(,表示程度,),超出,的范围,;,超过,;,对,来说太难,Math is,beyond,me.I can never get high grades.,数学对我来说很难。我从来都得不了高分。,5,.(,表示数目,),多于,;,超过,There weren,t,beyond,twenty people present.,出席的人不超过,20,个。,第二十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,22,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,1,.at,at lunch,在吃午饭,at table,在吃饭,at school,在上学,at peace,在和平时期,at first=at the beginning,起初,at the beginning of,在,的初始阶段,at the end of.,在,结束时,第二十二页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,23,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,2,.in,in a sense,从某种意义上说,in common,共同,;,共有,in place,在适当的位置,in practice,在实践中,;,实际上,in public,公开地,;,当众,in turn,依次,;,轮流,;,反过来,in case,以免,;,万一,in detail,详细地,in office,执政,;,在位,in power,当权,;,在执政,第二十三页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,24,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,in progress,在进行中,in return,作为回报,in time,及时,;,最终,in the way,挡路,in exchange for,用以交换,in favour of,同意,;,支持,in the meanwhile,同时,in spite of,不管,;,不顾,in terms of,就,来说,in addition to,此外,;,除,以外,第二十四页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,25,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,3,.on,on behalf of,代表,on condition that,以,作为条件,on sale,出售,on strike,在罢工,on the increase,正在增加,on the air,正在广播,on the contrary,相反,第二十五页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,26,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,4,.under,under control,在控制之中,under discussion,在讨论中,under development,在发展中,under construction,在建设中,under repair,在修理中,5,.for,for lack of,由于缺乏,for the benefit of,为了,的利益,as for,就,而论,;,关于,第二十六页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,27,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,6,.by,by chance=by accident,偶然,;,碰巧,by name,凭名字,;,用,的名字,by far,到目前为止,7,.out of,out of order,发生故障,;,失调,out of place,不得其所的,;,不适当的,out of control,失去控制,out of one,s reach,某人够不着的地方,out of the question,不可能,out of question,毫无疑问,第二十七页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,28,-,.,单句填空,1,.“Made in China 2025”aims to transform China,a product-making factory into a product-making power.(2019,江苏南通中学模考,),from,句意,:“2025,中国制造,”,的目标是把中国从一个产品制造工厂变成一个产品制造大国。,transform.from.into.“,把,从,变成,”,。,2,.Parents are attaching great importance,children,s calligraphy practice.(2019,河北武邑中学高三月考,),to,句意,:,家长们十分重视孩子们的书法练习。,attach,importance,to“,重视,”,。,第二十八页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,29,-,3,.Last night Mr.Crook met some friends and stayed out,midnight.(2019,山东临沂期中,),until/till,句意,:,昨晚,Crook,先生见了几个朋友并且直到午夜才回来。,until/till“,直到,”,符合题意。,4,.I kept on walking,seeing watchtower after watchtower,my way.(2017,山西八校高三上学期第一次联考,),on/along,句意,:,我继续行走,沿途看见一个接一个的烽火台。,on/along,one,s,way,意为,“,沿途,”,。,5,.Although we didn,t really understand everything,it was good to be lost,the atmosphere of the occasion!(2017,江西南昌十校高三第二次模拟,),in,be,lost,in,sth.,意为,“,沉浸于,”,是固定搭配,故用介词,in,。,第二十九页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,30,-,6,.On this blog(,博客,)I will be posting a travel journal _ photographs and drawings.(2017,湖北高三第一次联考,),with,此处用,with,表示,“,具有,带有,”,后跟名词,photographs,and,drawings,做后置定语。,7,.I was born in a town called Blackburn,in the northwest of England,and lived there till I left home,the age of eighteen.,at,at,the,age,of,为固定搭配,意为,“,在,岁时,”,。,8,.Most caves are formed,nature under the ground,but some have entrances people can find.,by,此处表示大部分洞窟是在地下自然形成的。由该句中的被动形式are,formed,可以判断,应用介词,by,。,第三十页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,31,-,9,.These paintings look exactly the same,the Lascaux Cave Paintings.,as,the,same,as,为固定搭配,意为,“,和,一样,”,。,10,.There have been cultural exchanges,China and Greece in recent years.,between,表示,“,在,(,两者,),之间,”,要用介词,between,。,between.and.“,在,和,之间,”,。,11,.She also goes to other countries where people cannot afford this treatment and helps them,free.,for,for,free,意为,“,免费,”,为固定搭配,故用介词,for,。,第三十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,32,-,12,.We can become a smart shopper by choosing for value,not for looks;,other words,choose good quality goods with plain packages.,in根据句意可知,空后部分的内容用来进一步解释说明空格前的内容,;,再根据提示词,other,words,故填,in,。,in,other,words“,换句话说,”,。,13,.On some other websites,you can connect with people,all over the world.,from,from,all,over,the,world“,来自世界各地,”,from,表示来源、出处。,14,.Meanwhile,the doctor in New York watched her on a video screen and then sent messages to the robot machine,the computer.,through,此处表示通过电脑给机器人发送信息,故填,through,。,第三十二页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,33,-,15,.The Scottish girl,blue eyes won first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.,with,句意,:,那个拥有一双蓝色眼睛的苏格兰女孩在第五届汉语演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。介词短语在句中做定语,with,意为,“,长着,”,。,16,.She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went,the road.,off,句意,:,她在拐弯处开车速度太快了,车差点儿偏离了道路。,go,off,the,road,是固定搭配,意为,“,偏离了道路,”,。,17,.A serious study of physics is impossible,some knowledge of mathematics.,without,句意,:,没有一些数学方面的知识,认真进行物理研究是不可能的。,without“,无,没有,”,在此表条件。,第三十三页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,34,-,.,单句改错,1,.We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared to the future.(2019,湖南衡阳八中高三第四次月考,),第二个,tofor,get,prepared,for,是固定搭配,表示,“,为,做准备,”,所以把,to,改为,for,。,2,.Today,Chinese is where my strength lies,and I,m grateful for my Chinese teacher.(2019,广东,“,六校联盟,”,第一次联考,),forto,表示,“,对某人感激,”,要用,be,grateful,to,sb.,所以把,for,改为,to,。,3,.Babies will catch more than six colds during their first year in average.(2019,山东新泰一中第二次质检,),inon,on,average“,平均,”,是介词短语。,第三十四页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,35,-,4,.The activities will surely arouse our interest in learning English and improve our understanding in English.,第二个,inof,表示,“,对的理解,”,时,understanding,后面要用介词,of,。,5,.Therefore,I always looked down upon my classmates who turned for me in their studies.,forto,turn,to,sb.“,向,求助,”,为固定搭配。,6,.You can imagine how shy I was when I thought of that with so many eyes fixed to me.,toon/upon,fix,on/upon,为固定短语,意为,“,集中,(,目光、注意力等,),于,”,。,第三十五页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,36,-,7,.It was on Sunday so I didn,t have to go to school as usual.,删除,on,本处意为,“,那是星期天,”,无须加介词。此处不是强调句型,因此要把,on,去掉。,8,.In the same time,a number of teenagers climbed up the stairs.,InAt,at,the,same,time,是固定搭配,意为,“,同时,”,。,9,.There was a rich man who carried many treasures to the distance to look into happiness.,intofor,根据后面的,happiness,可知,此处应用,look,for“,寻找,”,而,look,into,意为,“,调查,”,不符合语境。,第三十六页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,37,-,10,.Beside this,it is necessary that we should also tell our parents what we are going to do when we go out.,BesideBesides,beside,表示,“,在旁边,”,besides,表示,“,除,之外,”,此处表示除了这个以外,还要在出去时告诉父母,“,我们,”,要去做什么,故改为,Besides,。,11,.This morning,I was jogging in the park when I caught sight a wallet on a bench.,sight,后加,of,catch,sight,of,意为,“,看见,”,符合语境,故加上介词,of,。,12,.After confirming he was the owner,I handed the wallet back with him.,withto,此处表示,“,我,”,把钱包还给了失主,hand,sth.back,to,sb.,为固定用法,故用介词,to,。,第三十七页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,38,-,13,.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes of animals both on land and sea?,第二个,ofto,句意,:,你曾经听说过是水陆两栖动物的栖息地的那种树吗,?be,home,to,是固定短语,意为,“,是,的所在地,/,栖息地,/,家园,/,产地,”,。,14,.A common memory they all have from their schooldays is the school uniform.,fromof,句意,:,他们对于学生时代的共同的回忆就是校服。分析句子结构可知,they,all,have,是定语从句,修饰,memory,把该定语从句去掉就可以看出,此处考查的是名词,memory,与介词的搭配。,memory,of“,关于,的回忆,”,。,第三十八页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,39,-,15,.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.,onin,句意,:,托尼在商店橱窗里看到了一个玩具。表示在橱窗里面应用,in,。,第三十九页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,40,-,.,短文改错,After school,I was about to enter into my apartment when I saw a little dirty dog lie beside the dustbin.He looked extremely weak.Immediately the homeless dog filled me of sympathy.So I decided to take him home.I gave him some food and a bath.After the bath he looked energy and refreshed.What a lovely dog!,When my parents got home,I asked that I could keep the dog.To my surprised and joy,they agreed.Up to now,he has become member of our family and everyone had enjoyed his company.Looked at the cute and happy dog today,I realize that I was right to help him.I offered him a shelter and he brought ourselves great happiness and laughter.,第四十页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,41,-,第四十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,42,-,第四十二页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,43,-,1,.,删除,into,enter,表示进入某个具体处所时,不需要加介词,;enter,into,后多跟抽象名词,表示进入某种状态。,2,.lielying,see,sb.doing,sth.,意为,“,看到某人正在做某事,”,符合语境,故用动词,-,ing,形式做宾语补足语。,3,.ofwith,fill.with.,意为,“,用,充满,”,为固定搭配,故用介词,with,。,4,.energyenergetic,look,是系动词,后跟形容词做表语,故用形容词形式,即,energetic,。,5,.thatif/whether,根据语境可推知,作者当时是要征询父母的意见,表示,“,是否,”,故用,if,或,whether,引导宾语从句。,6,.surprisedsurprise,根据,my,和,and,joy,可知,此处应用名词形式。,第四十三页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十六分。,-,44,-,7,.become,后加,a,a,member,of.,表示,“,中的一员,”,。,8,.hadhas,根据前面的,has,become,可知,此处应用现在完成时,且与主语,every